Subject(s)
Biopsy, Fine-Needle/methods , Lung Neoplasms/genetics , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , RNA, Neoplasm/isolation & purification , Biopsy, Fine-Needle/standards , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Organ Preservation Solutions , Polymerase Chain Reaction/standards , Reproducibility of ResultsSubject(s)
Fasciitis/diagnosis , Ischemia/diagnosis , Thigh/pathology , Aged , Female , Humans , Thigh/blood supplyABSTRACT
Systemic inflammatory response conditions are associated with capillary leak and haemodynamic compromise. Fluid resuscitation to reverse the ensuing hypovolaemia is, however, complicated by the decreased endothelium reflection coefficient to albumin and other colloids. We developed PEG-Alb (albumin covalently linked to polyethylene glycol) as a potential resuscitative agent. PEG was covalently linked to human albumin at multiple sites on the protein. The modified protein was heterogeneous when examined by SDS/PAGE, size-exclusion chromatography and SELDI-TOF MS (surface-enhanced laser-desorption ionization-time of flight MS). Based on size-exclusion chromatography and osmotic pressure data, the effective volume of PEG-Alb is increased 13- to 16-fold compared with unmodified albumin. In an LPS (lipopolysaccharide) model of shock, rats treated with PEG-Alb showed better blood pressure, lower Hct (haematocrit) consistent with haemodilution and less lung injury than rats treated with unmodified albumin or saline. In a CLP (caecal ligation and puncture) model of sepsis, PEG-Alb was more effective than albumin or saline in maintaining blood pressure and in decreasing Hct. When fluorescein-labelled PEG-Alb and Texas Red-labelled albumin were administered to rats with LPS- or CLP-induced shock, PEG-Alb was retained within blood vessels, whereas albumin extravasates into the interstitial space. Based on these data, PEG-Alb appears to be retained within blood vessels in models of capillary leak. PEG-Alb may ultimately be effective in the clinical treatment of shock associated with capillary leak.
Subject(s)
Albumins , Fluid Therapy/methods , Plasma Substitutes , Polyethylene Glycols , Shock, Septic/therapy , Animals , Cecum/injuries , Male , Models, Animal , Plasma Substitutes/isolation & purification , Rats , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Granular cell tumors (GCT) are uncommon, usually benign, neoplasms that are thought to derive from Schwann cells of the peripheral nerves. They can originate anywhere in the body but are most frequently found in the head and neck, particularly in the oral cavity. When they are located in the breast, as may occur in 5-8 per cent of cases, the clinical and pathologic appearance is similar to that of a malignant tumor. Immunohistochemical analysis, including reactivity for periodic acid-Schiff, CD68, and S100 and negative reactivity for cytokeratin, is required for definitive diagnosis. Awareness of this tumor's unique characteristics might aid in differentiating it from the more common malignant tumors of the breast.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Granular Cell Tumor/pathology , Biopsy, Needle , Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Granular Cell Tumor/diagnostic imaging , Granular Cell Tumor/surgery , Humans , Mammography , Mastectomy, Segmental , Middle AgedSubject(s)
Brenner Tumor/complications , Pelvic Neoplasms/complications , Urethral Obstruction/etiology , Urinary Retention/etiology , Aged , Brenner Tumor/pathology , Calcinosis , Female , Humans , Pelvic Neoplasms/pathology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Urinary Bladder/diagnostic imaging , Urinary Bladder/pathologyABSTRACT
Morphological analysis of cytologic samples obtained by fine-needle aspirate (FNA) or bronchoscopy is an important method for diagnosing bronchogenic carcinoma. However, this approach has only about 65 to 80% diagnostic sensitivity. Based on previous studies, the c-myc x E2F-1/p21WAF1/CIP1 (p21 hereafter) gene expression index is highly sensitive and specific for distinguishing normal from malignant bronchial epithelial tissues. In an effort to improve sensitivity of diagnosing lung cancer in cytologic specimens, we used Standardized Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (StaRT-PCR) to measure the c-myc x E2F-1/p21 index in cDNA samples from 14 normal lung samples (6 normal lung parenchyma and 8 normal bronchial epithelial cell [NBEC] biopsies), and 16 FNA biopsies from 14 suspected tumors. Based on cytomorphologic criteria, 11 of the 14 suspected tumors were diagnosed as bronchogenic carcinoma and three specimens were non-diagnostic. Subsequent biopsy samples confirmed that the three non-diagnostic samples were derived from lung carcinomas. The index value for each bronchogenic carcinoma was above a cut-off value of 7000 and the index value of all but one normal sample was below 7000. Thus the c-myc x E2F-1/p21 index may augment cytomorphologic diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma biopsy samples, particularly those considered non-diagnostic by cytomorphologic criteria.
Subject(s)
Biopsy, Needle , Cell Cycle Proteins , Cyclins/genetics , DNA-Binding Proteins , Genes, myc , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Transcription Factors/genetics , Aged , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 , E2F Transcription Factors , E2F1 Transcription Factor , Female , Gene Expression , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/genetics , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sensitivity and SpecificitySubject(s)
Bone Neoplasms/pathology , Ilium , Osteochondroma/pathology , Adult , Bone Neoplasms/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Osteochondroma/diagnosisSubject(s)
Bone Neoplasms , Leg , Pain/etiology , Sarcoma, Ewing , Adult , Bone Neoplasms/complications , Bone Neoplasms/diagnosis , Fibula , Humans , Male , Pain/pathology , Sarcoma, Ewing/complications , Sarcoma, Ewing/diagnosisABSTRACT
A 26-year-old veiled Saudi-Arabian woman presented with hemoptysis, and multiple nodules and abscesses. A skin biopsy specimen revealed yeast forms consistent with Blastomyces dermatitidis. Fungal cultures from bronchoscopy and skin specimens also grew B dermatitidis. She was treated with oral itraconazole (200 mg twice a day). Both lung and skin lesions showed improvement within 6 weeks.
