ABSTRACT
An analytical method based on capillary electrophoresis (CE) with a partially aqueous electrolyte system was developed to enable the free fatty acids of Brazil nut oil to be identified in cosmetic formulations. In this study, a gel cream formulation was developed and its oil phase was extracted with a mixture of chloroform-methanol-water (1:2:0.8 v/v/v). The chloroform layer was saponified with a methanolic solution of NaOH (0.5 mol L-1) at 75-80 °C for 25 minutes. Experiments were carried out on a Beckman PACE/MDQ CE system (Fullerton, CA, USA) equipped with an on-column, diode-array detection system set at 254 nm and at 25ºC. The electrolyte consisted of 12.5 mmol L-1 sodium tetraborate buffer pH 7.0, 12.5 mmol L-1 polyoxyethylene 23-lauryl ether, 7.5 mmol L-1 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (used as chromophore for indirect UV detection) and acetonitrile (35% v/v). The proposed method allowed the separation and identification of the fatty acids of Brazil nut oil in a cosmetic gel cream, as well as enabling possible interference by the oily phase components in the formulation to be identified.
Um método de análise por eletroforese capilar com sistema de eletrólito parcialmente aquoso foi desenvolvido para identificar os ácidos graxos livres do óleo de Castanha do Brasil em formulações cosméticas. No presente trabalho foi desenvolvida uma formulação cosmética (gel creme) cuja fase oleosa foi extraída com uma mistura de clorofórmio-metanol-água (1:2:0.8 v/v/v). A camada de clorofórmio, foi saponificada com solução de NaOH em metanol (0,5 mol L-1) a 75-80 °C durante 25 minutos. Os experimentos foram realizados em sistema de eletroforese capilar Beckman PACE/MDQ (Fullerton, CA, USA), com detecção de arranjo de diodos a 254 nm e a 25 ºC. O eletrólito utilizado foi 12,5 mmol L-1 de tetraborato de sódio tampão a pH 7,0, 12,5 mmol L-1 de éter de polioxietileno 23-lauril, 7,5 mmol L-1 de dodecilbenzenosulfonato de sódio (utilizado como agente cromóforo para detecção UV indireta) e acetonitrila (35% v/v). O método proposto permitiu a separação e a identificação dos ácidos graxos do óleo de Castanha do Brasil em formulações cosméticas, bem como possibilitou a identificação de interferências presentes na fase oleosa da formulação.
Subject(s)
Cosmetics , Electrophoresis, Capillary , Fatty AcidsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate with contrast MR the evolution in size, signal, and contrast enhancement of optic pathway lesions in four patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. METHODS: The four reported patients are children with ages ranging from 21 months to 13 years affected by neurofibromatosis type 1 and optic pathway lesions. No treatment of the optic pathway lesions was carried out in these patients. They have been followed by serial contrast MR. RESULTS: In all patients a change in size, signal, and enhancement of optic pathways lesions was noted with time, and in the last follow-up study a marked reduction in size and enhancement of optic pathway lesions was observed in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Modification and regression of optic pathway lesions with spontaneous disappearance of the enhancement is demonstrated. This finding could have a crucial influence on the therapeutic approach of the optic pathway lesions.
Subject(s)
Cranial Nerve Neoplasms/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Neurofibromatosis 1/diagnosis , Optic Nerve Diseases/diagnosis , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Contrast Media , Drug Combinations , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Gadolinium DTPA , Humans , Infant , Male , Meglumine , Optic Nerve/pathology , Organometallic Compounds , Pentetic Acid/analogs & derivativesABSTRACT
The Authors describe the case of an immunologically healthy 14 year old boy presenting a hepatic infection with multiple abscesses. This case is of particular interest because of its rarity in Pediatrics. Probable etiologies, pathogenic mechanisms and treatments are discussed. The Authors underline the usefulness of ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool and as a non-invasive means of following the course of the disease.
Subject(s)
Liver Abscess , Adolescent , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Imipenem/administration & dosage , Imipenem/therapeutic use , Liver Abscess/diagnostic imaging , Liver Abscess/drug therapy , Male , Time Factors , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Twenty-five asymptomatic patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF 1), aged 6-21 years, underwent the following examinations: intracranial magnetic resonance testing (MRI), visual acuity testing, ophthalmoscopy, and visual field and pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (VEPs). MRI showed enlargement of one or both optic nerves in six children, with bilateral involvement in three. VEPs were normal in all these patients; two of them had abnormalities on other visual examinations, although there were no subjective visual disturbances. These results show that VEPs cannot be considered as a screening test for optic pathway lesions in children with NF 1, as previously stated, and that other types of visual function examination may be more sensitive. These data may contribute to the establishment of more precise guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of children with NF 1.
Subject(s)
Glioma/complications , Glioma/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Neurofibromatosis 1/complications , Optic Nerve/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Evoked Potentials, Visual , Female , Glioma/pathology , Humans , Male , Vision Disorders/etiology , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
We compared the results, by prenatal ultrasonography, effected on 2592 foetus at the 15th-25th-35th weeks of gestation with the ones, made by postnatal ultrasonography, effected the 5th day of life on 2539 infants born from pregnancies previously monitored. We considered the obstructive and not obstructive malformations. The prenatal ultrasonography put in evidence 19 cases of urological pathology, which is 0.75%. The postnatal research established the truth of 14 cases, which is 0.55%; 7 cases underwent a precocious surgical operation. Percentage of positive false is 0.2%. The postnatal ultrasonography made evident 30 cases which can be considered pathological: 25 uropathy obstructive cases and 5 uropathy not-obstructive cases; 3 of them underwent precocious surgical operation. The result is 44 pathological cases (1.74% of infants). We also considered an heterogeneous group of non-nephro-urological anomalies (0.47%), a casual medical report of this research; in particular, 10 cases of surrenal hematoma and 1 case of neuroblastoma. The Authors remark that it's useful to complete the prenatal ultrasonographic research with another postnatal ultrasonographic research, particularly in the nephro-urological pathology; and they hope this system can be much more diffuse.
Subject(s)
Neonatal Screening/methods , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Urologic Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Urologic Diseases/congenital , Urologic Diseases/epidemiologyABSTRACT
A case of Reye's syndrome in an unweaned child aged 5 1/2 months is reported. The boy presented ingravescent neurological symptomatology accompanied by sporadic gastrointestinal signs and by marked renal impairment, with total, or nearly total absence of pathognomonic laboratory data. The diagnosis was confirmed by autopsy.
Subject(s)
Reye Syndrome/pathology , Fever/etiology , Humans , Infant , Male , Melena/etiology , Muscle Contraction , Reye Syndrome/complications , Seizures/etiology , Syncope/etiologyABSTRACT
The influence of various maternal and neonatal factors on blood bilirubin is examined. An increase in neonatal values may be due to the relatively advanced age of the mother, whereas neonatal age, sex and weight, increase in maternal weight during pregnancy, and maternal body surface area would appear to be without influence.
