[Biological preparations with different mechanism of action for protecting potato against fungal diseases].

Mycological analysis throughout the vegetation period of potato (Solanum tuberosum) made it possible to study in detail the structure of micromycete community, to determine typical dominant (frequency, more than 60%), typical common (frequency, 30 to 60%), typical rare (frequency, 10 to 30%), and casual (frequency, less than 10%) species and to estimate changes in the microorganism community caused by plant protection preparations with different mechanisms of action. It was shown that, as a result of occurrence of resistant forms, synthetic preparations against fungal pathogens of potato (such as TMTD, Ridomil gold MC, and Cupricol) were only slightly more effective than biological preparations (Trichodermin and AgroChit), with the former considerably changing the natural saprophytic mycological community. An increase in the soil pool of Trichoderma harzianum as a result of application of a biological preparation based on this antagonistic fungus correlated with its effectiveness against the soil pathogen Fusarium sp., which causes root rots. A chitosan-based elicitor preparation more effectively suppressed the development of early (Alternaria sp. and Macrosporium sp.) and late (Phytophthora sp.) blights of leaves and had a weaker effect on the soil microflora.

[Influence of Bacillus intermedius RNAse on growth-stimulating and antagonistic characteristics of Trichoderma harzianum]. / Vliianie rnkazy Bacillus intermedius na roststimuliruiushchie i antagonisticheskie svor'stva Trichoderma harzianum.

Bacillus intermedius RNAase (with specific activity of 1,000,000 units per one mg of protein) at concentration of 1 x 10(-3) mg/ml was shown to increase antagonistic and growth-stimulating properties of Trichoderma harzianum. An application of trichodermin which was treated with an enzyme enhanced cucumber crop capacity by 15-18% in industrial conditions.

[The formation of an immune response in volunteers inoculated with a live recombinant influenza vaccine]. / Formirovanie immunnogo otveta u dobrovol'tsev, privitykh zhivoi grippoznoi rekombinantnoi vaktsinoi.

The capacity of a live influenza vaccine (LIV) to stimulate cytotoxic cells (ADCMC and NK) was studied in 49 volunteers and 56 patients with influenza. Experimental batches of LIV from influenza A and B viruses prepared by genetic recombination on the basis of cold-adapted attenuation donors were used. Type A and B LIV were shown to stimulate the cytotoxic cell-mediated and humoral immunity; the intensity of immune response, however, depended on the molecular genetic characteristics of the vaccine (genome structure, properties of the donor of attenuation), its biological activity and capacity of reproduction in tissues.

[Development of neurons in dissociated culture of the cranial cervical ganglion]. / Razvitie neironov v dissotsiirovannoi kul'ture kranial'nogo sheinogo gangliia.

Development of the sympathetic neurons of the dissociated cranial cervical ganglia taken from newborn rats has been studied in tissue culture. Vital microscopical, histological, histochemical and electrophysiological methods have been used, as well as an automatic morpho- and cytospectrometrical computer analysis. Active processes of the neurocyte regeneration and development begin on the 3d-4th day of cultivation. Average areas of the cellular body optic cross section increase more than two times, and an average size of nuclei-1.8 times. Some processes appear. An active synthesis of catecholamines takes place, its location coinciding with the forming chromatophilic substance zones. The end of the first and the beginning of the second week of cultivation is characterized with an active growth of processes, with formation of a complex neuropil, with differentiation of the neurite terminal parts. Catecholamines are displaced towards the processes. A spike activity to the intracellular electric stimulation appears. The first intraneuronal contacts are established. At the end of the second and during the third week the cells reach their maximal size. The ratio of the cytoplasm cross section area to the nuclear cross section reaches its constant level. The catecholamines concentration in the neuronal soma corresponds to its maximal values. Chromatophilic substance and the neurofibrillar apparatus are formed. On the neuronal soma pericellulars are formed. There are not any essential changes after the third week of incubation.

[Role of genetic factors in the epidemic process in respiratory viral infections]. / Rol' geneticheskikh faktorov v épidemicheskom protsesse pri respiratornykh virusnykh infektsiiakh.

Observations carried out during 1973-1979 indicate that persons, who are frequently ill, determine the incidence of influenza and acute respiratory diseases among various groups of adult population at all epidemic periods. In constantly observed groups of different ages such persons were the source of 60-85% of the outbreaks of acute respiratory diseases. The correlation between genotypic blood markers (the ABO and HLA systems) and susceptibility to respiratory viruses has been established.

[Variability of the virulent properties of influenza A viruses in recombination]. / Izmenchivost' virulentnykh svoistv virusov grippa A pri rekombinatsii.

The pattern of redistribution of human virulence in epidemic strains of influenza viruses in recombination with human avirulent strains was studied. In the course of recombination of epidemic and attenuated influenza virus strains variants with different human virulence were obtained. Some recombinants manifested enforced reactogenic properties as compared with the epidemic strain (X/28, M/35, and 0/26--H1N1, and 2P--H3N2). At the same time, recombinants No 19 (H1N1) and 1P (H3N2) with a similar set of surface antigens were innocuous for man after intranasal administration. Using the observed differences in sensitivity to remantadine as a marker of recombination, we obtained several sets of recombinants which had the antigenic structure of surface proteins of epidemic viruses and remantadine sensitivity of the other parent.

[Amino acid makeup characteristics of bacteria utilizing nonnatural compounds]. / Osobennosti aminokislotnogo sostava u bakterii, utiliziruiushchikh neprirodnye soedineniia.

A peculiarity of the amino acid pool has been discovered for the first time in bacteria utilizing such synthetic compounds as gamma butyrolactam, epsilon-caprolactam and zeta-aminoenanthic acid. The main components of the amino acid pool are omega-aminoacids (including synthetic ones) as well as glutamic acid. The total amino acid content increases upon utilization of the compounds being tested three times (Pseudomonas fluorescens), five times (Pseudomonas dacunchae) and seven times (Pseudomonas perolens) as compared to the control variants. These data suggest that hydrolysis and transamination of synthetic omega-amino acids play an important role in the constructive and energy metabolism of the bacteria under study.

[Alpha-ketoglutaric acid transamination of synthetic omega-amino acids in bacteria]. / Pereaminirovanie neprirodnykh omega-aminokislot s alpha-ketoglutarovoi kislotoi u bakterii.

Bacteria utilizing synthetic lactams and omega-amino acids contain enzymes involved in transamination of epsilon-aminocaproic, zeta-aminoenanthic, eta-aminocaprilic acids with alpha-ketoglutaric acid. Natural and synthetic omega-amino acids are not inductors of the synthesis of corresponding transaminases. A strain of Pseudomonas dacunchae has been selected; it possesses an elevated activity of transamination of synthetic omega-amino acids, including zeta-aminoenanthic and eta-aminocaprilic acids.