Evaluation of a flash glucose monitoring system in dogs with diabetic ketoacidosis.

The flash glucose monitoring system (FGMS) Freestyle Libre provides estimates of blood glucose by constantly measuring the glucose concentration of the interstitial fluid through a sensor inserted in the subcutaneous space. The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability and accuracy of the FGMS in dogs with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Seven dogs with DKA examined at the Veterinary Hospital of the State University of Londrina were included in this study. The sensor was placed on the dorsal cervical region, shortly after the diagnosis of DKA was confirmed and maintained for 5 d. The measurement of blood glucose was performed simultaneously with the veterinary portable blood glucose meter (PBGM) AlphaTRAK 2 every 2 to 4 h and with the hexokinase method every 12 h. The PBGM's precision was evaluated following the ISO15197:2013 criteria. Blood glucose estimates were strongly associated (r = 0.89; P < 0.0001), and the mean absolute relative difference in relation to the PBGM was 25.2% (-70.4% to 101.9%). The evaluation of these data using the consensus error grid analysis showed that 95.4% and 94.8% of the samples were in Zones A and B (clinically acceptable) using the PBGM and the hexokinase method as a reference, respectively. The ISO15197:2013 criteria were not met. There was no difference in the accuracy of the device among days (P = 0.74); however, there was a difference between the hydration status (P = 0.019) and blood glucose ranges (hypoglycemic, euglycemic, and hyperglycemic; P < 0.0001), in which it was less precise in measuring the blood glucose range in hypoglycemic dogs. Therefore, it can be concluded that in spite of the fact that the device did not meet the ISO 15197:2013 criteria, the FGMS evaluated presents good clinical precision and can be a valuable tool in treating dogs with diabetic DKA.

Ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Leishmania spp. em felinos em área endêmica do estado de São Paulo / Occurrence of anti-Leishmania spp antibodies in felines in an endemic area of the State of São Paulo

A leishmaniose visceral (LV) é uma zoonose de grande impacto em saúde pública. A infecção nos gatos tem sido relatada nos países onde a doença é endêmica. Seu papel como reservatório não está satisfatoriamente elucidado, embora a transmissão do parasito de um felino infectado para vetor tenha sido reportada por xenodiagnóstico. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a presença de anticorpos anti-Leishmania spp. em animais da espécie felina em área endêmica para LV (Bauru-SP), por meio dos testes sorológicos de reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI) e ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA), e associá-los às variáveis: gênero, idade, raça e forma de criação. Foram testados soros de 276 felinos, dos quais 82 foram reagentes pelo método ELISA (29,71%), 17 pelo RIFI (6,15%) e 10 em ambos os testes (3,6%). Houve associação estatística significativa para a variável forma de criação, em que 100% dos animais errantes foram soropositivos a pelo menos um dos testes (P<0,005). Tal associação não foi encontrada para as demais variáveis analisadas (P>0,05). Não houve concordância entre o resultado dos testes, pois o método ELISA é mais sensível que o método RIFI.(AU)

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonosis with a great impact on public health. Infection in cats has been reported in countries where the disease is endemic. Its role as reservoir is not satisfactorily elucidated, although transmission of the parasite from an infected feline to vector has been reported by xenodiagnosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of anti-Leishmania spp antibodies in feline animals in an area endemic to LV (Bauru-SP), using the serological tests of Indirect Immunofluorescence Reaction (IFR) and ELISA and variables: gender, age, race and form of creation. Samples of 276 felines were tested, of which 82 were ELISA reagents (29,71%), 17 by IFR (6,15%) and 10 in both tests (3,6%). There was a significant statistical association for the variable form of breeding, where 100% of the wandering animals were seropositive to at least one of the tests (P <0,005). Such association was not found for the other variables analyzed (P >0,05). There was no concordance between the results of the tests, since the ELISA method is more sensitive than the RIFI method.(AU)

Tumor maligno da bainha perineural retrobulbar e intracraniano em cão: relato de caso / Malignant neoplasm of the perineural sheath retrobulbar and intracranial in dog: case report

Os tumores da bainha perineural são pouco frequentes em animais domésticos. Relata-se o caso de um cão, sem raça definida, de cinco anos, fêmea, com histórico de aumento de volume em região retrobulbar do globo ocular direito (GOD) havia três semanas. Ao exame clínico, constatou-se a presença de uma neoformação retrobulbar direita com deslocamento do globo ocular cranialmente. Aos exames realizados durante o internamento, não foi possível localizar a origem e a extensão da neoformação. O animal veio a óbito por parada cardiorrespiratória e foi encaminhado para a necropsia. À avaliação macroscópica, observou-se neoformação esbranquiçada fixada à base do crânio em região selar, com possível origem no terceiro (III) par de nervos cranianos, a qual se infiltrava no encéfalo na altura do hipotálamo, estendia-se caudalmente em direção ao tronco encefálico e cranialmente à órbita direita, comprimindo, assim, o GOD. Microscopicamente consistia de feixes curtos entrelaçados ou enovelados de células fusiformes com pleomorfismo discreto a moderado, alternando-se a áreas de necrose multifocalmente, compatível com tumor da bainha perineural. Ao exame imuno-histoquímico, apresentou marcação fraca para S100 e GFAP e marcação positiva para vimentina, o que indica caráter maligno.(AU)

Tumors of the perineural sheath are uncommon in domestic animals. We report the case of a 5-year-old female dog with a history of increased volume in the retrobulbar region of the right eye (RE) three weeks ago. The clinical examination revealed a presence of a right retrobulbar neoformation with cranial ocular globe displacement. In the examinations carried out during hospitalization, it was not possible to locate a source and an extension of the neoformation. The animal died of cardiorespiratory arrest and was referred to an autopsy. The macroscopic evaluation revealed a whitish neoformation fixated to the base of the skull in a seal region, with a possible non-III origin of cranial nerves, infiltrating non-encephalon at the height of the hypothalamus, extending caudally towards the brainstem and cranially to the orbit right, compressing RE. Microscopically it consisted of short bundles intertwined or enovelados of spindle cells with discrete to moderate pleomorphism, alternating to areas of multifocal necrosis, compatible with tumor of the perineural sheath. Immunohistochemical examination showed weak marking for S100 and GFAP and positive marking for vimentin, indicating malignancy.(AU)

Insulinoma canino: relato de caso / Canine insulinoma: case reports

O insulinoma é um tumor das células ß do pâncreas, que têm a função de produzir e secretar insulina e, geralmente são malignos em cães. O presente trabalho descreve o diagnóstico e o manejo terapêutico de três casos de insulinoma. Os sinais clínicos dos animais relatados variaram de acordo com a severidade e a duração da hipoglicemia. O diagnóstico presuntivo se deu através dos sinais clínicos e da dosagem de insulina sérica no momento de mais intensa hipoglicemia e, o diagnóstico definitivo foi obtido por meio de exame histopatológico nos três casos relatados. O tratamento realizado variou de acordo com a intensidade dos sinais clínicos.(AU)

Insulinoma is a tumor of the ß cells of the pancreas, which have the function to produce and secrete insulin and are usually malignant in dogs. This paper describes the diagnosis and therapeutic management of three cases of insulinoma. The clinical signs reported animals varied according to the severity and duration of hypoglycemia. The presumptive diagnosis was based on clinical signs and serum insulin dosage at the time of hypoglycemia and more intense, the definitive diagnosis was made by histopathological examination in three of the reported cases. The treatment was varied according to the severity of clinical signs.(AU)

Genetic diversity of Ehrlichia canis in Brazil.

Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis is a highly prevalent disease in Brazil, where the genetic diversity of Ehrlichia canis remains undefined. In this study, we used the TRP36 gene to examine the genetic diversity of E. canis strains from naturally infected dogs residing in five distinct geographic regions in Brazil. E. canis DNA was detected in 82/126 (65%) dogs by dsb-specific PCR and E. canis was isolated in cell culture from 13 dogs. Sequences obtained from dsb genes amplified from the isolates were identical to the US E. canis strain. An extended molecular characterization based on the TRP36 gene identified two major genogroups based on differences among eight isolates. Isolates with tandem repeat amino acid sequence (TEDSVSAPA) identical to the previously reported TRP36 sequence were found in the midwest, northeast and southeast regions of Brazil, and classified into the US genogroup. A novel Brazilian genotype with a different tandem repeat sequence (ASVVPEAE) was also identified in midwest, northern and southern regions. Similarity in the N-terminal sequence of a US genogroup member with the Brazilian genogroup suggested that genomic recombination between the two genogroups may have occurred. Other subtypes within the Brazilian genogroup were also identified using C-terminal amino acid divergence. We identified two distinct major Brazilian genogroups and several subtypes based on analysis of TRP36, and such information will be useful for further genotyping and possible associations with disease severity, understanding of the genetic and antigenic variability of E. canis, and for developing strain-specific vaccines and diagnostic methods based on TRP36.

Urolitíase por cistina em cães no Brasil / Canine cystine urolithiasis in Brazil

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar três casos de urolitíase canina por cistina, atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Estadual de Londrina entre o período de 2007 a 2009. O diagnóstico de urolitíase foi baseado na anamnese, no exame físico e nos exames laboratoriais e radiográficos, e a confirmação do tipo de urólito envolvido foi realizada no Centro de Urólitos de Minnesota-USA, por meio de análise quantitativa, revelando cálculos puros de cistina. A terapia instituída incluiu a remoção cirúrgica dos urólitos e a prevenção de recidivas, por meio do aumento da solubilidade da cistina na urina com dieta comercial própria, aumento da ingestão hídrica e alcalinização medicamentosa da urina.

Three cases of canine cystine urolithiasis were reported at the Veterinary Hospital of Londrina State University in the period from 2007 to 2009. The diagnosis of urolithiasis was based on clinical history, physical examination, laboratory tests and radiographs, and the confirmation of the urolith type was performed at the Minnesota Urolith Center - USA, trough quantitative analysis, showing pure cystine uroliths. The therapy administered in both cases included surgical removal of the uroliths and prevention of recurrence by increasing the solubility of cystine in the urine with a commercial diet, increased fluid intake and alkalinization of the urine.