ABSTRACT
This is a cross-sectional study to assess the presence of antibodies in ruminants against selected pathogens associated with reproductive disorders in cattle in four Brazilian states, including the zoonotic agent Coxiella burnetii. The used tests were Virus Neutralization Assay for IBR and BVD, Microscopic Agglutination Test for Leptospira spp., Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) for C. burnetii and Toxoplasma gondii, and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Neospora caninum and Trypanosoma vivax. Seropositivity for C. burnetii was 13.7% with titers from 128 to 131,072; 57.8% for BoHV-1, with titers between 2 and 1,024; 47.1% for BVDV-1a, with titers from 10 to 5,120; 89.2% for N. caninum; 50% for T. vivax; and 52.0% for Leptospira spp., with titers between 100 to 800 (the following serovars were found: Tarassovi, Grippotyphosa, Canicola, Copenhageni, Wolffi, Hardjo, Pomona and Icterohaemorrhagiae); 19.6% for T. gondii with titer of 40. This is the first study that has identified C. burnetii in cattle associated with BoHV and BVDV, N. caninum, Leptospira spp., T. gondii and T. vivax. Thus, future studies should be conducted to investigate how widespread this pathogen is in Brazilian cattle herds.
Subject(s)
Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease/complications , Cattle Diseases/epidemiology , Coccidiosis/veterinary , Leptospirosis/veterinary , Q Fever/veterinary , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/complications , Trypanosomiasis, African/veterinary , Abortion, Veterinary , Agglutination Tests , Animals , Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease/diagnosis , Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/microbiology , Cattle Diseases/parasitology , Cattle Diseases/virology , Coccidiosis/complications , Coccidiosis/diagnosis , Coccidiosis/epidemiology , Coxiella burnetii/immunology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral/immunology , Endometritis/etiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Female , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect/veterinary , Infertility, Female/etiology , Leptospira/immunology , Leptospirosis/complications , Leptospirosis/diagnosis , Leptospirosis/epidemiology , Neospora/immunology , Q Fever/complications , Q Fever/diagnosis , Q Fever/epidemiology , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Toxoplasma/immunology , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/diagnosis , Trypanosoma vivax/immunology , Trypanosomiasis, African/complications , Trypanosomiasis, African/diagnosis , Trypanosomiasis, African/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Abstract This is a cross-sectional study to assess the presence of antibodies in ruminants against selected pathogens associated with reproductive disorders in cattle in four Brazilian states, including the zoonotic agent Coxiella burnetii. The used tests were Virus Neutralization Assay for IBR and BVD, Microscopic Agglutination Test for Leptospira spp., Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) for C. burnetii and Toxoplasma gondii, and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Neospora caninum and Trypanosoma vivax. Seropositivity for C. burnetii was 13.7% with titers from 128 to 131,072; 57.8% for BoHV-1, with titers between 2 and 1,024; 47.1% for BVDV-1a, with titers from 10 to 5,120; 89.2% for N. caninum; 50% for T. vivax; and 52.0% for Leptospira spp., with titers between 100 to 800 (the following serovars were found: Tarassovi, Grippotyphosa, Canicola, Copenhageni, Wolffi, Hardjo, Pomona and Icterohaemorrhagiae); 19.6% for T. gondii with titer of 40. This is the first study that has identified C. burnetii in cattle associated with BoHV and BVDV, N. caninum, Leptospira spp., T. gondii and T. vivax. Thus, future studies should be conducted to investigate how widespread this pathogen is in Brazilian cattle herds.
Resumo Este é um estudo transversal para avaliar a presença de anticorpos em ruminantes contra patógenos selecionados e associados a distúrbios reprodutivos em bovinos de quatro estados brasileiros, incluindo o agente zoonótico Coxiella burnetii. Os testes utilizados foram Teste de Vírus-Neutralização para BoHV e BVDV, teste de Aglutinação Microscópica para Leptospira spp., Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta for C. burnetii e Toxoplasma gondii, e Ensaio de Imunoabsorção Enzimática para Neospora caninum e Trypanosoma vivax. A soropositividade para C. burnetii foi de 13,7% com títulos de 128 a 131.072; 57,8% para BoHV-1, com títulos entre 2 a 1.024; 47,1% para BVDV-1a, com títulos de 10 a 5.120; 89,2% para N. caninum; 50% para T. vivax; e 52,0% para Leptospira spp., com títulos entre 100 a 800 (sorovares encontrados: Tarassovi, Grippotyphosa, Canicola, Copenhageni, Wolffi, Hardjo, Pomona e Icterohaemorrhagiae) 19,6% para T. gondii com título de 40. Este é o primeiro estudo que evidencia a participação de C. burnetii em bovinos associada ao Vírus da Rinotraqueíte bovina infecciosa e da diarreia viral bovina, N. caninum, Leptospira spp., T. gondii e T. vivax em bovinos. Desta forma, futuros estudos devem ser conduzidos a fim de investigar o quão disseminado se encontra este patógeno em rebanhos bovinos brasileiros.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Q Fever/veterinary , Trypanosomiasis, African/veterinary , Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease/complications , Cattle Diseases/epidemiology , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/complications , Coccidiosis/veterinary , Leptospirosis/veterinary , Q Fever/complications , Q Fever/diagnosis , Q Fever/epidemiology , Toxoplasma/immunology , Trypanosomiasis, African/complications , Trypanosomiasis, African/diagnosis , Trypanosomiasis, African/epidemiology , Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease/diagnosis , Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Agglutination Tests , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Cattle Diseases/microbiology , Cattle Diseases/parasitology , Cattle Diseases/virology , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/diagnosis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Trypanosoma vivax , Coxiella burnetii/immunology , Coccidiosis/complications , Coccidiosis/diagnosis , Coccidiosis/epidemiology , Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral/immunology , Neospora/immunology , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect/veterinary , Abortion, Veterinary , Endometritis/etiology , Infertility, Female/etiology , Leptospira/immunology , Leptospirosis/complications , Leptospirosis/diagnosis , Leptospirosis/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Heartwater caused by Ehrlichia ruminantiumis a disease of domestic and wild ruminants and one of the most economically important tick-borne diseases in Africa. The present study aimed to investigate the occurrence and genetic diversity of E. ruminantium in blood samples from 210 cattle sampled in five districts of Maputo Province, Mozambique. DNA blood samples were initially submitted to PCR assays targeting E. ruminantium pCS20 gene fragments. Additionally, in order to assess the genetic diversity of E. ruminantium, the positive samples were submitted to a PCR assay targeting the E. ruminantium map1 gene. Finally, the amplicons were sequenced and phylogenetic position was inferred using the Maximum Likelihood method. PCR results revealed that the overall prevalence in Maputo Province was 15% of the animals sampled. E. ruminantium map1 sequences showed not to be conserved. In the phylogenetic analysis, E. ruminantium map1 genotypes were positioned into multiple-clades. This study provides information on the prevalence and genetic diversity of E. ruminantium in five localities of Maputo Province. The future immune control strategies against local E. ruminantium must be designed in the light of the genetic diversity of this parasite.
