ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the HIV-1 molecular epidemiology among newly diagnosed HIV-1 infected persons living in the Jilin province of northeastern China. METHODS: Plasma samples from 189 newly diagnosed HIV-1 infected patients were collected between June 2010 and August 2011 from all nine cities of Jilin province. HIV-1 nucleotide sequences of gag P17-P24 and env C2-C4 gene regions were amplified using a multiplex RT-PCR method and sequenced. Phylogenetic and recombination analyses were used to determine the HIV-1 genotypes. RESULTS: Based on all sequences generated, the subtype/CFR distribution was as follows: CRF01_AE (58.1%), CRF07_BC (13.2%), subtype B' (13.2%), recombinant viruses (8.1%), subtype B (3.7%), CRF02_AG (2.9%), subtype C (0.7%). In addition to finding CRF01_AE strains from previously reported transmission clusters 1, 4 and 5, a new transmission cluster was described within the CRF07_BC radiation. Among 11 different recombinants identified, 10 contained portions of gene regions from the CRF01_AE lineage. CRF02_AG was found to form a transmission cluster of 4 in local Jilin residents. CONCLUSIONS: Our study presents a molecular epidemiologic investigation describing the complex structure of HIV-1 strains co-circulating in Jilin province. The results highlight the critical importance of continuous monitoring of HIV-infections, along with detailed socio-demographic data, in order to design appropriate prevention measures to limit the spread of new HIV infections.
Subject(s)
Databases, Nucleic Acid , HIV Envelope Protein gp160/genetics , HIV Infections/genetics , HIV-1/genetics , Phylogeny , Recombination, Genetic , gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics , China , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Molecular EpidemiologyABSTRACT
We report here a novel HIV-1 second-generation recombinant form (CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC) isolated from an HIV-positive male subject infected through heterosexual contact in Jilin province in northeastern China. Phylogenic analysis shows that this novel second-generation recombinant (JL.RF09) was composed of two well-established circulating recombinant forms (CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC), with two recombinant breakpoints observed in the vpu/env and env gene regions, respectively. The CRF01_AE region of the recombinant was clustered together with a previously described subcluster 4a lineage of CRF01_AE, which is exclusively circulating among men who have sex with men (MSM) in northern China, indicating that the parental origin of the CRF01_AE region in JL.RF09 was from MSM in north China. The CRF07_BC regions of the recombinant are clustered within the CRF07_BC cluster but are distinct from other CRF07_BC references. The detailed origin of CRF07_BC in this recombinant is still not clear. The emergence of the novel HIV-1 recombinant indicates the ongoing generation of recombinants involving CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC, and may provide vital insights into our understanding of the dynamics and complexity of the HIV-1 epidemic in China.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections/virology , HIV-1/classification , HIV-1/genetics , Recombination, Genetic , China , Cluster Analysis , Evolution, Molecular , Genotype , HIV Infections/transmission , HIV-1/isolation & purification , Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins/genetics , Humans , Male , Molecular Epidemiology , Molecular Sequence Data , RNA, Viral/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins/genetics , Young Adult , env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/geneticsABSTRACT
We report here a novel HIV-1 recombinant form (CRF01_AE/B) detected from a comprehensive HIV-1 molecular epidemiologic study among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Jilin province of northeastern China. The near full-length genome (NFLG) analyses showed that the novel HIV-1 recombinant isolate (JL.RF07) was composed of CRF01_AE cluster 5 (northeastern China origin) and subtype B (U.S. and European origin), with six recombinant breakpoints observed in the pol, vif, tat, rev, and env gene regions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detection of a novel HIV-1 recombinant form (CRF01_AE/B) in Jilin, which may indicate an active transmission network of HIV-1 infection among MSM in the region. Further studies of the molecular epidemiology of the HIV-1 epidemic among MSM in northeastern China are necessary to gain a fuller understanding of the transmission network and potential public health impact of HIV-1 among MSM in this region.
Subject(s)
Genome, Viral/genetics , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV-1/genetics , Homosexuality, Male , Mutation/genetics , Base Sequence , CD4 Lymphocyte Count , China/epidemiology , Genetic Variation , HIV Infections/transmission , HIV Infections/virology , HIV-1/classification , HIV-1/isolation & purification , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Molecular Epidemiology , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , RNA, Viral/genetics , Recombination, Genetic , Sequence Alignment , Sequence Analysis, RNAABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the CD8+ cell noncytotoxic antiviral response (CNAR) to HIV in nosocomial HIV infected individuals, and reveal the relationship between the CNAR and CD4+ cell count. METHOD: CD8+ cells from HIV-1 sero-positive individuals were separated by immunomagnetic beads and mixed with CD4+ cells at different CD8 CD4 cell input ratios (2:1, 1:1, 0.5:1 and 0.25:1). Reverse transcriptase (RT) activity of cocultured supernatant was tested and compared with negative control and the suppression rate of HIV-1 replication was measured. RESULT: The average CD8:CD4 cell input ratios to reach 80% suppression of HIV replication in the group with CD4 < 300/microl and CD4 > 300/microl were 2.4:1 and 1.3:1, respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: CNAR activity in HIV infected individuals is associated with CD4+ cell count. The ability to suppress HIV replication in subjects with CD4 > 300 is stronger than those with CD4 < 300.
