[Adrenergic mechanisms in the formation of adaptive response of different tissues]. / Adrenergicheskie mekhanizmy v formirovanii adaptatsionnogo otveta razlichnykh tkanei.

The proliferative tissue activity of the small intestine, kidney, liver and submandibular salivary gland was studied in 10-h immobilization after blocking peripheral beta-adrenoreceptors by obsidan. It is shown that the proliferation increased in all the tissues examined, except the submandibular gland. The injection of obsidan before and during immobilization led to a decrease and delay of DNA synthesis (the intestine, liver), short-term proliferative inhibition (kidney), to stimulation of stress-inhibited proliferation (submandibular gland). It is suggested that the pattern of tissue adaptive response is defined by beta-adrenergic mechanisms.

[The specificity of the mechanisms regulating hematopoiesis under different extreme exposures]. / K voprosu o spetsifichnosti mekhanizmov reguliatsii krovetvorenii a pri razlichnykh ékstremal'nykh vozdeistviiakh.

The reactions of the hematopoietic tissue and the mechanisms of their development were studied in rats during blood loss and when they were suspended on the neck fold. The mechanisms of hematopoiesis regulation were found to be similar in principle in exposure to different stresses: activation of the erythropoietin system and increase of blood serum colony-stimulating activity occurred in both cases.

[A program to lower perinatal morbidity and mortality in women with multiple pregnancies]. / Programma snizheniia perinatal'noi zabolevaemosti i smertnosti u zhenshchin s mnogoplodiem.

A total of 511 females with multiple pregnancy (486 with twins and 25 with triplets) were examined for the nature of fetal development, and management of pregnancy, labor and postpartum period. An early diagnosis was found to play a decisive role in the implementation of therapeutical and preventive measures. A classification of the prenatal development of monozygotic twins was presented. It was shown that the optimal management of pregnancy in multiple-pregnant females was effective in relation to the time of employing the basic components of the program. It was demonstrated that the active management of labour was important in multiple pregnancy; the results of clinical trials of this procedure were also provided. In terms of the risk for perinatal morbidity and mortality, three groups were identified, these may include females with multiple pregnancy. Implementing the proposed treatment-and-prevention measures showed that perinatal morbidity and mortality rates in multiple pregnancy might be substantially reduced.

[Blood system responses in inflammation and mechanisms of their development]. / Reaktsii sistemy krovi pri vospalenii i mekhanizmy ikh razvitiia.

A model of acute infectious peritonitis in mice demonstrated that the inflammation is attended by marked biphasic activation of bone-marrow granulomonocytopoiesis and that the activation is due in many respects to increased functional activity of elements forming the hemopoiesis-inducing microenvironment. This was suggested by increased colony-stimulating activity of the marrow mononuclear cells and the content of hemopoietic islets in the marrow. The colony-stimulating activity of peripheral blood also increased. It was established that inflammation is also characterized by activation of bone-marrow erythropoiesis, which is linked with increased erythropoietic activity of the hemopoiesis-inducing microenvironment and blood. There was a relation between the hemopoietic changes and the kinetics of leukocytes in the focus of inflammation.

[Methods of isolating hematopoiesis islets from the bone marrow]. / Metody vydeleniia gemopoéticheskikh ostrovkov kostnogo mozga.

The effectiveness of the enzymatic and mechanical methods for isolation of hemopoietic islets (HI) from rat bone marrow was comparatively studied. It has been shown that the use of collagenase brings higher yields of HI than the mechanical treatment of bone marrow, mainly at the expense of associations containing no central phagocytizing macrophages. When the mechanical method of HI isolation was used, erythroid islets associated with mononuclear phagocytes prevailed, while with the enzymatic method mainly erythro-granulocytic islets associated with macrophages or reticular cells were isolated. It has been suggested that granulocytic and erythro-granulocytic associations are less resistant to the mechanical treatment.

[Isolated symplasts and stromal syncytial buds of the normal human placenta at 6 to 14 weeks of pregnancy]. / Izolirovannye simplasty i stromal'nye sintsitial'nye pochki normal'noi platsenty cheloveka pri 6--14 nedeliakh beremennosti.

Formation of isolated symplasts (IS) ("deported trophoblast", according to English nomenclature) and stromal syncytial buds (SSB) has been studied in 10 normal patients at pregnancy of 6-14 weeks by means of the indirect immunoperoxidase method. Monoclonal antibodies against beta-subunit of the human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG), serial paraffin slices, stained with hematoxylin-eosin, semithin slices, stained with toluidin blue-pyronine and scanning electron microscopy have been used. A great amount of syncytiotrophoblastic processes and IS, analogous by their structure to syncytiotrophoblast are revealed. Presence of beta-HCG in the syncytiotrophoblast and its absence in the cytotrophoblast are proved. Concentration of beta-HCG in the IS is higher than in the syncytiotrophoblast of the villi. Maximal concentration of beta-HCG in the SSB is described for the first time. The functional role of the IS and SSB is discussed in the system mother-placenta-fetus.

[The participation of opiatergic mechanisms in the regulation of bone marrow hematopoiesis in stress]. / Uchastie opiatergicheskikh mekhanizmov v reguliatsii kostnomozgovogo krovetvoreniia pri stresse.

It is shown that immobilization stress intensifies functional activity of hematopoietic precursor cells, which leads to the development of medullary hyperplasia. Injection of dalargin into immobilized animals as well as its addition to the culture medium in producing clones of myelokaryocytes derived from donors subjected to stress in vitro reduces the colony- and cluster-forming activity of bone marrow cells and causes suppression of erythro- and granulocytopoiesis. Naloxone abolishes the suppressive effect of dalargin in vivo and in vitro but at the same time attenuates bone marrow hyperplasia in stress. It is suggested that naloxone may block both the stimulating and the inhibiting effect of enkephalins on hematopoiesis in stress.

[Characteristics of placental development in multiple pregnancy]. / Osobennosti razvitiia platsent pri mnogoplodnoi beremennosti.

Based on the morphological and clinical investigations, the authors defined various placental structures of 68 females with multiple pregnancies. The correlation between the structure of the placenta and the type of the prenatal development of the fetuses was established.

[The role of endogenous enkephalins in the regulation of bone marrow hematopoiesis in stress]. / Ob uchastii éndogennykh énkefalinov v reguliatsii kostno- mozgovogo krovetvoreniia pri stresse.

A study was made of the effect of the enkephalinase inhibitor D-phenylalanine on hematopoiesis during the immobilization stress. The long-term treatment with D-phenylalanine before the immobilization stress resulted in a significant increase of plasma ley-enkephalin in mice during the first day after exposure. Later the inhibition of bone marrow hyperplasia was recorded. There were no changes in hematopoiesis provided D-phenylalanine was injected after the immobilization. It is suggested that endogenous enkephalins may take part in the regulation of hematopoiesis at the early period of the stress reaction formation.

[Regulatory effects of opioid peptides on bone marrow hematopoiesis in stress]. / Reguliatornye vliianiia opioidnykh peptidov na kostnomozgovoe krovetvorenie pri stresse.

It was shown that inhibition of bone marrow hyperplasia disappear due to injection of leu-enkephalin and dalargin as well as the increase of plasma leu-enkephalin by means of D-phenylalanine on the immobilized mice. The effect of enkephalin on hematopoietic precursor cells may be realized by inhibition of T-lymphocytes migration to bone marrow. Besides, direct specific influence of dalargin on myelokaryocytes is observed.

[Food allergy in patients with atopic dermatitis studied using the allergen-specific IgE-FAST test]. / Izuchenie pishchevoi allergii u bol'nykh atopicheskim dermatitom s pomoshch'iu allergenspetsificheskogo IgE-FAST testa.

Alimentary allergy has been studied in 16 patients with atopic dermatitis and in 4 ones with common psoriasis (a reference group) by measuring the concentrations of specific and total immunoglobulin E with the 3M IgE fluoroallergosorbent test. The method has proved to be highly sensitive for the detection of IgE-dependent alimentary allergy contributing much to the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis.

[Modulating effect of opioid peptides on hemopoiesis in stress]. / Moduliruiushchee vliianie opioidnykh peptidov na gemopoéz pri stresse.

The influence of leu-enkephalin and dalargin on the blood system was studied during immobilization stress in mice. The early transmitted reactions of the peripheral blood were shown to decrease upon single drug infusions after immobilization. At later terms the activation of bone marrow hematopoiesis was not registered in mice receiving opioid peptides in contrast to the control animals. It correlates with drug-induced decrease in the mitotic activity of bone-marrow cells. Suppressive effect of opioids on hematopoiesis during stress was connected with their decreasing effect on corticosteroid level in the animal plasma. The latter can suggest indirect influence of enkephalins on bone marrow hematopoiesis in immobilization stress.

[Variants of pathological immaturity of the placenta and their role in fetal development]. / Varianty patologicheskoi nezrelosti platsenty i ikh rol' v razvitii ploda.

Morphologic evaluation of 125 placentas in various pregnancy and neonatal disturbances versus 46 normal placentas of different gestation provided the basis for recognition of 4 basic variants of the villous tree immaturity. Variant I is marked by embryonal villi close in structure to the villi of normal placentas (8-12 weeks gestation). Variant II presents intermediate immature and mature branches demonstrating the morphology of mean-caliber placental villi (13-28 weeks gestation). Variant III involves irregular sclerosed villi (23-24 weeks gestation). These variants are concerned with pathologic placental immaturity. There is also another variant which is confirmed by the evidence gained and can be related to a borderline condition between health and pathology--dissociated placentation. A favourable neonatal prognosis depends on a large amount of terminal special villi and compensatory placental angiomatosis.

[Modulating effect of enkephalins on hemopoieis under stress]. / O moduliruiushchem vliianii énkefalinov na gemopoéz pri stresse.

The influence of enkephalins on the medullary hemopoiesis has been studied during stress reaction in noninbred mice. It was shown that leu-enkephalin administration suppressed, while met-enkephalin injection stimulated granulocyto- and erythropoiesis during immobilization stress.