Resistance training reduces platelet activation in hypertensive women: the role of purinergic signaling.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Essential arterial hypertension is a risk factor for stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and arterial aneurysm, which are related to the activation of platelets. Purinergic signaling has a central role in platelet aggregation. Although ATP and ADP can act as a proaggregant agent, adenosine inhibits platelet aggregation and reduces vascular injury. Physical exercise exhibits antiaggregant properties and can modulate purinergic system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 6 months of resistance training on purinergic system components in platelets and on platelet activation, hemodynamic and anthropometric parameters in hypertensive woman. METHOD: A total of 31 hypertensive and 28 normotensive middle-aged sedentary women were submitted to 6 months of resistance training. Purinergic enzymes activities were assessed in platelets; ATP and Tromboxane B2 (TXB2) levels were measured in serum. Blood pressure (BP), BMI, and body fat were also measured. All variables were statistically analyzed, considering P value less than 0.05. RESULTS: Six months of resistance training was able to significantly reduce BP, ATP, and TXB2 levels as well as NTPDase, ecto-5'nucleotidase, and ADA activities in hypertensive group. After 6 months of resistance training, purinergic system components and TXB2 of hypertensive group were similar to normotensive group in platelets, demonstrating that resistance training was able to modulate platelet activation. A positive correlation was found between BP, enzyme activities, and levels of ATP and TXB2. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrated the relationship between purinergic signaling and platelet activation in hypertension and suggests that resistance training serve as tool to reduce platelet aggregation in hypertensive woman by modulating purinergic system.

European health literacy survey questionnaire short form (HLS-Q12): adaptation and evidence of validity for the Brazilian context.

Health literacy (HL) refers to knowledge, motivation and skills to understand, evaluate and apply health information, enabling appropriate decision making in daily life on health care and health promotion. Studies show that HL is associated with several social determinants, health outcomes, and health promotion. In Brazil, studies on the thematic are still scarce. Thus, the present study aimed to adapt, seek evidence of validity, reliability and estimate the parameters of the items of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire Short Form (HLS-Q12) for the Brazilian context. 770 individuals participated, recruited through advertisements in the media and social networks, 82.1% female, aged between 18 and 83 (M = 35.5, SD = 13.52), from 21 Federative Units of Brazil and the Federal District. The subjects answered the HLS-Q12 and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis indicated a unifactorial structure with good psychometric characteristics (GFI = 0.98; CFI = 0.98; RMSEA = 0.08; RMSR = 0.07). Cronbach's alpha, Guttman's lambda 2 and McDonald's omega reliability indicators were equal to 0.87. We conclude that the HLS-Q12 is an adequate instrument to assess the level of HL in the Brazilian population.

RESUMO: Literacia em saúde (LS) refere-se ao conhecimento, motivação e competências para entender, avaliar e aplicar informações de saúde, possibilitando a tomada de decisões adequadas na vida diária para o cuidado e promoção de saúde. Estudos apontam que a LS está associada a diversos determinantes sociais, desfechos em saúde e promoção da saúde. No Brasil ainda são escassos os estudos no tema. Dessa forma, o presente estudo objetivou adaptar, buscar evidências de validade, fidedignidade e estimar os parâmetros dos itens do European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire Short Form (HLS-Q12) para o contexto brasileiro. Participaram 770 indivíduos, recrutados por meio de anúncios nas mídias e redes sociais, 82,1% mulheres, com idades entre 18 e 83 anos (M = 35,5, DP = 13,52), de 21 Unidades Federativas do Brasil e do Distrito Federal. Os sujeitos responderam a HLS-Q12 e questionário sociodemográfico. A análise fatorial exploratória indicou uma estrutura unifatorial com bons parâmetros psicométricos (GFI = 0,98; CFI = 0,98; RMSEA = 0,08; RMSR = 0,07). Os indicadores de fidedignidade alfa de Cronbach, lambda 2 de Guttman e ômega de McDonald foram iguais a 0,87. Conclui-se que o HLS-Q12 apresenta-se como um instrumento adequado para aferir o nível de LS na população brasileira.

European health literacy survey questionnaire short form (HLS-Q12): adaptation and evidence of validity for the Brazilian context

Abstract Health literacy (HL) refers to knowledge, motivation and skills to understand, evaluate and apply health information, enabling appropriate decision making in daily life on health care and health promotion. Studies show that HL is associated with several social determinants, health outcomes, and health promotion. In Brazil, studies on the thematic are still scarce. Thus, the present study aimed to adapt, seek evidence of validity, reliability and estimate the parameters of the items of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire Short Form (HLS-Q12) for the Brazilian context. 770 individuals participated, recruited through advertisements in the media and social networks, 82.1% female, aged between 18 and 83 (M = 35.5, SD = 13.52), from 21 Federative Units of Brazil and the Federal District. The subjects answered the HLS-Q12 and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis indicated a unifactorial structure with good psychometric characteristics (GFI = 0.98; CFI = 0.98; RMSEA = 0.08; RMSR = 0.07). Cronbach's alpha, Guttman's lambda 2 and McDonald's omega reliability indicators were equal to 0.87. We conclude that the HLS-Q12 is an adequate instrument to assess the level of HL in the Brazilian population.

20 anos da comissão consultiva em avaliação psicológica: desafios da ADI 3481 / 20 years of the advisory committee on psychological assessment: challenges of ADI 3481 / 20 años de la comisión consultiva en evaluación psicológica: desafíos de la ADI 3481

A Comissão Consultiva em Avaliação Psicológica (CCAP) do Conselho Federal de Psicologia (CFP), em seu 20º aniversário, vem discutir os possíveis efeitos, ainda efetivamente desconhecidos, da Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade (ADI) 3481, instruída no Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), a qual desestruturou o modo como os testes psicológicos eram comercializados no Brasil. A livre comercialização de testes psicológicos coloca em risco a segurança de avaliações psicológicas e cabe à categoria profissional pensar estratégias de enfrentamento desses riscos. Neste artigo, são discutidos possíveis efeitos da ADI 3481 para a categoria profissional da psicologia, bem como para a sociedade em geral, e são também elencadas possíveis estratégias de enfrentamento desses riscos, sem desconsiderar aspectos éticos relacionados a eles. Dessa forma, busca-se neste manuscrito, além da problematização dos efeitos derivados da ADI 3481, pensar soluções ou alternativas que venham a redirecionar a trajetória da área da avaliação psicológica no Brasil. Com isso, abre-se um espaço de discussão e encaminhamentos que a categoria profissional precisará tomar nos próximos anos.(AU)

The Advisory Commission for Psychological Assessment of the Federal Council of Psychology discusses, on its 20th anniversary, the possible and still effectively unknown effects of the Direct Action of Unconstitutionality (DAU) 3481, following the Supreme Federal Court, which interrupted how psychological tests were marketed in Brazil. The free trade of psychological tests puts the safety of psychological assessments at risk, and this professional category must think of strategies to face these risks. This study discusses the possible effects of DAU 3481 for professional psychology and for society in general, listing possible strategies for coping with these risks without disregarding its ethical aspects. Thus, this study seeks to problematize the effects derived from DAU 3481 and think of solutions or alternatives that may redirect the trajectory of the field of psychological assessment in Brazil, thus opening a space for discussion and referrals professional psychology will require in the coming years.(AU)

La Comisión Consultiva en Evaluación Psicológica (CCEP) del Consejo Federal de Psicología (CFP), en su 20.º aniversario, propone discutir los posibles efectos aún efectivamente desconocidos de la Acción Directa de Inconstitucionalidad (ADI) 3481, determinada por el Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), por la cual trastornó la forma de comercializar las pruebas psicológicas en Brasil. La comercialización sin restricciones de las pruebas psicológicas pone en riesgo la seguridad de las evaluaciones psicológicas, y le corresponde a la categoría profesional pensar estrategias para enfrentar estos riesgos. En este artículo se discuten los posibles efectos de la ADI 3481 para la categoría profesional de la Psicología, así como para la sociedad en general, pero también se enumeran posibles estrategias para el enfrentamiento de estos riesgos, sin descuidar los aspectos éticos relacionados con ellos. Así, este manuscrito busca, además de problematizar los efectos derivados de la ADI 3481, pensar en soluciones o alternativas que puedan reconducir la trayectoria del campo de la evaluación psicológica en Brasil. Esto abre un espacio de discusión y derivaciones que la categoría profesional deberá tomar en los próximos años.(AU)

Uma revisão sobre instrumentos de avaliação do Burnout na segurança pública / A review of Burnout assessment instruments in public safety / Una revisión de los instrumentos de evaluación del desgaste en la seguridad pública

Objetivou-se mapear os instrumentos utilizados na avaliação da síndrome de Burnout em profissionais da segurança pública, indicando os aspectos psicométricos, amostras e variáveis associadas. Foram selecionados 19 estudos nas bases de dados pesquisadas (PsycINFO, PubMED e Google Scholar). Os resultados indicaram a utilização dos instrumentos MBI-GS, MBI-HSS, BM-S, CBI e CESQT, mas apenas um dos instrumentos apresentou evidência de validade nesse contexto. Constatou-se a associação do Burnout com variáveis pessoais, organizacionais e específicas. A comparação dos estudos e dos índices de Burnout foi limitada devido à falta de padronização. A ausência de evidências de validade e de padronização dos resultados acarreta problemas como a falta de suporte empírico das pontuações e dificuldade na comparação dos estudos. Os dados revelam limitações na avaliação dos níveis de Burnout utilizadas no contexto de segurança pública, uma vez que as medidas não apresentam evidências de validade para esse contexto, indicando a necessidade de pesquisas na área. (AU)

Aimed to map the instruments used in evaluating Burnout syndrome in public security professionals, indicating the psychometric aspects, samples, and associated variables. Nineteen studies were selected from the searched databases (PsycINFO, PubMED and Google Scholar). Results indicated that the instruments MBI-GS, MBI-HSS, BM-S, CBI and CESQT, but only one of the instruments showed evidence of validity in this context. Burnout was associated with personal, organizational, and specific variables. Comparison of studies and Burnout indices was limited due to the lack of standardization. The absence of evidence of validity and standardization of results leads to problems such as the lack of empirical support for the scores and difficulty in comparing studies. The data reveal limitations in the assessment of burnout levels used in the context of public safety, as the measures do not present validity evidence for this context, pointing to the need for research in the area. (AU)

El objetivo fue mapear los instrumentos utilizados en la evaluación del síndrome de Burnout en profesionales de la seguridad pública, indicando los aspectos psicométricos, muestras y variables asociadas. Se seleccionaron diecinueve estudios de las bases de datos buscadas (PsycINFO, PubMED y Google Scholar). Los resultados indicaron el uso de los instrumentos MBI-GS, MBI-HSS, BM-S, CBI y CESQT, pero solo uno de los instrumentos mostró evidencia de validez en este contexto. El Burnout se encuentra asociado con variables personales, organizacionales y específicas. La comparación de estudios e índices fue limitada debido a la falta de estandarización. La ausencia de evidencia de validez y estandarización de resultados conduce a problemas como la falta de soporte empírico para las puntuaciones y la dificultad para comparar estudios. Los datos revelan limitaciones en la evaluación de los niveles de burnout utilizados en el contexto de la seguridad pública, ya que las medidas no presentan evidencia de validez para este contexto, lo que apunta a la necesidad de realizar investigaciones en el área. (AU)

Burnout Syndrome Assessment Scale in Public Safety: Psychometric Parameters / Escala de Avaliação da Síndrome de Burnout na Segurança Pública: Parâmetros Psicométricos

ABSTRACT The burnout variable has been studied in different professions; however, it presents challenges in its measurement. The present study provides evidence of validity based on the internal structure of the Burnout Syndrome Assessment Scale in Public Security Workers (EASB-SP) and presents the estimation of item parameters through the Item Response Theory (IRT). A total of 10,885 public security agents from all states of Brazil participated in the study. The analyses indicated a three-factor structure, with adequate reliability indices and discrimination of the items. The Professional Fulfillment factor presented a lower theta value to be endorsed. The instrument was shown to be an adequate measure, with evidence of validity for the context of Brazilian public security.

RESUMO O Burnout tem sido uma variável estudada em diferentes profissões, embora com desafios em sua medida. O presente estudo apresenta evidências de validade baseada na estrutura interna da Escala de Avaliação da Síndrome de Burnout (EASB-SP) para a segurança pública, além de apresentar a estimativa dos parâmetros dos itens por meio da Teoria de Resposta ao Item (TRI). Participaram do estudo 10.885 agentes da segurança pública de todas as unidades federativas do Brasil. As análises indicaram uma estrutura tri-fatorial, com índices de fidedignidade e discriminação dos itens adequados. O fator de realização profissional indicou menor theta para ser endossado. O instrumento em questão apresenta-se como uma medida adequada e com evidências de validade para o contexto de segurança pública brasileira.

Desafios da avaliação psicológica no Brasil: nova realidade, velhas questões / Challenges for psychological assessment in Brazil: new reality, old issues / Desafíos de la evaluación psicológica en brasil: nueva realidad, viejos interrogantes

A avaliação psicológica (AP) constitui-se como uma um processo técnico-científico auxiliado por múltiplas ferramentas, que apresenta solidez no desenvolvimento de pesquisas que qualificam a prática e a formação em Psicologia. Sua relevância histórica e social é evidente, sendo que seus parâmetros estão em consonância com os mais rigorosos critérios praticados internacionalmente. Por essa via, considera-se que a AP constitui um importante recurso de proteção ao indivíduo e sociedade nos diferentes contextos de atuação. Ainda que apresente notório reconhecimento, há desafios que precisam ser enfrentados. Sob essa perspectiva, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo discutir os principais desafios presentes para uma AP mais qualificada, dentro dos elevados princípios éticos de nossa profissão. O trabalho está organizado de modo a traçar um panorama desses desafios, percorrendo tanto as esferas social, ética, de resoluções do Conselho Federal de Psicologia e de aspectos práticos, visando trazer contribuições que possam, por um lado, problematizar sobre a superação das dificuldades e, por outro, fortalecer ações que se revertam na superação dos desafios que hoje se apresentam.(AU)

Psychological assessment (PA) is a well established area in the development of research that helps to improve the quality of practice and training in psychology. Its historical and social relevance is clear, and its parameters are in line with the most rigorous criteria practiced internationally. In this way, it is considered that the PA protects society in the different contexts of action. Although it is well known, there are challenges that need to be faced. From this perspective, the present work aimed to discuss the main challenges present for quality PA, considering the strict ethical principles of the profession. The work is structured to identify these challenges, covering social and ethical considerations, the resolutions of the Federal Council of Psychology, and practical aspects. The goal is to provide contributions that can both problematize overcoming difficulties and strengthen actions to overcome them in the current context.(AU)

La evaluación psicológica (EP) se constituye un proceso técnico-científico apoyado en múltiples herramientas, que presenta solidez en el desarrollo de investigaciones que cualifican la práctica y la formación en psicología. Su relevancia histórica y social es evidente, y sus parámetros se ajustan con los criterios más rigurosos practicados internacionalmente. De esta forma, se considera que la EP es un recurso fundamental para la protección del individuo y de la sociedad en diferentes contextos de actuación. Aunque presenta un reconocimiento notorio, hay retos por afrontar. En esa perspectiva, el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo discutir los principales desafíos actuales para una EP más calificada, dentro de los altos principios éticos de nuestra profesión. El estudio está organizado para delinear estos desafíos, abarcando tanto la esfera social, ética, las resoluciones del Consejo Federal de Psicología y los aspectos prácticos. La finalidad es traer contribuciones que puedan no solo problematizar la superación de las dificultades, sino también, fortalecer las acciones que se revierten en la superación de los problemas que se presentan hoy.(AU)

Inflammatory profile in cervical cancer: influence of purinergic signaling and possible therapeutic targets.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Cervical cancer is the fourth most prevalent type of cancer in the world. The tumor microenvironment of this disease is associated with the production of several cytokines, pro and anti-inflammatory, and with the purinergic signaling system so that changes in these components are observed throughout the pathological process. The aim of this review is to understand the pathophysiology of cervical cancer based on immunological processes and purinergic signaling pathways, in addition to suggesting possibilities of therapeutic targets. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To make up this review, studies covering topics of cervical cancer, inflammation and purinergic system were selected from the Pubmed. RESULTS: The main pro-inflammatory cytokines involved are IL-17, IL-1ß, IL-6, and IL-18, and among the anti-inflammatory ones, IL-10 and TGF-ß stand out. As new therapeutic targets, P2X7 and A2A receptors have been suggested, since blocking P2X7 would lead to reduced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and blocking A2A would increase activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the context of tumor combat. The association between the immune system and the purinergic system, already known in other types of disease, also presents possibilities for a better understanding of biomolecular processes and therapeutic possibilities in the context of cervical cancer.

Novel possibility for cutaneous melanoma treatment by means of rosmarinic acid action on purinergic signaling.

Cancer cases have increased significantly in Brazil and worldwide, with cutaneous melanoma (CM) being responsible for nearly 57,000 deaths in the world. Thus, this review article aims at exploring and proposed hypotheses with respect to the possibility that RA can be a promising and alternative compound to be used as an adjuvant in melanoma treatment, acting on purinergic signaling. The scarcity of articles evidencing the action of this compound in this signaling pathway requires further studies. Considering diverse evidence found in the literature, we hypothesize that RA can be an effective candidate for the treatment of CM acting as a modulating molecule of purinergic cellular pathway through P2X7 blocking, mitigating the Warburg effect, and as antagonic molecule of the P2Y12 receptor, reducing the formation of adhesive molecules that prevent adherence in tumor cells. In this way, our proposals for CM treatment based on targeting purinergic signaling permeate the integral practice, going from intracell to extracell. Undoubtedly, much is still to be discovered and elucidated about this promising compound, this paper being an interesting work baseline to support more research studies.

Stress Mindset Measure: A Study of Acquiescence Control and Factor Invariance Between the Regions of Brazil / Escala de Mentalidade Sobre o Estresse: Estudo de Controle de Aquiescência e Invariância Fatorial entre Regiões Brasileiras / Escala de Mentalidad de Estrés: Un Estudio de Control de la Aquiescencia y la Invariancia Factorial entre las Regiones Brasileñas

Abstract Stress mindset is defined as the belief that stress can lead to enriching or debilitating consequences in different spheres of life. The present research aimed to estimate new validity evidences based on the internal structure, using acquiescence control methods for the Stress Mindset Scale. A sample of 2,121 participants (77.7% female) responded to the Stress Mindset, Life satisfaction, Positive and Negative affects Scales. Confirmatory factor analysis with random intercept suggested adequacy of the one-dimensional structure (CFI = 0.993; TLI = 0.990; RMSEA = 0.039), and a good level of reliability ω= 0.85. The multigroup factor analysis showed invariance of the model as a function of the origin of the respondents considering the different geographic regions of the country. The results demonstrate the adequacy of the Brazilian version of the instrument and the importance of controlling acquiescence in estimating the internal structure.

Resumo A Mentalidade sobre estresse é definida como a crença de que o estresse pode levar a consequências enriquecedoras ou debilitantes a diferentes esferas da vida. O presente estudo teve por objetivo estimar novas evidências de validade com base na estrutura interna, empregando-se métodos de controle de aquiescência para a Escala de mentalidade sobre o Estresse. Uma amostra de 2.121 participantes (77,7% feminino) respondeu à escala de mentalidade sobre estresse, satisfação com a vida, afetos positivos e negativos. A análise fatorial confirmatória com intercepto randômico sugeriu adequação da estrutura unidimensional (CFI = 0,993; TLI = 0,990; RMSEA = 0,039), e bom nível precisão ω= 0,85. A análise fatorial multigrupo demonstrou invariância do modelo em função da origem dos respondentes considerando as diferentes regiões geográficas do país. Os resultados demonstram adequação da versão brasileira do instrumento e a importância do controle da aquiescência na estimativa da estrutura interna.

Resumen La mentalidad de estrés se define como la creencia de que el estrés puede tener consecuencias enriquecedoras o debilitantes en diferentes esferas de la vida. Presente investigación tuvo como objetivo estimar nuevas evidencias de validez a partir de la estructura interna, utilizando métodos de control de aquiescencia para la Escala de Mentalidad sobre Estrés. Muestra de 2.121 participantes (77,7% mujeres) respondió a la escala de mentalidad sobre estrés, satisfacción con la vida, afecto positivo y negativo. Análisis factorial confirmatorio con intercepto aleatorio sugirió adecuación de la estructura unidimensional (CFI = 0,993; TLI = 0,990; RMSEA = 0,039), y buen nivel de precisión (ω = 0,85). Análisis factorial multigrupo mostró invariancia del modelo en función de la procedencia de los encuestados considerando las diferentes regiones geográficas del país. Resultados demuestran adecuación de la versión brasileña del instrumento y importancia de controlar aquiescencia en la estimación de la estructura interna.

DASS-21: assessment of psychological distress through the Bifactor Model and item analysis / DASS-21: avaliação do distresse psicológico pelo Modelo Bifactor e análise dos itens / DASS-21: evaluación del distrés psicológico mediante el Modelo Bifactor y análisis de ítems

The term distress has been used to refer to a continuous variable operationalized through symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. In this study, psychological distress is measured using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Confirmatory Factor Analysis compared the fit of different measurement models for the DASS-21, with the parameters of the items verified through the Andrich rating scale model. A non-clinical sample of 530 participants (mean age=24.35±6.55 years; 71.89% women) responded to the instrument. According to the theoretical hypothesis, the results indicated a better fit for the bifactor model, composed of three specific factors (depression, anxiety, and stress) and a general factor (general psychological distress). The assessment of the item properties allowed for a better understanding of the organization of the continuum represented by the construct psychological distress. It is possible to conclude that the Brazilian version of the DASS-21 is an adequate measure for psychological distress. (AU)

O termo "distresse" psicológico tem sido utilizado na literatura para se referir a uma variável contínua operacionalizada por meio dos sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse. Esta pesquisa propõe a utilização da Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse (DASS-21) para avaliação do distresse psicológico. Comparou-se o ajuste de diferentes modelos de medidas propostos a DASS-21 por meio da análise fatorial confirmatória e verificou-se os parâmetros dos itens com o Andrich rating scale model. Uma amostra não clínica de 530 participantes (idade: M = 24,35, DP = 6,55, 71,89% mulheres), respondeu ao instrumento. Os resultados indicaram melhor adequação do modelo bifactor composto por três fatores específicos (depressão, ansiedade e estresse) e um fator geral (distresse psicológico geral), conforme hipótese teórica. A avaliação das propriedades dos itens possibilitou melhor compreensão da organização do contínuo representado pelo construto distresse psicológico (severidade dos sintomas). Conclui-se que a versão brasileira da DASS-21 é uma medida adequada do distresse psicológico geral. (AU)

El término distrés psicológico se ha utilizado en la literatura para referirse una variable continua operada por medio de los síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y el estrés. En esta investigación el distrés psicológico se mide a través de la Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés (DASS-21). El Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio comparó el ajuste de diferentes modelos de medición para la DASS-21 y los parámetros de los ítems se verificaron a través de la Andrich rating scale model. Una muestra no clínica de 530 participantes (24,35 ± 6,55, 71,89% mujeres), respondieron al instrumento. Los resultados indicaron una mejor adecuación del modelo bifactor compuesto por tres factores específicos (depresión, ansiedad y estrés) y un factor general (distrés psicológico general), lo que correspondió con la expectativa teórica. La evaluación de las propiedades del ítem permitió una mejor comprensión de la organización del continuo representado por el constructo distrés psicológico. Se concluye que la versión brasileña DASS-21 es una medida adecuada del distrés psicológico general. (AU)

Por que regulamentar o uso e acesso aos Testes Psicológicos? / Why regulate the use of and access to Psychological Tests? / ¿Por qué regular el uso y el acceso a las pruebas psicológicas?

A regulamentação da avaliação psicológica, e mais especificamente dos testes psicológicos, é motivo de preocupação e debate no cenário nacional há várias décadas. O objetivo deste artigo foi ponderar e problematizar sobre a possível ausência de regulamentação no que diz respeito ao uso e comercialização dos testes psicológicos e suas consequências para os indivíduos, sociedade e resultado da avaliação psicológica. Para isso o artigo traz um breve histórico da avaliação psicológica no Brasil, perpassando pela construção e estruturação do sistema de avaliação de testes psicológicos (Satepsi), o julgamento da Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade (ADI) 3481 pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, e ponderando acerca da necessidade, razoabilidade e adequação da regulamentação do uso e acesso aos testes psicológicos. Os autores concluem que a restrição de acesso aos testes psicológicos não possui potencial lesivo para os indivíduos, sociedade ou instrumento psicológico, mas seu acesso ou comercialização indiscriminada sim. (AU)

The regulation of psychological assessments, and more specifically of psychological tests, has been a matter of concern and debate in the national context for several decades. The aim of this article was to consider and discuss the possible lack of regulation regarding the use and commercialization of psychological tests and the consequences for individuals, society and the results of the psychological assessment. For this, the article provides a brief history of psychological assessment in Brazil, passing through the construction and structuring of the psychological test assessment system (Satepsi), the judgment of the Direct Action of Unconstitutionality (ADI) 3481 by the Supreme Court, and considering the need, reasonableness and adequacy of regulation of the use of and access to psychological tests. The authors conclude that the restriction of access to psychological tests is not potentially harmful for individuals, society or psychological instrument, however, open access or indiscriminate commercialization could be. (AU)

La regulación de la evaluación psicológica y, más específicamente, de los tests psicológicos, ha sido un tema de preocupación y debate en el escenario nacional durante varias décadas. El objetivo de este artículo fue considerar y discutir la posible falta de regulación sobre el uso y comercialización de tests psicológicos y sus consecuencias para los individuos, la sociedad y resultado de la evaluación psicológica. Para ello, el artículo brinda una breve historia de la evaluación psicológica en Brasil, pasando por la construcción y estructuración del sistema de evaluación de tests psicológicos (Satepsi), la sentencia de Acción Directa de Inconstitucionalidad (ADI) 3481 del Supremo Tribunal Federal, y ​​considerando la necesidad, razonabilidad y adecuación de la regulación del uso y acceso a los tests psicológicos. Los autores concluyen que la restricción del acceso a los tests psicológicos no tiene potencial dañoso para los individuos, la sociedad o el instrumento psicológico, pero sí su acceso o comercialización indiscriminada. (AU)

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Kessler Distress Scale (K10): an application of the rating scale model.

BACKGROUND: The Kessler Distress Scale (K10) is a self-report scale for the assessment of non-specific psychological distress in the general and clinical population. Because of its ease of application and good psychometric properties, the K10 has been adapted to several cultures. The present study seeks to adapt the K10 to Brazilian Portuguese and estimate its validity evidence and reliability. METHODS: A total of 1914 individuals from the general population participated in the study (age = 34.88, SD = 13.61, 77.7% female). The adjustment indices were compared among three different measurement models proposed for the K10 through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The items' properties were analyzed by Andrich's Rating Scale Model (RSM). Furthermore, evidence based on relations to other variables (depression, stress, anxiety, positive and negative affects, and satisfaction with life) was estimated. RESULTS: CFA indicated the adequacy of the bifactor model (CFI= 0.985; TLI= 0.973; SMR= 0.019; RMSEA= 0.050), composed of two specific factors (depression and anxiety) and one general factor (psychological distress), corresponding to the theoretical hypothesis. Additionally, it was observed multiple-group invariance by gender and age range. The RSM provided an understanding of the organization of the continuum represented by the psychological distress construct (items difficulty), which varied from -0.89 to 1.00; good adjustment indexes; infit between 0.67 and 1.32; outfit between 0.68 and 1.34; and desirable reliability, α= 0.87. Lastly, theoretically coherent associations with the external variables were observed. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the Brazilian version of the K10 is a suitable measure of psychological distress for the Brazilian population.

Practicing Social Isolation During a Pandemic in Brazil: A Description of Psychosocial Characteristics and Traits of Personality During COVID-19 Lockout.

The experience of the pandemic caused by the Coronavirus and the consequent disease triggered by it (COVID-19) brought to light fragilities that have been long overlooked by the scientific community and by various political and social institutions. The pandemic also brought to the fore certain social practices resulting from individual behaviors, such as wearing a mask and practicing social isolation. It demonstrated the need for social commitment and pro-social behaviors if societies are to respond successfully. The purpose of this article is to evaluate psychological and sociodemographic characteristics associated with compliance or noncompliance of individuals with these practices in two different phases of the pandemic experience in Brazil: in the first month and after three months. Participants for the first phase of the study were recruited through advertisements in the media and social networks. 1,914 individuals aged between 14 and 81 years agreed to participate, 78.2% of these were women, from 25 Federative Units in Brazil. In the second phase, 761 individuals who participated in the first phase, were reassessed. The authors used the following instruments for data collection: a standardized questionnaire collecting information of sociodemographic characteristics and dynamics of social isolation; the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale; the Life Satisfaction Scale; the Positive and Negative Affections Scale; and the Reduced Personality Markers and Stress Mindset Scale. All instruments used presented evidence of validity and adequate reliability indexes. The comparison of categorical exploratory variables with motives for following social isolation protocols was performed using Pearson's Chi-square, and the comparison of continuous exploratory variables was performed using the Mann-Whitney test. Covariance Analysis was performed using as covariates those that showed significance/effect on isolation in previous analyses. The results showed that respondents practicing social isolation to comply with governmental recommendations had lower scores on the scales of neuroticism and conscientiousness. They reported also less stress, anxiety, and depression, and less general distress. Overall, these respondents also displayed more positive affect, and tended to reframe stress in a more positive way than others. These preliminary results describe the psychological characteristics of individuals and their associations with social behaviors in a period of collective stress and high social risk.

Social isolation in Brazil: analysis of adherence, influence of personality, well-being and psychological distress / Isolamento social no Brasil: análise da adesão, influência da personalidade, bem-estar e angústia psicológica / Aislamiento social en Brasil: análisis de adherencia, influencia de la personalidad, bienestar y angustia psicológica

At the end of 2019, the world was shaken by a public health problem, COVID-19. To combat it, the WHO recommended social isolation which, despite the benefits in reducing contagion, can have psychological consequences. This article aimed to evaluate the sociodemographic and personal characteristics that can influence social isolation. A total of 1,914 individuals, aged between 14 and 86, 77.7% of whom were women, from 25 Federative Units in Brazil, participated in the study. It was observed that people with elementary or secondary education only, with incomes below the minimum wage, of black ethnicity and who seek information about the pandemic on social networks, are those who have observed significantly less social isolation. People who did not adhere to isolation had higher levels of positive affect and stress mindset and lower levels of conscientiousness. The findings suggest the importance of recognizing relevant social and psychological characteristics for engaging in restrictive measures.

No fim de 2019 o mundo foi surpreendido por um problema de saúde pública, a COVID-19. Como medidas para seu enfrentamento a OMS recomendou o isolamento social que, apesar dos benefícios para diminuição do contágio pode trazer consequências psicológicas. Este artigo buscou avaliar as características sociodemográficas e pessoais que podem influenciar no isolamento social. Participaram do estudo 1.914 indivíduos, com idades entre 14 e 86 anos, 77,7% mulheres, de 25 Unidades Federativas do Brasil. Observou-se que pessoas com ensino fundamental ou médio, com renda inferior a um salário mínimo, de etnia negra e que buscam informações sobre a pandemia em rede sociais são as que realizaram significativamente menos isolamento social. Pessoas que não aderiram ao isolamento apresentavam maiores níveis de afetos positivos e mentalidade sobre o estresse e menores níveis de conscienciosidade. Os achados sugerem a importância de reconhecer características sociais e psicológicas relevantes para o engajamento em medidas restritivas.

A finales de 2019, el mundo se sorprendió con un problema de salud pública, COVID-19. Como medidas para combatirlo, la OMS recomendó el aislamiento social, que, a pesar de los beneficios para reducir el contagio, puede tener consecuencias psicológicas. Este artículo buscó evaluar las características sociodemográficas y personales que pueden influir en el aislamiento social. 1.914 personas, con edades comprendidas entre 14 y 86 años, 77,7% mujeres, de 25 unidades federativas en Brasil participaron en el estudio. Se observó que las personas con educación primaria o secundaria, con ingresos inferiores al salario mínimo, de etnia negra y que buscan información sobre la pandemia en las redes sociales son aquellas que han logrado un aislamiento social significativamente menor. Las personas que no adhirieron al aislamiento tenían niveles más altos de afectos positivos y mentalidad sobre el estrés y niveles más bajos de concienciosidad. Los resultados sugieren la importancia de reconocer características sociales y psicológicas relevantes para participar en medidas restrictivas.

Effects of time-restricted feeding in weight loss, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk in obese women.

BACKGROUND: The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among the worldwide population has been associated with a range of adverse health consequences such as Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiometabolic abnormalities that occur more commonly in overweight individuals. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a dietary approach used for weight loss and overall health. TRF may be an option for those subjects who struggle with extreme restriction diets with foods that generally do not belong to an individual's habits. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of TRF on body composition and the association of weight loss with metabolic and cardiovascular risks in obese middle-aged women. METHODS: A non-randomized controlled clinical trial was performed over 3 months in obese women (TRF group, n = 20, BMI 32.53 ± 1.13 vs. Control n = 12, BMI 34.55 ± 1.20). The TRF protocol adopted was 16 h without any energy intake followed by 8 h of normal food intake. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Anthropometric measurements, body composition, blood biomarkers, cardiovascular risk in 30 years (CVDRisk30y), and quality of life were evaluated at baseline and after the 3 months. RESULTS: TRF was effective in reducing weight (~ 4 kg), BMI, % of body fat (%BF), waist circumference from baseline without changes in blood biomarkers associated with MetS. TRF promoted a reduction in CVDRisk30y (12%) wich was moderately correlated with %BF (r = 0.62, n = 64, p < 0.001) and %MM (r = - 0.74, n = 64, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: TRF protocol reduces body weight without changes in biomarkers related to MetS. In addition, the anthropometric evaluation that predicts %BF and %MM could be used as an approach to follow individuals engaged in the TRF regimen since they correlate with cardiovascular risk.

Desafios do ensino da avaliação psicológica no Brasil: adaptando ações / Challenges in teaching psychological assessment in Brazil: adapting actions / Desafíos en la enseñanza de la evaluación psicológica en Brasil: adaptación de acciones

A pandemia da Covid-19 exigiu muitas mudanças em diversas áreas da Psicologia, como, por exemplo, a Avaliação Psicológica. Formas de ensino na modalidade presencial não se mostraram eficientes na modalidade remota e foi preciso uma adaptação cuidadosa que não fragilizasse o ensino e cuidasse das técnicas utilizadas, como os testes psicológicos. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo é discutir a formação em Avaliação Psicológica, contudo, dessa vez, a luz do desafio decorrente da vivência da pandemia de Covid-19. Pretende-se, dessa maneira, oferecer subsídios para um ensino de qualidade para o momento vivido atualmente. (AU)

The Covid-19 pandemic required many changes in several areas of Psychology, such as Psychological Assessment. The face-to-face teaching methods did not prove efficient in the remote modality and thus there was a need for a careful adaptation that would address techniques, such as psychological assessments, without impairing learning. Therefore, this study aimed to discuss training in psychological assessment, in light of the challenge resulting from the experience of the Covid-19 pandemic. Hence, we intend to offer subsidies for quality training in psychological assessment for the moment currently experienced. (AU)

La pandemia de Covid-19 requirió muchos cambios en varias áreas de la psicología, como la evaluación psicológica. Los métodos de enseñanza en la modalidad presencial no resultaron eficientes en la modalidad remota, y se requirió una cuidadosa adaptación que no debilitara la docencia y cuidara las técnicas utilizadas, como las pruebas psicológicas. Así, el objetivo del presente estudio es discutir la formación en Evaluación Psicológica, sin embargo, esta vez, a la luz del desafío que surge de la experiencia de la pandemia Covid-19. De esta forma, se pretende ofrecer subvenciones para la educación de calidad para el momento que estamos viviendo. (AU)

Validity Evidence of the Autistic Spectrum Disorder Behavior Scale / Evidências de Validade da Escala de Comportamentos do Transtorno do Espectro Autista / Validez de la Escala de Comportamiento del Trastorno del Espectro Autista

Abstract Screening instruments to detect symptoms of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in the school setting are still needed. The study aimed to develop the Autistic Spectrum Disorder Behavior Scale (ASD-BS) according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V). The scale consists of 31 items, divided into communication; social interactions; restrictive, repetitive and ritual behaviors; and other indicators. The content validity included five expert judges and a pilot sample with 29 children between six and 12 years old. The results were shown to be adequate, all items reached agreement rates above 80% and Kappa of 0.84. Exploratory statistical analyzes showed Cronbach's alpha equal to 0.78, sensitivity values ranging from 86 to 93% and specificity from 34 to 100%. ASD-BS is of quick implementation, uses the teacher as an informant and contributes to psychological assessment.

Resumo Instrumentos de rastreio para detectar sintomas do Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) no contexto escolar ainda são necessários. O estudo teve por objetivo a construção da Escala de Comportamentos do Transtorno do Espectro Autista (EC-TEA) de acordo com os critérios do Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais (DSM-V). A escala é composta por 31 itens, divididos em comunicação; interações sociais; comportamentos restritivos, repetitivos e rituais; e outros indicadores. A validade de conteúdo contou com cinco juízes especialistas e amostra piloto com 29 crianças entre seis e 12 anos. Os resultados se mostraram adequados, todos os itens alcançaram índices de concordâncias acima de 80% e Kappa de 0,84. As análises estatísticas exploratórias demonstraram Alfa de Cronbach igual a 0,78, valores de sensibilidade variando de 86 a 93% e especificidade de 34 a 100%. EC-TEA é de rápida aplicação, utiliza o professor como informante e contribui com a avaliação psicológica.

Resumen Aún se necesitan instrumentos de cribado para detectar los síntomas del trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) en el contexto escolar. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo construir la Escala de Comportamiento del Trastorno del Espectro Autista (EC-TEA) según los criterios del Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales (DSM-V). La escala consta de 31 ítems, divididos en comunicación; interacciones sociales; conductas restrictivas, repetitivas y rituales; y otros indicadores. La validez de contenido incluyó a cinco jueces expertos y la muestra piloto con 29 niños de entre 6 y 12 años de edad. Los resultados demostraron ser adecuados, todos los ítems alcanzaron tasas de acuerdo superiores al 80% y el Kappa de 0,84. Los análisis estadísticos exploratorios mostraron un alfa de Cronbach igual a 0,78, valores de sensibilidad que oscilan entre el 86% y el 93% y una especificidad del 34% al 100%. EC-TEA se aplica rápidamente, utiliza al profesor como informante y contribuye a la evaluación psicológica.

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Kessler Distress Scale (K10): an application of the rating scale model

Abstract: Background: The Kessler Distress Scale (K10) is a self-report scale for the assessment of non-specific psychological distress in the general and clinical population. Because of its ease of application and good psychometric properties, the K10 has been adapted to several cultures. The present study seeks to adapt the K10 to Brazilian Portuguese and estimate its validity evidence and reliability. Methods: A total of 1914 individuals from the general population participated in the study (age = 34.88, SD = 13.61, 77.7% female). The adjustment indices were compared among three different measurement models proposed for the K10 through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The items' properties were analyzed by Andrich's Rating Scale Model (RSM). Furthermore, evidence based on relations to other variables (depression, stress, anxiety, positive and negative affects, and satisfaction with life) was estimated. Results: CFA indicated the adequacy of the bifactor model (CFI= 0.985; TLI= 0.973; SMR= 0.019; RMSEA= 0.050), composed of two specific factors (depression and anxiety) and one general factor (psychological distress), corresponding to the theoretical hypothesis. Additionally, it was observed multiple-group invariance by gender and age range. The RSM provided an understanding of the organization of the continuum represented by the psychological distress construct (items difficulty), which varied from -0.89 to 1.00; good adjustment indexes; infit between 0.67 and 1.32; outfit between 0.68 and 1.34; and desirable reliability, α= 0.87. Lastly, theoretically coherent associations with the external variables were observed. Conclusions: It is concluded that the Brazilian version of the K10 is a suitable measure of psychological distress for the Brazilian population.