[The participation of the T system and macrophages in the immediate immune response to drug compounds]. / Uchastie T-sistemy i makrofagov v nemedlennom immunnom otvete na lekarstvennye soedineniia.

Experiments on rats and on human lymphocytes have indicated that a prompt immune response to low-molecular-weight biologically active agents is thymus-dependent, calls for cooperative interaction of T and B lymphocytes and macrophages, it is enhanced by T mitogens and implemented through the specific pharmacological receptors of T and B lymphocytes. The findings offer ample scope for controlling the immune mechanisms of habituation to drugs and poisons.

[Spasmolytic and anti-inflammatory activity of 8-hydroxyquinolines]. / Spazmoliticheskaia i protivovospalitel'naia aktivnost' 8-oksikhinolinov.

It has been shown that quinozole (aqueous solution), enteroseptol and nitroxoline (suspension with Tween-80) in a concentration of 0.2 X 10(-6)-1.10(-5) decrease the tone of the rat and guinea-pig ileum and diminish their peristalsis. When administered in the same concentrations quinozole removes or prevents the spasmogenic effects of barium chloride (1 X 10(-5)-4.10(-5), of histamine (2 X 10(-5) and -6) but not of acetylcholine (1 X 10(-6)). When administered orally in a dose 50 mg/kg to rats enteroseptol and nitroxoline inhibit the serotonin-, agar- and carrageenin-induced edemas of the rat paws without changing the response to subplantar injection of histamine. The data obtained should be taken into consideration during the use of 8-hydroxyquinolines as antimicrobial substances.

[Autoimmune and diabetogenic effects of bucarban]. / Autoimmunnyi i diabetogennyi éffekty bukarbana.

Experiments on animals were made to study the diabetogenous effect of repeated administrations of bucarban. The drug-induced immunization and insulin release were accompanied by the increased immune response of the humoral and cellular types specific for bucarban and insulin as well. The changes in the animals' immune status were accompanied by disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, characteristic for diabetes mellitus and by a lowering of the hypoglycemic effect of the antidiabetic drug in question. It was shown for the first time that the changes in carbohydrate, lipid and lipoprotein blood indicators seen in the animals given sulfanilamide antidiabetics occur in the presence of intense autoimmune response to the body own insulin and are undoubtedly related to this response.

[Early triggering of the immune mechanism of chemical homeostasis in response to exo- and endogenous chemical compounds]. / O rannem vkliuchenii immunnogo mekhanizma khimicheskogo gomeostaza v otvet na ékzo- i éndogennye khimicheskie soedineniia.

An early triggering of the immune mechanism of chemical homeostasis occurs in response to intravenous, intraperitoneal or intramuscular injection of drugs affecting the content of endogenous compounds of the mediator, enzymatic and hormonal type. This response is accompanied by morphological and functional changes in lymphoid cells of blood and organs as confirmed by immune rosette-formation and blast transformation, by variation of intercellular interactions that manifest in activation of immunocytoadhesion, in an increase in the titers of antibodies to the drug administered and in those of autoantibodies to the endogenous compounds that realize the drug effect. It has been shown that lymphocyte receptors specific for the endo- and exogenous compounds participate in the cell immune response to a chemical agent that might be pharmacologically monitored by means of the action of antagonists of the endogenous mediators on the receptor structure.

Cellular component of the immune mechanism of maintaining chemical homoeostasis in the internal environment of the organism.

In the study of obtained data on the part of immune mechanism in maintaining chemical homeostasis the authors found, by means of in vitro experiments, certain properties characterizing participation of the lymphatic apparatus of various rabbit and rat organs in the synthesis of antibodies against mediators, their metabolites, enzymes and hormons in comparison with effect of stimulators, [fytohemagglutinin, staphylococcal filtrate, xenogenic mixed lymphocytic cultures], active and passive immunization of potential cell preparations for the production of specific autoantibodies. Formation of the mechanism is shown on ontogenesis. It was ascertained that pathologic processes [adjuvant arthritis, rejection reaction, immobilization stress, sepsis] essentially act upon conditions of the immune mechanism of chemical homeostasis.

[Immune and autoimmune reactions in the mechanism of action of drug substances, their detoxication and the development of habituation to them]. / Immunnye i autoimmunnye reaktsii v mekhanizme deistviia lekarstvennykh veshchestv, ikh detoksikatsii i razvitiia pyrivykaniia k nim.

It has been shown that rausedyl administration is followed by enhanced synthesis of autoantibodies to serotonine and adrenaline. Meanwhile bucarban enhances the synthesis of autoantibodies to endogenous insulin and ACTH to hydrocortisone and testosterone. Activation of the autoimmune system of regulating the balance of endogenous compounds was shown by an increased number of specific antibody-producing cells in the organs and tissues and by the growth of the titer of circulating antibodies in the blood.

[Resistance to hypoglycemic sulfanilamides and biguanidines and its immune genesis]. / Ustoichivost' k gipoglikemiziruiushchim sul'fanilamidam i biguanidam i ee immunnyi genez.

In blood of patients with diabetes mellitus receiving bucarban or adebit antibodies to these drugs were discovered. Patients medicated with bucarban demonstrated an elevated content of antibodies to insulin. The appearance of specific antibodies occurred in rabbits and rats following introduction of bucarban, glucophage or adebit per se or when mixed with adjuvants. An increased production of antibodies to endogenous insulin was observed in all animals reveiving bucarban. Introduction to rats of inactivated (at 56 degrees C for 30 minutes) serum of patients with diabetes mellitus that contained antibodies to bucarban or adebit as well as immune rabbit sera greatly mitigated the hypoglycemic effect of the latter. Introduction to rats of the blood serum taken in patients reveiving bucarban allso attenuated the effect of exogenous insulin. These findings suggest that, possessing neutralizing properties, these antibodies to bucarban, adebit and glucophage cause habituation to these substances. Accumulation in the blood of autoantibodies to insulin following introduction of bacarban reduces the sensitivity to the exogenous hormone and manifests the existence of an immune mechanism securing the preservation of chemical homeostasis in the organism.

[Immune mechanism of regulating the balance of chemical compounds of endogenous origin]. / Ob immunnom mekhanizme reguliatsii balansa khimicheskikh soedinenii éndogennogo proiskhozhdeniia.

Specific autoantibodies of neutralizing character to histamine, serotonin, kallikrein, bradykuinine, acetylcholine, adrenalin, noradrenalin, insulin, and to the serotonin metabolite--5-hydroxyindolacetic acid, were found in donor serum (47.2%) and in intact rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, and mice (24.4%). Anti0odies to histamine, serotonin, kallikrein were found in a number of samples of commercial gamma-globulin. They were relatively often observed during the morning and day-time hours, in summer and in winter, in luteal phase of menstrual cycle, early in pregnancy (6-8 weeks), after surgical treatment, burns, inflammation, administration of foreign albumin, in the course of immunization by different antigens. The results of fractional analysis of serum showed that antibodies belonged to immunoglobulins with the constant of sedimantation 7S and 19S. The data obtained suggest the existence of an immune mechanism for the content regulation of different substances of endogenous origination in any organism.

[Mechanism of the anti-inflammatory action of immunodepressants]. / K mekhanizmu protivovspalitel'nogo deistviia nekotorykh immunodepressantov.

The effectiveness of immunodepressants in lingering exudative processes, their inhibitory action in the proliferative phase of inflammation, depression of the phagocytic activity of leucocytes, as well as suppressive influence on the development of a toxic pulmonary edema and upon generalized anaphylaction reaction was demonstrated in tests staged on rats and mice. The antiphlogistic action of immunodepressants was not abolished during the first hours after their administration by specific metabolites, but was suppressed at the peak of the cytostatic effect together with the latter. The phlogolytic effect was not mediated through the hypophysis-adrenal system and did not include the lienic factor.

[Antibodies to mediators of inflammation as its inhibitors and analyzers]. / Antitela k mediatoram vospaleniia kak ego ingibitory i analizatory

Experiments with rabbits showed the formation of antibodies in response to introduction of histamine-, serotonin-, kalllikrein-, bradykinin-proteinic conjugates. The influence of antibodies on the exudative reaction following introduction of histamine, serotonin, kallikrein, bradykinin, dextran and agar to rats was studied. The ability of antibodies to block both the introduced from outside specific mediators of inflammation and their natural analogues is demonstrated. This bears proof to the possibility of utilizing the specific antibodies in the study of the mediating structure common to various types of inflammation and for the regulation of the inflammatory process.

[Bioneutralizing properties of antibodies to serotonin]. / O bioneitralizuiushchikh svoistvakh antitel k serotoninu

Experiments conducted on rabbits demonstrated formation of antiserotonin antibodies in response to introduction to the animals of a serotonin-proteinic conjugate. The effect of antibodies on the development of a serotonin- and dextran-induced inflammation in rats and on the serotonin level in cells of slices of their organs, as well as in the blood thrombocytes was studied. The antibodies were found to produce an antiphlogistic effect in regard to exogenous (serotonin-induced) and endogenous (dextran-induced inflammation) serotonin. Histochemical investigations showed the antibodies to exert a neutralizing action on intracellular serotonin.

[Anti-inflammatory properties of some immunodepressants]. / Protivovospalitel'nye svoistva nekotorykh immunodepressantov

As evidenced from experiments conducted on rats immunodepressants-antimetabolites 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate and 5-fluoruracil exert an antiexudative action and inhibit inflammation in its proliferative phase, as well as significantly change the count of leucocytes and their formula in the peripheral blood. It was established that the anti-exudate properties of these compounds may not be related to their immunodepressive action, while inhibition of proliferation is occasioned by their specific cytostatic effect.

[Effect of autonomotropic agents and their combinations with amidopyrine on aesptic inflammation and vascular permeability]. / O vliianii vegetotropnykh sredstv i ikh kombinatsii s amidopirinoma na asepticheskoe vospalenie i sosudistuiu pronitsaemost'

Experiments staged on rats demonstrated the display of antiexudative activity by phepracet, deseryl, chlorpromazine, phentolamine and sanotension in an inflammation produced through subplantar introduction of the Difco agar. Some of the above agents suppressed the reaction in response to dimethyl sulfoxide injection. The antiedematous and stabilizing the cellular membranes effects of amidopyrine were potentiated by using the latter in combination with sympatholytics and also with benactyzine. No synergism with respect to changes of the vascular permeability and kinnase activity of the blood was revealed.