ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Yield, disease tolerance, and climate adaptation are important traits in grapevine genetic breeding programs. Selection for these characteristics causes unpredictable changes in primary and specialized metabolism, affecting the physicochemical properties and chemical composition of the berries and their processed products, juice, and wine. In this study, we investigated the influence of the genetic distance between grapevine genotypes on the chemical signatures of the juices, by integrating comprehensive metabolic profiling to genetic analyses. RESULTS: The studied grapevine cultivars exhibited low genetic diversity. Breeding for agronomic traits promoted higher contents of soluble sugars, total phenolics, and anthocyanins in the juices. Untargeted juice metabolomics identified a total of 147 metabolites, consisting of 30 volatiles, 21 phenolics, and 96 ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) features. Juices from grapes of the most recent cultivars exhibited increased levels of trans-resveratrol, catechin, and luteolin. The blend of volatiles from juices of later cultivars was also more complex, consisting of 29 distinct metabolites in 'BRS Magna'. Grapes from 'BRS Carmem', an intermediate cultivar, gave the most divergent UHPLC-MS juice profile. CONCLUSION: Contents of soluble solids, total phenolics, and anthocyanins in grape juices were increased by controlled crosses and hybrid selection. Integrative analyses demonstrated that the juices' metabolic profiles accurately represent the cultivars' genetic distances. Juices from 'BRS Violeta' and 'BRS Magna' show relevant positive association with health-related phenolics and a distinct set of odor volatiles, although these characteristics were specifically sought by breeding. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Subject(s)
Vitis , Wine , Anthocyanins/analysis , Plant Breeding , Resveratrol/analysis , Vitis/chemistry , Wine/analysis , Phenols/chemistry , Fruit/chemistryABSTRACT
Some biogenic amines (BAs) are used as quality markers in grape-derived products. The prolife of 9 BAs was determined in juices and wines elaborated from hybrid grapes. Low levels of histamine, tyramine and cadaverine were found. Juices elaborated from 'BRS Rúbea' showed the highest tyramine levels (1.56 mg/L), while no histamine was found in wines elaborated from 'Seleção 34' and its higher content was detected in 'BRS Carmem' (3.55 mg/L). Juices elaborated from 'BRS Violeta' showed elevated content (472.88 mg/L) of total phenolic compounds (TPC) and mono-hydrated serotonin (6.20 mg/L), and wines elaborated from 'Violeta' presented a high serotonin mono-hydrate content (23.63 mg/L) and high antioxidant activity with FRAP test (77.24 mmol FeSO4/L). Juices elaborated from hybrid grapes 'BRS Violeta' and wines from 'BRS Violeta', 'Seleção 34' and 'Seleção 13' had high levels of bioactive compounds, emphasizing the great potential of these cultivars for winemaking.
Subject(s)
Vitis , Wine , Antioxidants , Biogenic Amines , BrazilABSTRACT
In contrast to the most worldwide used grape varieties, wine production in Brazil is mainly devoted to the elaboration of table wines from American grapes and hybrids. These grapes show initial disadvantages such as low soluble solids content in their optimal stage of ripening and poor color quality. Based on this, the Brazilian Agency EMBRAPA Grape and Wine has developed BRS type cultivars in order to enhance the quality of the table wines. This study analyzed the phenolic composition and sensory profile of BRS Rúbea and BRS Cora red wines elaborated by traditional and two alternative winemaking technologies: grape pre-drying and submerged cap of chaptalized musts. Pre-dried wines presented low concentrations of anthocyanins/pyranoanthocyanins and flavonols, suggesting that they were partially degraded by the thermal treatment (60°C). These wines were described as bitter and full-bodied because of their higher flavan-3-ols content, suggesting that these compounds were not greatly influenced by thermal degradation. Submerged cap was described as persistent to the palate and with an intense violet hue due to its high anthocyanin and flavonol concentrations. The antioxidant capacity presented a weak relationship with the anthocyanins and stilbenes, but was intensely related to the % of galloylated flavan-3-ols.
ABSTRACT
Brazilian wine production is dominated by the use of American grape cultivars (Vitis labrusca L.) and their hybrids. In this context, this study analyzed the phenolic composition and sensory profile of Bordô and BRS Carmem red wines elaborated from traditional and two alternative winemaking technologies: grape pre-drying and submerged cap of chaptalized musts. Anthocyanins and pyranoanthocyanins apparently seemed to be affected by the thermal process (60°C), causing their degradation. In addition, the decrease of the concentration of these compounds could be suggested as a result of possible oxidation and hydrolysis reactions of anthocyanin 3-glucosides. Stilbenes were also affected by thermal degradation; however, flavan-3-ols and HCAD seemed to be less affected by the drying process. Submerged cap winemaking resulted in an increase of the anthocyanin and pyranoanthocyanin compounds due to the constant contact between the must and pomace during the alcoholic fermentation. The antioxidant capacity seemed not to be affected by thermal degradation, since the products of Maillard reaction also present antioxidant properties. Pre-dried wines were described as structured due to their higher flavan-3-ols content, and with high color intensity probably due to the formation of Maillard reaction products. The submerged cap wines presented an intense violet hue due to their high anthocyanin derivative concentrations and showed strong correlation with all other classes of the phenolic compounds.
ABSTRACT
Atualmente, são produzidas milhões de toneladas de resíduos provenientes do processamento agroindustrial. Muitos deles são ricos em compostos bioativos sendo potenciais fontes naturais dessas substâncias. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o teor de compostos fenólicos totais, a atividade antioxidante e a composição fenólica de três resíduos gerados por agroindústrias brasileiras: bagaço de uva Isabel (BI) (Vitis labrusca), bagaço de uva Verdejo (BV) (Vitis vinifera) e bagaço de goiaba (BG) (Psidium guajava). Os resultados do teor de compostos fenólicos totais (mg GAE g-1) encontrados nos extratos etanólicos e aquosos dos resíduos foram, respectivamente: BV (20,94±0,46; 8,03±0,43)> BI (16,57±0,19; 4,41±0,01)> BG (3,41±0,09; 1,88±0,06). Alta atividade antioxidante, principalmente em BV e BI, foi verificada nos ensaios realizados (ABTS ●, DPPH ● e auto-oxidação do sistema beta-caroteno/ácido linoléico). Uma forte correlação positiva entre atividade antioxidante e o teor de compostos fenólicos totais foi encontrada. Os compostos fenólicos encontrados, por cromatografia gasosa com espectrometria de massas (CG-EM), foram: ácido gálico, epicatequina, quercetina (BV, BI e BG); ácido isovanílico (BI, BG); ácido p-cumárico (BI); ácido caféico e resveratrol (BV, BI). Esses resultados mostram que os resíduos agroindustriais analisados, particularmente os vinícolas, são ricos em substâncias bioativas e podem ser explorados pela indústria de alimentos e farmacêutica.
Nowadays, the agro-industrial processing produces millions of tons of wastes. Many of them are rich in bioactive compounds, being a potential natural source of these substances. This study aimed to evaluate the content of total phenolics, antioxidant activity and phenolic composition of residues generated by three Brazilian agribusiness: Isabel grape pomace (PI) (Vitis labrusca), Verdejo grape pomace (PV) (Vitis vinifera) and guava pomace (PG) (Psidium guajava). The results of total phenolics content (mg GAE g-1) found in the ethanol and aqueous extracts of residues were: PV (20.94±0.46; 8.03±0.43)>PI (16.57±0.19; 4.41±0.01)>PG (3.41±0.09; 1.88±0.06). High antioxidant activity of these extracts, particularly PV and PI, was found by the methods DPPH ●, ABTS ● and beta-carotene bleaching method. A strong positive correlation between antioxidant activity and content of total phenolic compounds was found. The following phenolic compounds were found by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS): gallic acid, epicatechin, quercetin (PV, PI and PG); isovanilic acid (PI, PG), p-coumaric acid (PI), caffeic acid and resveratrol (PV, PI). The results show that these residues, particularly the wineries, are rich in bioactive substances and should be exploited by the food industry and pharmaceuticals.
ABSTRACT
Objetivou-se estudar o efeito do uso de taninos enológicos na composição sensorial do vinho Cabernet Sauvignon. O trabalho foi conduzido em Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), com uvas Cabernet Sauvignon, safra 2004. Trata-se de uma cultivar que se destaca no Brasil pela importância na produção de vinhos tintos de guarda. Porém, em algumas safras, possui dificuldades para uma adequada maturação, o que dificulta a elaboração de vinhos com o perfil sensorial desejado pelos consumidores. Dentre as estratégias para minimizar esse problema, está o manejo do vinhedo, aliado a ajustes tecnológicos nas etapas de elaboração do vinho. Para tal, foram usados taninos de quebracho e castanheira, aplicados em três dosagens (5,0g hl-1, 10,0g hl-1, 20,0g hl-1) e em três momentos de aplicação (maceração, descuba, e após a fermentação malolática). Nos vinhos estabilizados, realizaram-se análises sensoriais, em relação aos atributos ligados aos perfis olfativos e gustativos, com análise de oito descritores olfativos e nove descritores gustativos, além de um conceito geral. Assim, verificou-se que os taninos enológicos imprimiram algumas diferenças, principalmente no perfil aromático dos vinhos, que apresentaram acréscimo de qualidade quando tratados com os taninos enológicos. Da mesma maneira, houve superioridade olfativa e gustativa nos vinhos que receberam tratamentos com taninos na etapa de maceração.
The objective of this research was to study the effect of enological tannins in the sensory composition of the Cabernet Sauvignon wine. The study was conducted in Bento Gonçalves, RS, with Cabernet Sauvignon grapes, harvest 2004. This is a cultivar that stands out in importance in Brazil for the production of red wines. However, in some crops there are difficulties for a proper maturation, which hampers the development of wines with the sensory profile desired by consumers. Among the strategies to minimize this problem there is the management of vineyards, combined with technological adjustments in stages of winemaking. To this end, quebracho and nut tannins were used and applied in three doses (5.0g hl-1, 10.0g hl-1, 20.0g hl-1), with three times of application (maceration, drawing off and after malolactic fermentation). In the stabilized wines, there were sensory analysis, related to the attributes associated with olfactory and taste profiles, with analysis of 8 olfactory descriptors 8 and 9 descriptors taste, besides a general concept. Thus, it was found that the enological tannins enabled some differences, mainly in the volatile profile of wines, which showed an increase of quality when treated with the enological tannins. Similarly, there was superiority smell and taste in the wines that received treatment with tannins in the stage of maceration.
ABSTRACT
This report has investigated the seasonal temperatures influences (winter and summer) of five vineyards at different altitudes on the concentrations of 2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine (MIBP), alpha- and beta-ionone, and beta-damascenone in 2004 or 2005 vintages of Cabernet Sauvignon wines from Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Sensorial analyses were also carried out on the wine samples and compared to altitude and climate. Significant regression was observed between MIBP concentrations and the vineyard's altitude. No significant relation was observed between alpha- and beta-ionone and beta-damascenone with the vineyard's altitude. Principal component analysis positively correlated wines from higher altitudes with a "bell pepper" aroma. Conversely, the wines made with grapes from lower altitudes were correlated with "red fruits" and "jam" aromas. An important relation between the bell pepper aroma and the lower winter temperature was observed. A strong negative correlation was also observed between seasonal temperatures and vineyard altitude as well as between MIBP content and seasonal temperature of growing grapevines.
