[Vestibular rehabilitation for peripheral vestibular hypofunction: an interdisciplinary consensus]. / Vestibulyarnaya reabilitatsiya pri perifericheskoi vestibulyarnoi gipofunktsii: mezhdistsiplinarnyi konsensus.

The literature review presents approaches to the management of patients with vestibular disorders. The principles of organization of vestibular rehabilitation in peripheral vestibular hypofunction, indications for appointment, factors influencing its implementation, technique, methods of evaluating effectiveness are considered in detail. Attention is drawn to the fact that the selection of exercises and the duration of vestibular rehabilitation is carried out individually and depends on many factors, including the nature of vestibular deficiency and the specific characteristics of the patient. The possibilities of using additional pharmacological therapy with histamine preparations, which can accelerate the onset of vestibular compensation, are shown. It is noted that vestibular rehabilitation is a safe and effective method of treating peripheral vestibular hypofunction and should be recommended to patients of all ages with vestibular disorders leading to limited social and physical activity.

[The role of the phenosanic acid in the combined treatment of patients with epilepsy]. / Rol' fenozanovoi kisloty v lechenii patsientov s epilepsiei.

Epilepsy is one of the most studied chronic neurological disorders in the world. Despite significant progress in epilepsy research, some patients continue to experience recurrent seizures. It has been proven that oxidative stress plays an important role in epilepsy. Targeting oxidative stress may provide a novel therapeutic intervention to attenuate epileptogenesis as well as cognitive and psychiatric impairment in patients with epilepsy. One of the promising directions in the search for new strategies for the treatment of epilepsy is the combined use of antiepileptic drugs with antioxidants that affect the pathogenetic links of this disease. The new Russian antiepileptic drug fenosanoic acid (Dibufelon) has an anticonvulsant effect due to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation of brain cells and the reconstruction of cell membranes. This mechanism of action also paves the way for an increase in the effectiveness of co-administered drugs with phenosanoic acid. The effect of the drug on the cognitive and mental functions of patients, the regression of asthenia phenomena is also observed. The clinical efficacy and safety of the combination of this drug with other antiepileptic drugs in epilepsy has been demonstrated in experimental and clinical studies.

The use of pectins as part of a cryoprotective solution for long-term storage of human platelet concentrates.

BACKGROUND: Pectins have unique properties and great potential to become an indispensable component of cryoprotective environment for platelet freezing. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possibility of including pectins (apple pectin AU-701, tanacetan) into the composition of a cryoprotective solution for platelets during low-temperature storage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples of platelet concentrates (PC) were frozen under the protection of complex solutions and stored in an electric freezer at -80 degree C for 1 and 6 months. RESULT: The study showed that of the basic cryoprotectants, the best effect in the preservation of PC was with dimethylacetamide (DMAC). The use of pectins as an additive to the base solution of DMAC statistically improves the preservation of PC after exposure to low temperatures (-80 degree C) for 30 and 180 days. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that DMAC is more promising as a basis for the development of a new combined cryoprotectant for PC freezing. Moreover, the chemical structure of pectin determines the level of its cryoprotective action in relation to the preservation of PC. doi.org/10.54680/fr22610110312.

Application of Pectin from Aloe arborescens Mill. to the Cryopreservation of Human Leukocyte Cell Suspensions.

BACKGROUND: The molecular weight (MW) of pectic polysaccharide АА3 equal to 150 kDa and its structure suggest that it has a non-permeating protector action. OBJECTIVE: To study the ability of low methylesterified galacturonan АА3, extracted from Aloe arborescens Mill., to influence the cryoprotective properties of the refrigerant in the cryopreservation of leukocytes (-20°Ð¡, -80°Ð¡). METHODS: Pectic polysaccharide АА3 was extracted from fresh leaves using a 0.7% (w/w) solution of ammonium oxalate. The cryoscopic method was used to study its ability in different concentrations (0.1-1% w/v) in a mixture with glycerol to change the osmolarity and freezing temperature of the venous blood. Venous blood was protected with a comprehensive cryopreservative solution (3.5 % glycerol + 0.1 % pectic polysaccharide АА3) and stored at -20°C and -80°C for 1 and 7 days. RESULT: The cryoprotective properties of glycerol solution (3.5%) containing AA3 at 0.1 to 1.0% led to a decrease in the osmolarity of venous blood and accelerated the process of water freezing. So, these solutions act as nucleators. A solution of AA3 (0.1%) and glycerol (3.5%) improves the morphological preservation of granulocytes, resistance of cell membranes to eosin and phagocytic activity of neutrophils after -20°C storage for 7 days. CONCLUSIONS: The addition to glycerol solution (3.5%) of pectic polysaccharide АА3 (0.1%) may facilitate the formation of a three-dimensional network of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the functional groups of pectin (mainly carboxyl) and hydroxyl groups of polyhydric alcohol. Better linkage of cellular water molecules in the biological specimen may improve cryoprotection.

PCR-based detection of EGFR, ALK, KRAS and BRAF mutations in Russian patients with lung adenocarcinoma: a single-center experience.

In contrast to other countries with predominantly white populations, Russian smoking-related lung cancers (LC) are mainly squamous cell carcinomas and approximately half lung adenocarcinomas (AdCa) are not related to tobacco consumption. Given that smoking significantly influences the probability of presence of actionable mutations in LC, one would expect that Russian lung AdCa patients would differ from other white populations in distribution of EGFR, ALK, KRAS and BRAF mutations. Herein, 2,336 consecutive lung AdCa cases, including 1,203 patients with known smoking status, were subjected to sequential testing for the above mutations. One quarter of lung AdCa patients carried either EGFR or ALK mutation with combined prevalence of 42% in those who had never smoked but only 8% in smokers. There was only a moderate difference in KRAS mutation frequency between ever- and never-smokers in EGFR/ALK-negative cases (31% vs. 23%), and this was mainly attributed to increased prevalence of G12C substitution in the former group. The occurrence of BRAF V600E mutation was 1.7% and 4% in EGFR/ALK/KRAS mutation-negative ever- and never-smokers, respectively. ALK testing of 470 EGFR-mutated tumors revealed only 1 (0.2%) instance of translocation. Similarly, KRAS testing identified 1 (1.25%) mutation in 80 EGFR-mutated AdCa and none in 48 ALK-rearranged AdCa. Therefore, concurrent actionable mutations in lung adenocarcinoma are exceptionally rare and sequential gene testing can be regarded as a reliable option.

Application of Pectin From Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth to the Cryopreservation of Human Leucocyte Cell Suspensions.

　　BACKGROUND: Due to their valuable medicinal properties and high physiological activity, plant polysaccharides are currently being extensively studied. OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to investigate rauwolfian (pectin for Rauvolfia serpentina) supplementation on human leukocytes cryopreservation. We determined the сharacteristics of leukocytes undergoing freezing with pectin at different temperatures. METHODS: Donor leukocytes were frozen under the protection of comprehensive cryoprotectant solution and stored in electrical freezers (-20C, -40C, -80C). RESULT: A regular decrease of all values starting from a higher temperature (-20С) through to the lower temperature (-80С) was identified. The study showed that pectin rauwolfian stimulated both the oxygen-independent and the oxygen-dependent killer response. We also found that the oxygen-dependent neutrophil killer effect was reduced as the storage temperature was lowered. It was determined that the LPO levels in the cells with added pectin-containing solutions remained the same before freezing, while their antioxidant activity positively increased, which is beneficial for neutrophils for their further freezing to -20C, -40C and -80C. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study make it possible to assume that rauwolfian, a pectin extracted from Rauvolfia serpentina, has an exocellular protectant effect as part of cryopreservative solution on human white blood cells stored at different low temperatures. The versatility of the substance is probably due to the degree of the macromolecule branching, in particular, the structure of carbohydrate side chains, which contain a large number of hydroxyl groups.

Comparative Study of Pygidial Organization in Polychaetes of the Families Nephtyidae and Syllidae.

The first comparative study of the polychaete pygidial region has been performed using confocal scanning microscopy and immunohistochemical methods. Fundamentally new data has been obtained on the pygidial organization in representatives the Nephtyidae and Syllidae families. Despite differences in the overall morphology of pygidium, it is characterized by a certain structural plan as a whole that can be the basis for that of all polychaetes. Some insignificant differences in the pygidial structure can be either species-specific or consequences of mutations and seem to have no fundamental importance for the general organization.

Spectrum of APC and MUTYH germ-line mutations in Russian patients with colorectal malignancies.

Distribution of cancer-predisposing mutations demonstrates significant interethnic variations. This study aimed to evaluate patterns of APC and MUTYH germ-line mutations in Russian patients with colorectal malignancies. APC gene defects were identified in 26/38 (68%) subjects with colon polyposis; 8/26 (31%) APC mutations were associated with 2 known mutational hotspots (p.E1309Dfs*4 [n = 5] and p.Q1062fs* [n = 3]), while 6/26 (23%) mutations were novel (p.K73Nfs*6, p.S254Hfs*12, p.S1072Kfs*9, p.E1547Kfs*11, p.L1564X and p.C1263Wfs*22). Biallelic mutations in MUTYH gene were detected in 3/12 (25%) remaining subjects with polyposis and in 6/90 (6.7%) patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) carrying KRAS p.G12C substitution, but not in 231 early-onset CRC cases negative for KRAS p.G12C allele. In addition to known European founder alleles p.Y179C and p.G396D, this study revealed a recurrent character of MUTYH p.R245H germ-line mutation. Besides that, 3 novel pathogenic MUTYH alleles (p.L111P, p.R245S and p.Q293X) were found. Targeted next-generation sequencing of 7 APC/MUTYH mutation-negative DNA samples identified novel potentially pathogenic POLD1 variant (p.L460R) in 1 patient and known low-penetrant cancer-associated allele CHEK2 p.I157T in 3 patients. The analysis of 1120 healthy subjects revealed 15 heterozygous carriers of recurrent MUTYH mutations, thus the expected incidence of MUTYH-associated polyposis in Russia is likely to be 1:23 000.

Comparative analysis of the nervous system structure of polymorphic zooids in marine bryozoans.

The nervous system structure was compared for the first time in avicularia and vibracula in seven species of the cheilostome bryozoans from six families by immunohistochemical methods and confocal scanning microscopy. Regardless of significant differences in heterozooid shape, size, and position in a colony, their muscular and nervous systems have a common structure, which suggests their parallel evolution.

Distribution of serotonin and FMRF-amide in the nervous system of different zooidal types of cheilostome bryozoa: A case study of Arctonula arctica.

In the White Sea bryozoans Arctonula arctica, the structure of the nervous system and distribution of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and FMRF-amide were studied for the first time using immunohistochemical methods and confocal scanning microscopy. The neurotransmitters studied have been actively involved into the integrative processes, gut functioning, and regulation of motion activity. In avicularia, 5-HT and FMRF-amide receptors are capable of performing the same functions, except for participation in the gut functioning, because they have no digestive system.

VITAMIN D3 CONTRIBUTION TO THE REGULATION OF OXIDATIVE METABOLISM IN THE LIVER OF DIABETIC MICE.

This work is devoted to the study of the features of oxidative metabolism of hepatocytes in diabetic mice and those under the vitamin D3 action. We found out that a 2.5-fold decrease of 25OHD3 content in the serum was caused by chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes. Intensification of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen monoxide (NO) production, protein oxidative modifications (detected by the contents of carbonyl groups and 3-nitrotyrosine), accumulation of diene conjugates and TBA-reactive products of lipid peroxidation, and the decreased level of free SH-groups of low molecular weight compounds in the liver were accompanied by development of vitamin D3 deficient state. It was shown that there was a decrease in the key antioxidant enzymes activity (catalase, SOD), while the activity of prooxidant enzymes NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase, xanthine oxidase and NAD(P)H oxidase was increased. The identified oxidative metabolism lesions caused the elevation of the hepatocytes necrotic death that was tested for the ability of their nuclei to accumulate propidium iodide. Prolonged vitamin D3 administration (during 2 months) at a dose of 20 IU to diabetic mice helps to reduce the ROS formation and biomacromolecules oxidative damage, normalizes the antioxidant system state in the liver and increases survival of hepatocytes. The results suggest that vitamin D3 is a key player in the regulation of the oxidative metabolism in diabetes.

[Allelic Composition in the VRN-A1, VRN-B1, and VRN-B3 Genes of Double Haploid Lines of Hexaploid Triticale].

Vernalization genes are associated with the adaptation capability, heading dates, and yield potential of grain crops. The allelic composition in the Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, and Vrn-B3 genes was defined in 42 lines of double haploids of hexaploid triticale, which were produced through in vitro anther culture. Two alleles (Vrn-A1a and vrn-A1) were found at the Vrn-A1[ital] locus and three alleles (Vrn-B1a, Vrn-B1c, and vrn-B1) were found at the Vrn-B1 locus. All double haploids carried the recessive allele at the Vrn-B3[ital] locus. Twelve lines of spring triticale were selected, and they were characterized by an allelic composition associated with early maturity and high potential of grain yield.

Effect of In Vitro Cold Exposure on Phagocytic Activity of Human Peripheral Blood Neutrophils.

Experiments on peripheral blood leukocytes from healthy donors using the biochemiluminescent method demonstrated the possibility of in vitro modulating phagocytic activity of neutrophils by cold exposure. Cold exposure at 2°C for 30 min increased phagocytic activity of cells, while slow cooling to -2°C reduced it.

Biochemical markers of bone collagen type I metabolism.

This review focuses on the analysis of diagnostic value of the major bone remodeling markers, in particular synthesis and degradation markers of collagen type I. These include carboxy- and aminoterminal telopeptide, carboxy- and aminoterminal propeptide of procollagen type I, hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine, pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline. Their measurement allows evaluating the structural and functional conditions and also the rate of metabolic processes in the bone tissue. The advantages and disadvantages of determination of these markers in the condition of different bone diseases were examined. It is shown that determination of bone collagen type I metabolism markers is the most informative for assessment of bone resorption, formation and turnover.

[Effect of inert gas xenon on the functional state of nucleated cells of peripheral blood during freezing].

A new method of preservation of nucleated cells in the electric refrigerator with xenon. After slow freezing and storage is even one day at -80 °C persists for more than 60% leukocytes. Cell membranes are resistant to the vital dye. In 85% of granulocytes stored baseline lysosomal-cationic protein, reduced lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity. Cryopreservation of biological objects in inert gases is a promising direction in the practice of medicine and can be an alternative to the traditional method using liquid nitrogen.

Aldehydes participation in oxidative stress in rat thymocytes in vitro.

A variety of lipid radicals are formed under oxidative stress development. The further oxidation of these radicals leads to formation of numerous aldehydes. They can form postsynthetic modifications in proteins and nucleic acids that disrupt their functions. In the present study aldehydes role in the formation of oxidative stress parameters in rat thymocytes was investigated. Two models were used: iron-stimulated oxidative stress and exogenous aldehydes exposure to thymocytes. For oxidative stress induction, thymocytes (2 x 10(6) cells/ml HBSS, pH 7.2) were exposed to different concentrations of FeSO4 (20, 30, 40 microM) and ascorbic acid (100 microM) for 6 h. It resulted in increase of levels of aldehydes 29 times (90 +/- 6 nmol/10(7) cells), these changes led to increase of TBARS levels 4.4 times; the levels of protein CO groups 10 times, cell mitochondrial activity and low-molecular weight SH groups were decreased 1.5 and 2.3 times, respectively. Treatment with aldehydes acceptor dimedone (200 microM) significantly decreased the levels of aldehydes 3.7 times, TBARS 1.6 times and protein CO groups 5 times. It was shown that the levels of cell mitochondrial activity increase 1.4 times and the levels of SH groups 1.8 times. To compare the effects of aldehydes in induction of oxidative stress, thymocytes (2 x 10(6) cells/ml HBSS, pH 7.2) were exposed to 50-600 microM formaldehyde (FA), 50-600 microM glyoxal (GL), 50-600 microM methylglyoxal (MGL), 1-15 microM acrolein (ACR) for 6 h. TBARS levels were increased for FA 1.3 times and for other aldehydes about 5-7 times. The levels of protein CO groups were increase for FA 3.7 times, for MGL 7 times, for GL 13 times, for ACR 22 times. Levels of SH groups were decreased for FA 1.5 times, for MGL 2.6 times, for GL 3 times, for ACR 9 times. A decrease of cell mitochondrial activity 1.5 times observe for all aldehydes. Obtained results prove the aldehydes participation in the formation of oxidative stress parameters and their capability to oxidative stress induction in the rat thymocytes.

The use of inert gas xenon for cryopreservation of leukocytes.

We studied the possibility of cryopreservation of human blood nuclear cells under protection with inert gas xenon. A method for inducing clathrate anabiosis of leukocytes was developed that preserved the cells for practical use in biology and medicine.

[Post of atmospheric air control for the presence of pathogenic biological agents and its significance in the system of biological threat counteraction].

Contemporary experience of organization of atmospheric air monitoring for the presence of pathogenic biological agents (PBA) is generalized in the article. Proposals for the use of posts of atmospheric air control during mass events are presented. Issues of equipping the instrument base for air sampling and PBA detection are examined.