[Bases of the replacement surfactant therapy for bronchopulmonary diseases]. / Osnovy zamestitel'noi surfaktantnoi terapii bronkholegochnykh zabolevanii.

The article presents modern data about structure and function of the pulmonary surfactant system in healthy people and in patients with bronchopulmonary diseases. Information about different types of preparations of surfactant for use as the replacement surfactant therapy to treat immature newborns with respiratory distress syndrome and adult patients with acute injury of the lung is presented in the article. Exogenous surfactant "Sucrim" and "Suzakrin" medicine made in Ukraine are discussed in the article.

[Role of the pulmonary surfactant in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma]. / Rol' surfaktanta legkikh v patogeneze bronkhial'noi astmy.

The submitted data from the published literature coupled with findings from the authors' own investigations underline the importance of the part that disturbances in the system of the pulmonary surfactant have in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. This permits regarding the substitution surfactant therapy with exogenous surfactants as a pathogenetically validated treatment modality for bronchial asthma as evidenced by the first positive results of its employment.

[The role of hypoxic-hypercapnic training in reducing local protective factors of the lung in a chronic inflammatory process in bronchopulmonary tissue under experimental conditions]. / Rol' gipoksicheski-giperkapnicheskikh trenirovok v vosstanovlenii mestnykh zashchitnykh faktorov legkogo pri khronicheskom voxpalitel'nom protsesse v bronkholegochnoi tkani v éksperimente.

The effect of hypoxic-hypercapnic trainings (HHT), conducted before the induction of inflammation or started at next day after foreign body bringing, was shown in experiment on rats with chronic inflammation process in bronchopulmonary tissue. HHT conducted before the induction of inflammation in general had an favourable effect. HHT conducted later had a positive effect together with expressed negative changes, in particular worsening of inflammation process in lung.

[The experimental validation of a method for the intraoperative assessment of the degree of severity of pancreonecrosis]. / Eksperimental'noe obosnovanie sposoba intraoperatsionnoi otsenki stepeni tiazhesti pankreonekroza.

In the experiment on 35 dogs, it was established that the normal pancreas had constant bioimpedance parameters: ohmic resistance, polarization coefficient and capacitance. In development of pancreonecrosis, the capacitance increases, and the ohmic resistance and polarization coefficient decrease.

[The effect of the chemical composition of the bile and calculi on the morphological changes in the gallbladder]. / Vliianie khimicheskoho sostava zhelchi i konkrementa na morfologicheskie izmeneniia zhelchnogo puzyria.

The authors carried out a morphological study of the gallbladder wall, as well as the bile and concrements by the method of infrared spectroscopy in 54 patients (9 men, 45 women) operated on for cholelithiasis. A certain relationship was found between the morphofunctional state of the gallbladder wall and biochemical composition of the bile and concrement. This allows to use infrared spectroscopy for evaluation of the morphofunctional state of the gallbladder wall.

[Ultrastructural morphology of the air-blood barrier and pulmonary surfactant in pulmonary inflammation in experimental alcoholic intoxication]. / Ul'trastrukturnaia morfologiia aérogematicheskogo bar'era i surfaktant pri vospalenii legkikh na fone alkogol'noi intoksikatsii v éksperimente.

Combined investigation of ultrastructure of components of air-haematic barrier and surface-active properties of surfactant in 21 guinea pigs' lungs with simulated pneumonia against a background of alcoholic intoxication was carried out. It was established, that alcoholic intoxication aggravates a deficiency of pulmonary surfactant occurred in pneumonia because of its high phagocytosis with alveolar macrophages. The increase of mobilization of alveolar macrophages in alcoholic intoxication may be connected with the rise of surfactant secretion by hyperfunctional pneumocytes of the 2nd type. Stopping of alcoholic intoxication may lead to normalization of qualitative composition of surfactant phospholipids.

[Pulmonary surfactant system of newborn rats in alcoholic intoxication of pregnant rats]. / Sistema surfaktanta legkikh novorozhdennykh krysiat pri alkogol'noi intoksikatsii beremennykh samok.

Data, received in investigation of the lungs of 45 newborn rats, show, that there is the suppression of the surface active properties of surfactant in animals, born from female rats with simulated alcoholic intoxication in pregnancy period. The decrease of the surface activity of surfactant may be connected with direct injury influence of alcohol on surfactant as well as with inactivation of surfactant with serum proteins, which appear in the alveolar space because of the increase of the permeability of components of air-haematic barrier. The suppression of the surface active properties of surfactant is accompanied by reinforcement of the functional activity of the 2nd type pneumocytes and appearance of the hypertrophic forms of these cells.

[Changes in surface activity of surfactant and ultrastructure of the air-blood barrier in alcoholic intoxication in experimental animals]. / Izmeneniia poverkhnostnoi aktivnosti surfaktanta i ul'trastruktura aérogematicheskogo bar'era pri alkogol'noi intoksikatsii v éksperimente.

In the results of complex investigation of the lungs of 26 white rats, it was established, that there is the suppression of surface active properties of surfactant under influence of ethanol. In acute poisoning this suppression is associated with direct injury of surfactant with ethanol and inactivation of surfactant with serum proteins, which appear in the alveolar space because of the edema of air-haematic barrier. In prolonged influence the suppression of the surface activity of surfactant is due to the increase of its catabolism with alveolar macrophages.

[The pulmonary surfactant status in lung immaturity]. / Sostoianie surfaktanta legkikh pri ikih nezrelosti.

Combined study of lungs of 85 foetuses and newborns of various gestational age and 8 newborns dying during the first month of life showed the lung surfactant (LS) system to develop in parallel with formation of respiratory parts and lung capillary network. The level of the LS surface activity increases with the increase of the duration of pregnancy and is determined by the maturation degree of the type II alveolocytes. Changes of the surface activity of the lung extract surface-active fraction in the process of lung maturation correlate with the fractional phospholipid distribution. Morphofunctional immaturity of lungs is characterized, besides histological features, by the ultrastructural immaturity of the type II alveolocytes and biochemical immaturity of LS.

[Surface-active properties of pulmonary surfactant and the functional activity of type II alveolocytes at various times of the day under experimental conditions]. / Poverkhnostno-aktivnye svoistva surfaktanta legkikh i funktsional'naia aktivnost' al'veolotsitov II tipa v razlichnoe vremia sutok v éksperimente.

Complex examination of lungs in 24 healthy guinea pigs in different periods of day using physicochemical, biochemical and electron-microscopic methods has revealed that the highest surface activity of the pulmonary surfactant (PS) is observed in the evening and at night, as phospholipids contain the highest amount of a surfactant of the phosphatidylcholine fraction the most active in the surface-active respect. An increase in the content of PS phospholipids in this period of the day appears to be a consequence of synthesis and secretion intensification in the second-type alveolocytes, that may be due to an increased effect of the vagus nerve.

[Surfactant surface activity and ultrastructural changes in the type-II alveolocytes of fetal and neonatal lungs in experimental inflammation of the maternal lungs]. / Sostoianie poverkhnostnoi aktivnosti surfaktanta i izmeneniia ul'trastruktury al'veolotsitov II tipa legkikh plodov i novorozhdennykh pri vospalenii legkikh materi v éksperimente.

The lungs of 19 guinea pigs, born from 8 females in which acute and chronic pneumonia had been modelled by transtracheal introduction of sterile fishing-line were investigated. It was established, that in guinea pigs, born in females with acute and chronic pneumonia, the functional immaturity of pneumocytes of the 2-nd type took place. The functional immaturity of pneumocytes of the 2-nd type results in suppression of the surface active characteristics of surfactant.

[Pulmonary surfactant in guinea pigs after toxic exposure to CCl4]. / Surfaktant legkikh morskikh svinok posle toksicheskogo vozdeistviia CCl4.

The surface-active properties of lung surfactant were studied in 32 guinea pigs given CCl4 according to a schedule. The surface activity of the surfactant is inhibited in the experimental animals under the effect of hepatotrophic poison (CCl4) due to the disturbed metabolism of its phospholipids, which is a consequence of the diminished lipid-synthesizing function of the liver. Diminution of the surface-active properties of the lung surfactant and disturbance of its qualitative composition may be regarded as the cause of the development of extensive atelectases in the animals' lungs.

[Ultrastructure of the blood-air barrier in comparison with the indices of surfactant surface activity]. / Ul'trastruktura aérogematicheskogo bar'era v sopostavlenii s pokazateliami poverkhnostnoi aktivnosti surfaktanta.

Ultrastructure of the air-blood barrier and surface surfactant activity were studied at different time periods of nonspecific inflammation of the lungs in guinea pigs. The animals were sacrificed 3 days, 2 weeks and 1, 2 and 4 months after beginning of the experiment. It has been demonstrated that in early periods of lung inflammation there was edema of all components of the air-blood barrier. Subsequent development of inflammation is accompanied by surface activity decrease associated with dystrophic changes in the epithelial cells of alveoli. At the same time there are compensatory changes in the lungs, directed to eliminate deficiency of surfactant.