ABSTRACT
Professional practice is a relevant process for the personal and academic development of students. It uses learning contexts located in real scenarios and enables the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and competencies necessary for professional practice. Objective. To design and validate an instrument designed to evaluate students' satisfaction with theirprofessional practice process. Materials and methods. Mixed-method study, non-probabilistic sample by convenience of 196 participants. The sample is formed by 20 Nutritionists and 176 students belonging to the Nutrition and Dietetics undergraduate program. The statistical software SPSS version 22 was used to analyze reliability by Cronbach's alpha and the Delphi method for content validity. An instrument with 32 items grouped in 4 dimensions was elaborated and applied to 116 students to analyze reliability. The instrument was adjusted to 25 items, and content validity was analyzed by a panel of experts. The judge'sconsensus was the foundation for developing a 29-item version grouped into 4 dimensions. This version was applied to 60 students to obtainCronbach's alpha validation. Results. The instrument presents an excellent level of reliability, with a Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of 0.927. Conclusions. The instrument designed to measure satisfaction with professional practices is a reliable and valid measure, since it allows knowing the students 'evaluation at the end of their professional practice process(AU)
La práctica profesional es un proceso relevante para el desarrollo personal y académico de los estudiantes, utiliza contextos de aprendizaje situados en escenarios reales, posibilita la adquisición de conocimientos, habilidades y competencias necesarias para el ejercicio profesional. Objetivo. Diseñar y validar un instrumento, que permita evaluar la satisfacción de los estudiantes sobre su proceso de práctica profesional. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de tipo mixto, muestra no probabilística por conveniencia de 196 participantes, distribuidos en 20 Nutricionistas y 176 estudiantes pertenecientes a la carrera de Nutrición y Dietética. Sé utilizó el software estadístico SPSS versión 22, para analizar la confiabilidad por Alfa de Cronbach y el método Delphi para la validez del contenido. Se elaboró un instrumento con 32 ítems agrupados en 4 dimensiones, se aplicó a 116 estudiantes para analizar la confiabilidad. Se ajustó el instrumento a 25 ítems, se analizó la validez del contenido por panel de expertos. El consenso de los jueces dio origen a una versión, con 29 ítems agrupados en 4 dimensiones, se aplicó finalmente a 60 estudiantes para obtener el Alfa de Cronbach. Resultados. El instrumento presenta un nivel excelente de confiabilidad, con un coeficiente de Alfa de Cronbach de 0.927. Conclusiones. El instrumento diseñado para medir la satisfacción de las prácticas profesionales, es una medida confiable y válida, ya que permite conocer la valoración de los estudiantes al finalizar su proceso de práctica profesional(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Food and Nutrition Education , Evaluation of Medical School Curriculum , Professional TrainingABSTRACT
Industrial manufacturing management can benefit from the use of modeling. For a correct representation of the manufacturing process and the subsequent management, the models must incorporate the effect of the uncertainty propagation throughout the stages considered. In this paper, the proposed methodology for uncertainty management uses a nonintrusive method that is based on building a deterministic physics-informed real-time model for the a posteriori computation of output uncertainties. This model is built using tensor factorization as the Model Order Reduction technique. It includes as model parameters: material properties, process operations, and those random and epistemic uncertainties of known variables. The resulting model is used off-line to identify sensitivities and therefore to unify uncertainty management across the material transformation process. This method is presented by its direct application to an automotive door seal manufactured by continuous co-extrusion of several rubbers and reinforcement (metal strip and glass fiber thread).
ABSTRACT
Background: Micro-texturing is an increasingly used technique that aims at improving the functional behaviour of components during their useful life, and it is applied in different industrial manufacturing processes for different purposes, such as reducing friction on dynamic rubber seals for pneumatic equipment, among others. Micro-texturing is produced on polymer components by transfer from the mould and might critically increase the adhesion and friction between the moulded rubber part with the mould, provoking issues during demoulding, both on the mould itself and on the rubber part. The mould design, the coating release agent applied to the mould surface, and the operational parameters of the moulding/demoulding process, are fundamental aspects to avoid problems and guarantee a correct texture transfer during the demoulding process. Methods: In this work, the lack of knowledge about demoulding processes was addressed with an in-house test rig and a robust experimental procedure to measure demoulding forces (DFs) as well as the final quality of the moulded part, between thermoset polymers and moulds. After the characterization of several Sol-Gel coating formulations (inorganic; hybrid) the influence of several parameters was analysed experimentally, i.e.: Sol-Gel efficiency, texture effects, pattern geometry, roughness and material compound. Results: The results obtained from the experimental studies revealed that texture depth is the most critical geometrical parameter, showing high scatter among the selected compounds. Finally, the experimental results were used to compute a model through reduced order modelling (ROM) technique for the prediction of DFs. Conclusions: The characterization of DFs in a laboratory, with a specific device operated by a universal testing machine (UTM), provided valuable information that allows a fast and optimized introduction of texturing in rubber components. Selection of a novel Sol-Gel coating and the use of the ROM technique contributed to speed up implementation for mass production.
ABSTRACT
Edwards syndrome or trisomy 18 is a complex entity that involves the musculoskeletal, craniofacial, cardiovascular, and neurological systems. Its genetics are varied, presenting both in a complete and mosaic type. Survival rarely exceeds the first year of life. Its phenotype characterization is not pathognomonic, so karyotype is essential for diagnosis, prenatally by amniocentesis and cordocentesis by FISH technique. We present the case of an eight-year-old girl who has survived with this condition despite presenting tetralogy of Fallot and serious cardiac malformations. Diagnosis began with prenatal screening ultrasound at 16 weeks and detailed ultrasound, with amniocentesis and amniotic fluid karyotype, with a result of 47 XX+18. She has been treated by multiple medical specialties, due to musculoskeletal, joint, neurological, metabolic, and cardiovascular complications that have limited her quality of life. The management of these patients requires a multidisciplinary medical team, and counseling for parents should include aspects related to survival, frequent complications, and risk-benefit to be evaluated before subjecting the minor to complex or corrective surgical interventions.
El síndrome de Edwards o trisomía 18 es una entidad compleja, con afectaciones en los sistemas musculoesquelético, craneofacial, cardiovascular y neurológico. Su genética es variada, presentándose tanto de manera completa como en mosaicismo. Es infrecuente que la supervivencia supere el primer año de vida. Su caracterización fenotípica no es patognomónica, por lo cual el cariotipo es fundamental para el diagnóstico prenatal por medio de amniocentesis y cordocentesis mediante técnica de hibridación fluorescente in situ. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de ocho años que ha sobrevivido con esta condición, a pesar de presentar tetralogía de Fallot acompañada de malformaciones cardíacas graves. El diagnóstico comenzó por ecografía de tamizaje prenatal a las 16 semanas y ecografía de detalle, con amniocentesis y cariotipo de líquido amniótico, con resultado 47 XX+18. Ha sido tratada por múltiples especialidades médicas, debido a complicaciones osteomusculares, articulares, neurológicas, metabólicas y cardiovasculares que han limitado su calidad de vida. El manejo de estos pacientes requiere un equipo médico multidisciplinario. La consejería a los padres debe incluir aspectos relativos a la sobrevida, complicaciones frecuentes y riesgo-beneficio a evaluar antes de someter al menor a intervenciones quirúrgicas complejas o correctivas.
Subject(s)
Heart Defects, Congenital/physiopathology , Quality of Life , Trisomy 18 Syndrome/physiopathology , Amniocentesis , Child , Female , Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnosis , Heart Defects, Congenital/therapy , Humans , Prenatal Diagnosis , Trisomy 18 Syndrome/diagnosis , Trisomy 18 Syndrome/therapy , Ultrasonography, PrenatalABSTRACT
El síndrome de Edwards o trisomía 18 es una entidad compleja, con afectaciones en los sistemas musculoesquelético, craneofacial, cardiovascular y neurológico. Su genética es variada, presentándose tanto de manera completa como en mosaicismo. Es infrecuente que la supervivencia supere el primer año de vida. Su caracterización fenotípica no es patognomónica, por lo cual el cariotipo es fundamental para el diagnóstico prenatal por medio de amniocentesis y cordocentesis mediante técnica de hibridación fluorescente in situ. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de ocho años que ha sobrevivido con esta condición, a pesar de presentar tetralogía de Fallot acompañada de malformaciones cardíacas graves. El diagnóstico comenzó por ecografía de tamizaje prenatal a las 16 semanas y ecografía de detalle, con amniocentesis y cariotipo de líquido amniótico, con resultado 47 XX+18. Ha sido tratada por múltiples especialidades médicas, debido a complicaciones osteomusculares, articulares, neurológicas, metabólicas y cardiovasculares que han limitado su calidad de vida. El manejo de estos pacientes requiere un equipo médico multidisciplinario. La consejería a los padres debe incluir aspectos relativos a la sobrevida, complicaciones frecuentes y riesgo-beneficio a evaluar antes de someter al menor a intervenciones quirúrgicas complejas o correctivas.
Edwards syndrome or trisomy 18 is a complex entity that involves the musculoskeletal, craniofacial, cardiovascular, and neurological systems. Its genetics are varied, presenting both in a complete and mosaic type. Survival rarely exceeds the first year of life. Its phenotype characterization is not pathognomonic, so karyotype is essential for diagnosis, prenatally by amniocentesis and cordocentesis by FISH technique. We present the case of an eight-year-old girl who has survived with this condition despite presenting tetralogy of Fallot and serious cardiac malformations. Diagnosis began with prenatal screening ultrasound at 16 weeks and detailed ultrasound, with amniocentesis and amniotic fluid karyotype, with a result of 47 XX+18. She has been treated by multiple medical specialties, due to musculoskeletal, joint, neurological, metabolic, and cardiovascular complications that have limited her quality of life. The management of these patients requires a multidisciplinary medical team, and counseling for parents should include aspects related to survival, frequent complications, and risk-benefit to be evaluated before subjecting the minor to complex or corrective surgical interventions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Quality of Life , Trisomy 18 Syndrome/physiopathology , Heart Defects, Congenital/physiopathology , Prenatal Diagnosis , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Trisomy 18 Syndrome/diagnosis , Trisomy 18 Syndrome/therapy , Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnosis , Heart Defects, Congenital/therapy , AmniocentesisABSTRACT
El aumento progresivo de la obesidad en la población escolar chilena es preocupante, los niños mapuches, corren un riesgo alto de ser obesos, debido a la rápida transculturación y el acceso deficiente a información de salud pública. El propósito del estudio fue comparar variables antropometricas y su relación con el riesgo cardiometabólico en niños Mapuches y no-Mapuches, pertenecientes a colegios rurales de la IX Región de Chile. Se evaluaron 239 escolares (118 niñas y 121 niños) entre 6 y 12 años, pertenecientes a 3 colegios de rurales de la comuna de Cholchol, Imperial y Galvarino de la región de la Araucanía Chile, perteneciendo 177 escolares a la etnia mapuche, participaron de la investigación de forma voluntaria. Se recolectaron datos respecto a descendencia étnica (mapuche, no mapuche), edad, peso, talla, circunferencia cintura (CC), relación cintura estatura (RCE) y el índice de masa corporal (IMC). En la comparación por sexo y etnia no existieron diferencias significativas (p>0,05). Las variables Antropométricas de peso, CC, RCE, IMC fueron mayores en los sujetos con obesidad y presentaron significancia (p<0.001). El IMC presentó elevada correlación con el CC y presentó significancia (p<0,001). El resultado de la correlación de variables en población Mapuche del IMC con el CC fue mayor (0,909, p<0,001), en comparación a los no-Mapuches. En esta investigación reportó una elevada prevalencia de malnutrición por exceso 43,9% del grupo total estudiado y una alta relación entre el IMC, el CC y la RCE, siendo mayor está en los niños con etnia mapuche(AU)
The progressive increase of obesity in the Chilean school population is worrisome, Mapuche children are at high risk of being obese, due to rapid transculturation and poor access to public health information. The purpose of the study was to compare anthropometric variables and their relationship with cardiometabolic risk in Mapuche and non-Mapuches children, belonging to rural schools of the IX Region of Chile. A total of 239 schoolchildren (118 girls and 121 boys) between 6 and 12 years of age were evaluated, belonging to 3 rural schools in the Cholchol, Imperial and Galvarino communes of the Araucanía region of Chile, belonging to 177 Mapuche students. the investigation on a voluntary basis. Data were collected regarding ethnic descent (Mapuche, non-Mapuche), age, weight, height, waist circumference (WC), waist height ratio (SBC) and body mass index (BMI). In the comparison by sex and ethnic group, there were no significant differences (p> 0.05). The anthropometric variables of weight, CC, ROSC, BMI were higher in subjects with obesity and presented significance (p <0.001). The BMI showed high correlation with CC and presented significance (p <0.001). The result of the correlation of variables in Mapuche population of BMI with CC was higher (0.909, p <0.001), compared to non-Mapuches. This study reported a high prevalence of malnutrition due to excess of 43.9% of the total group studied and a high relationship between BMI, CC and RCE, being higher in children with Mapuche ethnicity(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Pediatric Obesity/etiology , Metabolic Diseases/etiology , Body Weights and Measures , Body Mass Index , AnthropometryABSTRACT
We present an evaluation of various non-rigid registration algorithms for the purpose of compensating interfractional motion of the target volume and organs at risk areas when acquiring CBCT image data prior to irradiation. Three different deformable registration (DR) methods were used: the Demons algorithm implemented in the iPlan Software (BrainLAB AG, Feldkirchen, Germany) and two custom-developed piecewise methods using either a Normalized Correlation or a Mutual Information metric (featureletNC and featureletMI). These methods were tested on data acquired using a novel purpose-built phantom for deformable registration and clinical CT/CBCT data of prostate and lung cancer patients. The Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) between manually drawn contours and the contours generated by a derived deformation field of the structures in question was compared to the result obtained with rigid registration (RR). For the phantom, the piecewise methods were slightly superior, the featureletNC for the intramodality and the featureletMI for the intermodality registrations. For the prostate cases in less than 50% of the images studied the DSC was improved over RR. Deformable registration methods improved the outcome over a rigid registration for lung cases and in the phantom study, but not in a significant way for the prostate study. A significantly superior deformation method could not be identified.
