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Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a transformative technology with potential applications in various plastic surgery procedures and plastic surgery education. This article examines the views of plastic surgeons and residents on the role of AI in the field of plastic surgery. Methods: A 34-question survey on AI's role in plastic surgery was distributed to 564 plastic surgeons worldwide, and we received responses from 153 (26.77%) with the majority from Latin America. The survey explored various aspects such as current AI experience, attitudes toward AI, data sources, ethical considerations, and future prospects of AI in plastic surgery and education. Predictions from AI using ChatGPT for each question were compared with the actual survey responses. Results: The study found that most participants had little or no prior AI experience. Although some believed AI could enhance accuracy and visualization, opinions on its impact on surgical time, patient recovery, and satisfaction were mixed. Concerns included patient privacy, data security, costs, and informed consent. Valuable AI training data sources were identified, and there was agreement on the importance of standards and transparency. Respondents expected AI's increasing role in reconstructive and aesthetic surgery, suggesting its integration into residency programs, addressing administrative challenges, and patient complications. Confidence in the enduring importance of human professionals was expressed, with interest in further AI research. Conclusion: The survey's findings underscore the need to harness AI's potential while preserving human professionals' roles through informed consent, standardization, and AI education in plastic surgery.
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This study assessed the impact of a mixture of garlic (Allium sativum) and oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oils (EOGOs) on in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and in vivo apparent nutrient digestibility. Different EOGO inclusion levels were evaluated to assess the dose response and potential effects of the mixture. Three EOGO inclusion levels (0.5, 0.75, and 1 mL/kg of incubated dry matter) were evaluated in vitro, while four treatments (0.5, 0.75, and 1 mL/day of EOGO and a control group) were tested in vivo on 12 West African sheep. A randomized controlled trial was conducted using a 4 × 4 design. Blood parameters (glucose, blood urea nitrogen, and ß-hydroxybutyrate) were measured to observe the effect of EOGO on the metabolism. The results showed that the inclusion of EOGO significantly enhanced IVDMD at low levels (p < 0.052) compared with the highest levels in treatments containing 0.5 and 0.75 mL/kg of EOGO dry matter. A higher intake of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (p < 0.05) was observed in the in vivo diets with the inclusion of EOGO. In terms of in vivo apparent digestibility, significant differences were found among treatments in the digestibility coefficients of DM, CP, and NDF. EOGO inclusion increased the digestibility of DM. CP digestibility displayed a cubic effect (p < 0.038), with the lowest values of digestibility observed at 1 mL EOGO inclusion. Additionally, NDF digestibility showed a cubic effect (p < 0.012), with the highest value obtained at 0.75 mL of EOGO inclusion. The inclusion levels above 0.75 mL EOGO showed a cubic effect, which indicates that higher concentrations of EOGO may not be beneficial for the digestibility of CP and NDF. Although no significant difference was observed in total digestible nutrients, a linear trend was observed (p < 0.059). EOGO improved the intake of DM, CP, and NDF. EOGO supplementation improved the digestibility of DM and NDF, with optimal levels observed at 0.5 mL/day. No significant effects were observed in the blood parameters. These results suggest that EOGO has the potential as an additive in ruminal nutrition to improve food digestibility and serve as an alternative to antibiotic additives. The use of EOGO potentially improves fiber digestion and may reduce the use of antibiotics in livestock production. Garlic (A. sativum) and oregano (O. vulgare) essential oils effectively modulated fiber digestibility at 0.75 mL/day. Garlic (A. sativum) and oregano (O. vulgare) essential oils have the potential to improve digestibility at low inclusion levels and serve as an alternative to antibiotic additives. The effectiveness of essential oils is greater in a mixture and at lower doses.
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Introducción y Objetivo: El tratamiento integral e interdisciplinario de los pacientes con paladar hendido es fundamental para garantizar resultados a largo plazo. El habla es una de las metas principales en el tratamiento ya que permitirá un adecuado aprendizaje escolar y socialización. La insuficiencia velofaríngea (IVF) se debe a alteraciones anatómicas del esfínter velofaringeo y el manejo temprano y adecuado de los pacientes con paladar hendido es clave para evitarla. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar el porcentaje de IVF detectado y manejado antes de los primeros 5 años de vida en pacientes con paladar hendido tratados interdisciplinariamente en el Centro de Rehabilitación para Niños con Labio y Paladar Fisurado (FISULAB) en Bogotá, Colombia, evidenciando la efectividad del abordaje temprano. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo tipo serie de casos en el que presentamos los resultados funcionales del tratamiento continuo en pacientes con paladar hendido, diagnosticados y tratados de forma exclusiva en FISULAB de acuerdo a su guía integral. Del total de 972 pacientes atendidos en la institución, 118 cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: Estudiamos 118 pacientes con paladar hendido con o sin labio hendido atendidos bajo la guía integral desde el nacimiento hasta los 5 años de edad: 67 varones y 51 mujeres. Del total, 17 (14.4%) presentaron IVF (8 varones y 9 mujeres). De los que presentaron IVF, 4 (23.5%) tenían diagnóstico sindrómico asociado. La incidencia de IVF en nuestra población de pacientes, excluyendo los pacientes sindromáticos, fue del 11%, con una resolución del 100% de la IVF en los pacientes que fueron llevados a uno o múltiples procedimientos quirúrgicos. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico temprano y el manejo interdisciplinario de la IVF son esenciales para asegurar el éxito en la rehabilitación del lenguaje de los pacientes con paladar hendido. Un tratamiento conservador y por etapas de la IVF puede asegurar buenos resultados minimizando complicaciones
Background and Objective: A comprehensive and interdisciplinary treatment of patients with cleft palate is essential to ensure satisfactory long-term results. Adequate speech is one of the main goals because it allows each patient a proper adjustment to their educational and social environment. Velo- pharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) occurs due to anatomic changes of the velo- pharyngeal sphincter. Early and appropriate management of patients with cleft palate is crucial to prevent velopharyngeal insufficiency. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of patients with VPI that were detected and received treatment during their first 5 years of age at FISULAB (Rehabilitation Center for Children with Cleft lip and Palate), Bogota, Colombia, and to evaluate the effectiveness early treatment. Methods: Descriptive study of case series. Patients included were diagnosed with cleft palate and treated exclusively in FISULAB, following the treatment protocol of this institution. A total of 972 patients were treated and 118 patients met the inclusion criteria. Results: A total of 118 patients with cleft palate, with or without associated cleft lip, were treated following the institutional protocol: 17 (14.4%) had VPI (8 male and 9 female). Of the patients who had VPI, 4 (23.5%) had a syndromic diagnosis. The incidence of VPI in our patient population was 11% with a resolution of 100% of VPI after surgical treatment. Conclusions: Early diagnosis and interdisciplinary management of VPI are essential to ensure the success in speech rehabilitation in patients with cleft palate. A conservative and stepwise treatment of VPI has shown good results, minimizing complications
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Velopharyngeal Insufficiency/surgery , Early Medical Intervention/methods , Velopharyngeal Insufficiency/diagnosis , Cleft Palate/surgery , Cleft Lip/surgery , Pharynx/surgery , ColombiaABSTRACT
The intestinal phenotype of cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator deficient mice includes altered cell homeostasis and a distended crypt-villus axis, which, in previous work, was inversely proportional to body weight. To investigate this correlation, herein, we treated CF mice with IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), a protein which, as it has potent effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis, we hypothesized would alter the intestinal cell homeostasis, and assessed body weight. Six-week-old C57BL/6JxBALB F2 CF and WT mice received recombinant human IGFBP-3 (rhIGFBP-3, 20 mg/kg) or vehicle treatment, and weight gain, serum protein levels, and intestinal histology were assessed. Administration of rhIGFBP-3 to CF mice significantly increased the number of Igfbp-3 positive cells in the intestine and partially reversed the hyperproliferative phenotype of intestinal crypts and muscularis externa, while not affecting apoptosis. Serum Igfbp-3 levels were increased, and Igf-I, albumin, and triglycerides measures were decreased in CF compared with WT mice. rhIGFBP-3 treatment significantly increased serum albumin and triglycerides but did not affect weight gain in CF mice. We have identified rhIGFBP-3 treatment to reduce intestinal cell proliferation, resulting in decreases in crypt depth and muscularis externa thickness in CF mice.
