The frequency of familial hypercholesterolemia amongst patients in the outpatient clinic of the tertiary specialized cardiology center in Kyrgyzstan.

BACKGROUND: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is frequently underdiagnosed. Prevalence of the FH in Kyrgyzstan is unknown. AIM: to investigate the prevalence of FH amongst patients in the outpatient settings of the tertiary cardiologic center in Kyrgyzstan. METHODS: Retrospective observational study was conducted using the database of the laboratory of biochemistry and electronic database of outpatient department of the National Center of Cardiology and internal diseases. Patient with the level of total cholesterol (TC) ≥7,5 mmol/l and/or low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥ 4,9 mmol/l without signs of secondary hyperlipidemia were included in the analysis. FH was defined using Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria. RESULTS: according to the laboratory database levels of TC and LDL-C was conducted in 8281patiens and 525 of them had a high lipid levels. After exclusion of patients with secondary hyperlipidemia, high level of triglycerides and pregnant women - 91 patients were included in the analysis. Among them the definite FH was revealed in 2 (2,2%) patients, probable FH - in 6 (6,6%), and possible in 76 (83,5%), and in 7,7% there were no signs of FH. CONCLUSION: Frequency of potential FH (definite and probable) in our analysis was low. To understand the real prevalence of FH in a Kyrgyz population epidemiological study is needed.

[The hypolipidemic and antiatherosclerotic properties of the ammonium salt of glycyrrhetic acid and of 18-dehydroglycyrrhetic acid]. / Gipolipidemicheskoe i protivoateroskleroticheskoe svoistva ammoniinoi soli glitsirretovoi kisloty i 18-degidroglitsirretovoi kisloty.

Plant compounds ammonium salt of glycyrretic acid (AGA) and 18-dehydroglycyrretic acid (18-DHGA) effectively reduced the concentration of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and atherogenic lipoproteins in blood serum of rabbits with modeled cholesterol atherosclerosis. They reduced significantly the content of malonic dialdehyde and raised the activity of superoxide dismutase in the animals' organs. Due to their powerful hypolipidemic and antioxidant effect AGA and 18-DHGA significantly reduced the surface of the atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. Both compounds considerably excel polisponin in the indicated properties.

[The effect of metacin on the activity of digestive enzymes participating in the hydrolysis of fats normally and in stress]. / Vliianie metatsina na aktivnost' pishchevaritel'nykh fermentov, uchastvuiushchikh v gidrolize zhirov, v norme i pri stresse.

The effect of a peripheral cholinolytic methacin on the activity of lipolytic enzymes of the pancreas and small intestine was studied on intact and stress-exposed animals. The drug was shown to induce certain changes in the activity of lipolytic enzymes. The preliminary administration of methacin attenuates the shifts in the activity of the studied enzymes observed under stress action.

[Effect of metatsin on digestive enzyme activity]. / Vliianie metatsina na aktivnost' nekotorykh pishchevaritel'nykh fermentov.

The effect of a peripheral cholinergic blocking agent on the activity of some digestive enzymes involved in protein hydrolysis was studied on albino rats under normal conditions and during stress. Metacine was administered orally. Single doses were 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg. At long-term administration and in the subsequent series of experiments the dose was 200 mg/kg. The experiments showed that the drug treatment produced significant changes in the activity of digestive enzymes involved in protein hydrolysis. A preliminary administration of metacine was found to smooth out the changes in the activity of the enzymes observed under conditions of immobilization and hyperthermia.

[Pharmacological study of the anti-inflammatory agent glyderinine]. / Farmakologicheskoe izuchenie protivovospalitel'nogo sredstva gliderinina.

In experiments on various animals glyderinine, a derivative of glycyrrhizic acid isolated from Glycyrrhiza glabra, was found to exert a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect exceeding that of hydrocortisone and amidopyrine. The mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect was to a certain degree related to the adrenal cortex, suppression of vascular permeability and antagonism to inflammation as well. Similarly to other anti-inflammatory agents, glyderinine possesses analgesic and antipyretic properties, but unlike them it fails to suppress hemopoiesis and to cause ulceration of the gastrointestinal mucosa. The drug is of low toxicity and exerts the antiallergic effect. Glyderinine was successfully tried and recommended for a wide use as an ointment for treating skin diseases.

[Effect of metacine on carbohydrase activity in intact animals and those subjected to a stress exposure]. / Vliianie metatsina na aktivnost' karbogidraz u intaktnykh i podvergnutykh stressovomu vozdeistviiu zhivotnykh.

In experiments on albino rats it was shown that a single (50, 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg) and prolonged (200 mg/kg) administration of metacine produced changes in the activity of carbohydrases (alpha-, gamma-amylases and saccharase) of the intestine. A preliminary treatment with the drug weakened changes in their activity observed during stress situations.

[Effect of amizil on the carbohydrase activity in intact animals and animals subjected to stress exposure]. / Vliianie amizila na aktivnost' karbogidraz u intaktnykh i podvergnutykh stressornomu vozdeistviiu zhivotnykh.

Effect of a central cholinolytic drug amizyl on the activity of some digestive enzymes involved in carbohydrate hydrolysis was studied in experiments on control rats and animals exposed to immobilization stress. The experiments showed that amizyl administration modifies the activity of carbohydrases that could affect disintegration and assimilation of carbohydrases. Preliminary administration of the drug was shown to prevent substantially the changes in the enzyme activity occurring during stress situation.

[Exocrine function of the pancreas under the effect of different doses of hexachlorocyclohexane]. / Ekzosekretornaia funktsiia podzheludochnoi zhelezy pri vozdeistvii razlichnykh doz geksakhlortsiklogeksana.

Experiments conducted on albino rats poisoned with different doses of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCCH) demonstrated that large doses of this compound (1/3 DL50) following their single introduction were capable of inhibiting the secretion of the amylase, lipase, and proteases of the pancreas. Of a prolonged action of relatively small doses of HCCH (1/20 and 1/50 DL50) is characteristic an initial inhibition and subsequent stimulation of the exosecretory function of the pancreas. A definite inverse relation between the amount of the introduced HCCH dose and the duration of the pancreatic inhibition period was noted.

[Effect of different doses of tetramethylthiuram disulfide on the enzyme-forming function of the small intestine]. / Vliianie razlichnykh doz tetrametiltiuramdisul'fida na fermentoobrazovatel'nuiu funktsiiu tonkogo kishechnika

The effect of tetramethylthiuramdisulphide on the activity of the small intestine mucosa in rats was studied. When administered in different doses the compound was found to bring about, in the main, a fall of the monoglyceride-lipase and dipeptidase and a rise of the invertase alkaline-phosphatase and amylolytic activity. A protracted introduction of the compound brings down the weight of the small intestine mucosa. One month after stoppage of the drug's administration in a dose of 1/50 DL50 practised for 6 months and 15 days following its single introduction in a dose of 1/3 DL50 the enzymatic and the weight of the intestinal mucosa returned back to normal.

[Influence of tetramethylthiuramide sulfide on the exocrine function of the pancreas]. / Vliianie tetrametiltiuramdisul'fida na vneshnesekretornuiu funktsiiu podzheludochnoi zhelezy

The influence of different doses of tetramethylthiuramine sulphide (TMTDS) on the activity of the amylase, lipase and proteases in the pancreatic homogenate and the small intestine contents of albino rats was studied. Six hours after a single administration of the compound in a dose of 1/3 DL50 a 2--2.5-fold drop of the enzymatic activity in the chyme was observed and 24 hours thereafter it was inhibited in the glandular tissue as well. During the first months of a lenghty introduction of relatively small doses of TMTDS (1/20 and 1/50 DL50) a depression of the exosecretory function of the pancreas with its subsequent restoration at the 4--6th month was noted. Atropinization of the animals failed to prevent the inhibitory action of the compound on the secretion of pancreatic enzymes, this pointing to a direct effect of TMTDS on the acinal cells or to prevailing distrubances of humoral mechanisms regulating the activity of the glands.