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1.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34360016

ABSTRACT

The potentially detrimental effects of the worldwide deficiency of Omega-3 fatty acids on the COVID-19 pandemic have been underestimated. The Omega-3 Index (O3I), clinical variables, biometric indices, and nutritional information were directly determined for 74 patients with severe COVID-19 and 10 healthy quality-control subjects. The relationships between the OI3 and mechanical ventilation (MV) and death were analyzed. Results: Patients with COVID-19 exhibited low O3I (mean: 4.15%; range: 3.06-6.14%)-consistent with insufficient fish and Omega-3 supplement consumption, and markedly lower than the healthy control subjects (mean: 7.84%; range: 4.65-10.71%). Inverse associations were observed between O3I and MV (OR = 0.459; C.I.: 0.211-0.997) and death (OR = 0.28; C.I.: 0.08-0.985) in severe COVID-19, even after adjusting for sex, age, and well-known risk factors. Conclusion: We present preliminary evidence to support the hypothesis that the risk of severe COVID-19 can be stratified by the O3I quartile. Further investigations are needed to assess the value of the O3I as a blood marker for COVID-19.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Fatty Acids, Omega-3 , Animals , Cross-Sectional Studies , Docosahexaenoic Acids , Eicosapentaenoic Acid , Humans , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2
2.
J Nanosci Nanotechnol ; 15(9): 6663-8, 2015 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26716225

ABSTRACT

Orange peel can be considered as an attractive raw material to be gasified for hydrogen or syngas production. In this work, the catalytic evaluation of several silica-supported nickel catalysts in the oxidative degradation of waste orange peel is reported. It was found that the catalytic gasification with the K2O-Ni/silica catalyst produces more hydrogen than the non-catalytic route at 600 degrees C. Surprisingly, a significant amount of ethene was obtained with the CeO2-Ni/silica catalyst, which was explained in terms of an oxidative dehydrogenation reaction of ethane formed during biomass or tar decomposition.


Subject(s)
Biomass , Citrus sinensis/chemistry , Gases/chemistry , Nickel/chemistry , Oxides/chemistry , Catalysis , Cerium , Ethylenes , Hot Temperature , Hydrogen , Oxidation-Reduction , Thermogravimetry
3.
Infectio ; 17(3): 146-152, jul.-set. 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-702960

ABSTRACT

La vitamina D (VitD), además de su papel en el metabolismo mineral, tiene funciones inmunomoduladoras y podría participar activamente en la fisiopatogénesis de la infección por el VIH-1; sin embargo, la evidencia científica en este campo es limitada y controvertida. La VitD tiene propiedades antiinflamatorias que podrían disminuir la hiperactivación inmunológica, reduciendo el daño asociado a este fenómeno; además, promueve la expresión de péptidos con actividad anti-VIH-1, sustentando su papel protector. En contraste, la VitD activa el promotor del VIH-1 y podría potenciar la replicación del virus; adicionalmente, algunas variantes alélicas en el gen del receptor de la VitD, que aumentan su función, se han asociado con susceptibilidad al VIH-1. Esta revisión presenta evidencia científica sobre el efecto de la vía de la VitD en la patogénesis de la infección por el VIH-1, dada las implicaciones de este tópico en la identificación de nuevos blancos terapéuticos en esta infección.


Beyond its role in mineral metabolism, vitamin D (VitD) has immunomodulatory functions and can actively participate in the physiopathogenesis of HIV-1 infection; however, scientific evidence in this field is limited and controversial. VitD has anti-inflammatory properties that can reduce immune hyperactivation, decreasing the damage associated with this phenomenon. It also promotes the expression of antimicrobial peptides with anti-HIV-1 activity, supporting its protective role. In contrast, VitD activates the HIV-1 promoter and can increase viral replication. Furthermore, a number of allelic variants in the vitamin D receptor gene, which increase its function, have been associated with susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. Given the implications of this topic for the identification of new therapeutic targets in HIV infection, this review presents scientific evidence on the effect of the VitD pathway in HIV-1 pathogenesis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Vitamin D , Homeopathic Pathogenesy , HIV-1 , Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins , Immune System Diseases
4.
Rev. MVZ Córdoba ; 17(3): 3147-3153, set.-dic. 2012. ilus, graf, mapas
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-669277

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Evaluar procedimientos de manejo en cautiverio de ejemplares maduros de doncella Ageneiosus pardalis, con fines de reproducción y presentar una descripción preliminar del desarrollo embrionario y larvario para la especie. Materiales y métodos. Sobre ejemplares mantenidos en cautiverio se adelantaron dos ensayos de reproducción, así: a) inducción con extracto de hipófisis de carpa EHC para la espermiación (4 mg/kg; una dosis intraperitoneal) y para la ovulación (0.5 y 5 mg/kg; intraperitoneales, 0 y 12 horas); b) inducción únicamente sobre hembras mantenidas en piletas, sin machos presentes, recolección y seguimiento de ovas. Resultados. Se comprobó la ovulación y la espermiación, pero no se avanzó en el desarrollo embrionario cuando se mezclaron los gametos y fueron incubados. Los ensayos con hembras inducidas, sin machos presentes, confirman el almacenamiento de esperma en los ovarios y los huevos obtenidos mostraron desarrollo embrionario completo, lográndose eclosión de larvas y el mantenimiento de alevinos. Conclusiones. El protocolo convencional de inducción fue efectivo en hembras y machos, pero la mezcla de los gametos no resultó ser un procedimiento viable para la producción de semilla en la especie. Se comprueba el almacenamiento de esperma en las hembras y la emisión espontánea de huevos fertilizados al medio cuando estas son sometidas a inducción. Tanto la forma y el tiempo de almacenamiento de esperma como los mecanismos fisiológicos que ocurren en la fecundación se desconocen.


Objective. To evaluate handling procedures in captivity of mature specimens, with reproduction purposes, of doncella Ageneiosus pardalis, and to present the first advance in the description of embryonic and larval development for the species. Materials and methods. Several reproduction tests were carried out in specimens maintained in captivity, as follows: a) Spermiation and ovulation were induced with Carp pituitary extract CPE (4 mg/kg; an intraperitoneal dose for spermiation) and (0.5 and 5 mg/kg; intraperitoneal for ovulation, 0 and 12 hours); b) only females maintained in tanks, without males present, were induced. Eggs obtained from tanks were recollected and observed. Results. Ovulation and spermiation were verified, but embryonic development was not advanced when gametes were mixed and incubated. Testing with induced females, without males present, confirms sperm storage in ovaries, and eggs show a complete embryonic development, achieving hatching of larvae and maintenance of young fish. Conclusions. The conventional protocol using induction was effective in females and males, but the mixed products did not prove to be a viable procedure for seed production in the species. Sperm storage in females and spontaneous emission of fertilized eggs in their habitat, when they were subjected to induction, was confirmed. Form and sperm as well as physiological mechanisms occurring in fertilization are unknown.


Subject(s)
Reproduction , Catfishes , Embryonic Development
5.
Rev. Fac. Nac. Salud Pública ; 29(1): 53-64, ene.-abr. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-636928

ABSTRACT

Los estibadores se dedican a la movilización manual de materiales con exposición a variados niveles de carga física, con demanda de esfuerzo mecánico y la incidencia de otros factores de riesgo del ambiente de trabajo. OBJECTIVO: determinar el nivel de exposición a carga física de trabajo en una muestra de estibadores de una cooperativa de trabajo asociado que laboran en una planta de producción de concentrados para animales en Itagüí-Antioquia y proponer medidas de control en el ambiente de trabajo. METODOLOGIA: estudio observacional descriptivo por conveniencia a 41 estibadores; se les aplicó, inicialmente, encuesta sociodemográfica y luego se les realizó el monitoreo de frecuencia cardíaca; posteriormente, se aplicó el método Frimat para determinar los niveles de exposición a carga física, según el índice de penosidad. El análisis estadístico fue de tipo descriptivo y no paramétrico (Chi-cuadrado X²) RESULTADOS: se pudo establecer que, de los cuatro puestos de trabajo, dos asocian la mayor carga física para el personal. De los 3 estibadores (el 100%) que se desempeñaban como paleadores y 14 (el 63.6%) de los 22 que laboraban como arrumadores y desarrumadores, se ubicaron en niveles altos de exposición, entre penoso y extremadamente duro para carga física según Frimat; 11 (el 91.7%) de los bodegueros y 4 (el 100%) de los cosedores de sacos, se ubicaron en niveles de exposición baja entre carga física mínima y soportable. DISCUSION: el tipo de puesto de trabajo desempeñado y las actividades que se asocian a este, afectan el nivel de carga física de trabajo. Los factores personales pueden incidir en la carga física.


Manual labourers are workers whose job consists of humping goods. Task commonly related to a varied level of mechanical stress due both to its mechanical stress demand and the workplace risk factors. OBJECTIVES: to determine the level of exposure to physical workload amongst a sample of manual labourers who work at the factory of food concentrate for animal. To propose general administrative control and working atmosphere measures. METHODOLOGY: a study of descriptive observational type by convenience was carried out. The sample consisted of 41 manual labourers who were administered a socio-demographic survey in order to know the population characteristics. To those fulfilling the inclusion criteria, a heart rate monitoring was used. Afterwards, the Frimat method was administered to determine the levels of exposure to physical work load according to workload rates. Statistical analysis favoured was descriptive and non-parametric (Chisquare X ) RESULTS: two out of the four work sites under study constitute the most representative workload to personnel. While the study, the three labourers (100%) shoving and 14 (63.6%) out of the 22 labourers loading goods up and down ranged from hard to extremely tough levels of workload. Conversely, 11(91.7%) labourers carrying raw material and 4 (100%) sewing sacks were placed under a low level ranging between a minimal and bearable workload. DISCUSSION: the kinds of job as well as the activities related to it affect the level of physical workload. Personal factors can have an influence upon physical workload.


Subject(s)
Weight-Bearing , Heart Rate
6.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 27(1): 33-45, ene.-mar. 2011. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-591556

ABSTRACT

El estado epiléptico (EE) es una emergencia médica y se asocia a una alta morbimortalidad. En la unidad de cuidadosintensivos (UCI), existen dos grupos de pacientes con EE: pacientes con múltiples episodios de convulsionesque no responden al manejo inicial y aquellos admitidos por otras razones, quienes desarrollan fenómenos ictalessubclínicos en el curso de su estancia en la UCI. El EE no convulsivo (EENC) representa entre el 25-50% delos EE; pero en el paciente crítico esta entidad puede tener una mayor incidencia. Se estima que 10 a 40% de lospacientes con EE evolucionan a un estado epiléptico refractario (EER).El EER se define como la falta de respuesta a un medicamento antiepiléptico de primera línea y a uno o dos medicamentos de segunda línea. Para el manejo del EER, se requiere de múltiples fármacos antiepilépticos (FAE),sedantes en dosis elevadas y a veces del uso de soporte ventilatorio y soporte vasopresor. El manejo del EER estábasado en reportes de casos o experiencia de centros especializados, se recomienda la eliminación de la actividadictal electrográfica con la inducción, por medio de sedación, de un patrón estallido-supresión; siendo una segunda alternativa, un manejo menos agresivo, sin sedación usando altas dosis de antiepilépticos, en una forma escalonada.El propósito de esta revisión es presentar las recomendaciones para el enfoque y manejo del EER en el paciente crítico basadas en la literatura actual y en la experiencia de la UCI del Instituto Neurológico de Antioquia(INDEA).


Status Epilepticus (SE) is a medical emergency, due to significant morbidity and mortality. In the Intensive Care Unit(ICU) there are two groups of patients with SE: patients with multiple episodes of seizures that are non-responsive toinitial management and there are individuals admitted for other reasons who developed non convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) subclinical ictal episodes in their ICU permanence.It is estimated NCSE represents between 25-50% of the SE, but in the critically-ill patient this entity could have a greater incidence. 10 to 40% of all patients with SE evolve to a refractory status epilepticus (RSE).Refractory status epilepticus (RSE) is defined as the absence of response to a first-line antiepileptic drug (benzodiazepines) and to one or two second-line drugs. Control of RSE demands the use of multiple anticonvulsant drugs (AED), high-dosesedatives, and sometimes vasopressive or mechanical ventilatory support.RSE management is based on case reports and experience from referral centers. It is recommended that the elimination of electrographic ictal activity is conducted through sedation, reaching a pharmacological burst-suppression pattern; a less aggressive alternative is suggested, without sedation, using antiepileptic medication in high-doses, in a step-up approach,guided by the improvement observed through cVEEG monitoring. The purpose of this study is to present recommendations for management of RSE in critically ill patients based on current literature and experience in the ICU of the Neurological Institute of Antioquia (INDEA).


Subject(s)
Humans , Epilepsy , Status Epilepticus , Neurology
7.
Clin Exp Dermatol ; 35(6): 658-63, 2010 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19874354

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Onychomycosis is one of the commonest dermatological diseases worldwide. The antifungal activity of current medications varies, and treatment failure occurs in 25-40% of treated patients. AIMS: To evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of itraconazole, fluconazole, terbinafine and voriconazole against isolates taken from patients with onychomycosis. METHODS: Nail isolates were evaluated according to methods described in the protocols of the Antifungal Susceptibility Testing Subcommittee of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AFST-EUCAST) and the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLS M38-A), and a CLSI M38-A modified technique for dermatophytes. Antifungal agents tested included terbinafine, itraconazole, voriconazole and fluconazole. RESULTS: In total, 103 isolates of Candida species (n = 58), Fusarium species (n = 10), Fusicoccum dimidiatum (n = 4), Scytalidium hyalinum (n = 1) and dermatophytes (n = 30) were evaluated. Itraconazole and voriconazole were the most active agents against Candida species, whereas terbinafine and voriconazole were most potent against dermatophytes. Fusarium species had the highest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values with all antifungal agents. CONCLUSIONS: The aetiological agents of onychomycosis that we found differ from those found in other countries, suggesting that the heat and humidity of the Colombian climate could favour yeast nail infections. The lowest MICs for Candida species (obtained with voriconazole, followed by itraconazole) may be explained by emerging resistant strains. Against dermatophytes, the lowest MICs were obtained with terbinafine, followed by voriconazole. MIC values for the evaluated agents were higher for non-dermatophyte filamentous fungi than for other fungi. As MIC breakpoints have not yet been established for onychomycosis therapies, it remains unclear if in vitro activities of antifungal drugs are predictive of clinical outcome. Well-designed clinical studies are necessary to assist clinicians in choosing the best antifungal agents.


Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Fungi/drug effects , Onychomycosis/drug therapy , Analysis of Variance , Arthrodermataceae/drug effects , Candida/drug effects , Colombia , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Fluconazole/pharmacology , Fusarium/drug effects , Humans , Itraconazole/pharmacology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Naphthalenes/pharmacology , Onychomycosis/microbiology , Pyrimidines/pharmacology , Terbinafine , Triazoles/pharmacology , Voriconazole
8.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 36(1): 64-71, mar. 2009.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-551871

ABSTRACT

The use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for food bio-preservation has taken great importance nowadays due to its capacity for controlling pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. Application of bi-o preservative strains as well as extracts and metabolites produced by them have demonstrated to control diverse undesirable microorganisms improving the enlargement of foods shelf-life and safety against bacteria that can affect the consumerís health. This review involves aspects of food bio-preservation and specifically of meat and meat products susceptible of alterations and attacks of diverse microorganisms. Bio-preservation methodologies of common use in foods are detailed as well as more outstanding aspects of metabolites produced by LAB, making special emphasis on bacteriocins, antimicrobial substances that have demonstrated its effectiveness to control diverse microorganisms and have had successful application on foods. The use of bio-preservation is revised, considered as a technology barrier that combined with other conservation methods like refrigeration and joint to good manufacturing practices can be an interesting option to diminish the addition of chemical preservatives, providing safe foods naturally preserved.


El uso de bacterias ácido lácticas (BAL) en la biopreservación de alimentos ha tomado gran importancia en los últimos años debido a la capacidad para controlar microorganismos patógenos y alterantes. La aplicación de cepas biopreservantes así como de los extractos y metabolitos producidos por ellas, han demostrado tener control sobre diversos microorganismos no deseados consiguiendo alargar la vida útil de los alimentos y dar seguridad contra bacterias que puedan afectar la salud del consumidor. En esta revisión se abarca aspectos de la biopreservación en alimentos y específicamente en carne y productos cárnicos, susceptibles de alteración y ataques de diversos microorganismos. Se detallan las metodologías de biopreservación más comunes utilizadas en alimentos, así como aspectos mas relevantes de los metabolitos producidos por las bacterias ácido lácticas, haciendo especial énfasis en las bacteriocinas que son sustancias antimicrobianas que han demostrado ser eficaces en el control de diversos microorganismos y han tenido exitosa aplicación a los alimentos. Se revisa el uso de la biopreservación considerado como una tecnología de barrera que combinado con otros métodos de conservación como la refrigeración y ligado a Buenas Prácticas de Manufactura pueden ser una opción interesante para disminuir la adición de preservantes químicos, proporcionando alimentos seguros preservados naturalmente.


Subject(s)
Lactic Acid/metabolism , Bacteria , Bacteriocins/pharmacology , Food Preservatives/pharmacology , Food Microbiology , Meat Products/microbiology , Food Preservatives/methods , Food Contamination/prevention & control , Food-Processing Industry
9.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 74(3): 151-158, 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-547804

ABSTRACT

El embarazo adolescente es un importante problema de Salud Pública, que se asocia a consecuencias biológicas, psicológicas y sociales negativas tanto para la madre como para el hijo. Uno de los riesgos frente a los que las madres adolescentes están particularmente vulnerables es a la depresión posparto (DPP). Existen extensas investigaciones sobre el fenómeno de la DPP, pero los estudios en madres adolescentes son limitados y suelen provenir de países desarrollados. En Chile no existen estudios publicados que se aboquen específicamente a la DPP en adolescentes. Por lo mismo, es que esta revisión pretende dar cuenta de los principales hallazgos internacionales y nacionales sobre prevalencia, factores de riesgo, consecuencias y abordaje de la DPP en general, y en madres adolescentes en particular, con el propósito de fortalecer el conocimiento de los profesionales que trabajan con estas jóvenes, ya sea en el área de salud mental, obstetricia o pediatría.


Adolescent pregnancy is an important public health issue associated with negative biological, psychological and social consequences for the mother and the child. One of the main risks adolescent mothers is particularly vulnerable to postpartum depression. Literature on postpartum depression is broad, but studies regarding the phenomenon in adolescent mothers are scarce, and come mostly from developed countries. In Chile there are no published studies centered on postpartum depression in adolescents. Therefore, this article aims to describe the main international and national findings on the prevalence, risk factors, consequences and management of postpartum depression in general, and in adolescents in particular, with the goal of strengthening the knowledge of professionals caring for adolescent mothers in mental health, obstetric and pediatric services.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Female , Depression, Postpartum/epidemiology , Pregnancy in Adolescence , Depression, Postpartum/diagnosis , Depression, Postpartum/therapy , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Social Support , Socioeconomic Factors
10.
Rev. colomb. cienc. pecu ; 19(1): 11-17, mar. 2006. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-462999

ABSTRACT

The Nramp1 gene has been associated with natural resistance to intracellular microorganisms in several species including bovine. Recent evidence suggests an association between polymorphism in the 3. untranslated region (3. UTR) of this gene with resistance/susceptibility (R/S) to Brucella abortus as determined in vivo and in vitro. In this study we tested for the variability of the short tandem repeat (STR) within the 3. UTR of Nramp1 in six breeds of Colombian creole cattle (CCC) and compared the genotypes with those of Holstein and Brahman, which were recently introduced into this country. In CCC as well as in Holstein we found the allele 175 fixed in all populations. In Brahman, 175 allele was also present with a frequency of 0.467 but additionally, in this breed there appeared five other alleles and among them two previously unreported: 183 y 185; also was found the allele 189 in the Colombian creole Harton del Valle cattle, which is not previously reported. Together these results suggest that the 175 allele in the 3. UTR Nramp1 may be an ancestral allele in cattle and if this is true the association previously reported with the R/S trait requires further evaluation.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Insemination , Polymorphism, Genetic
11.
Rev. Fac. Nac. Salud Pública ; 23(1): 19-31, ene.-jun. 2005. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-413545

ABSTRACT

El nuevo paradigma del proceso salud-enfermedad incluye acciones interdisciplinarias encaminadas a la promoción, prevención y diagnóstico. La tradición ha mostrado que la formación y el quehacer profesional del bacteriólogo se han orientado a la asistencia clínica y no al cambio social desde su saber, hacer y ser. Objetivo: describir las experiencias de bacteriólogos y laboratoristas clínicos egresados de la Universidad de Antioquia dedicados a la promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad. Metodología: se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada a bacteriólogos que se han desempeñado en este campo de trabajo, cuyos resultados fueron ordenados en matrices categoriales y contrastados mediante un grupo focal. Algunas categorías emergentes fueron: 1) nociones sobre la promoción y la prevención: los bacteriólogos conciben la promoción y la prevención como empoderamiento comunitario, ejercicio educativo, control de factores de riesgo, mercadeo de la salud y como conceptos interrelacionados y poco delimitados; 2) competencias: los bacteriólogos señalan que se requieren habilidades pedagógicas y comunicativas, capacidad para liderar proyectos y trabajar en equipo, manejo de políticas públicas y conocimientos en mercadeo, costos y auditoría; 3) estrategias metodológicas: la educación y el trabajo interdisciplinario son las estrategias más utilizadas con la acción comunicativa como eje transversal para la realización de estos dos procesos; 4) interdisciplinariedad: el equipo interdisciplinario es necesario para planear y estructurar programas de promoción y prevención, y orientar y fomentar la autodeterminación en la comunidad. Resultados: se obtienen resultados que permiten contribuir a la reflexión sobre el sentido social del bacteriólogo, a la vez que brindan elementos para el currículo de los programas de formación.


Subject(s)
Health Promotion , Community Participation
12.
Am J Public Health ; 82(5): 685-90, 1992 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1566947

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Events in Chile provided an opportunity to evaluate health effects associated with exposure to high levels of social and political violence. METHODS: Neighborhoods in Santiago, Chile, were mapped for occurrences of sociopolitical violence during 1985-86, such as bomb threats, military presence, undercover surveillance, and political demonstrations. Six health centers providing prenatal care were then chosen at random: three from "high-violence" and three from "low-violence" neighborhoods. The 161 healthy, pregnant women due to deliver between August 1 and September 7, 1986, who attended these health centers were interviewed twice about their living conditions. Pregnancy complications and labor/delivery information were subsequently obtained from clinic and hospital records. RESULTS: Women living in the high-violence neighborhoods were significantly more likely to experience pregnancy complications than women living in lower violence neighborhoods (OR = 5.0; 95% CI = 1.9-12.6; p less than 0.01). Residence in a high-violence neighborhood was the strongest risk factor observed; results persisted after controlling for several sets of potential confounders. CONCLUSION: Living in areas of high social and political violence increased the risk of pregnancy complications among otherwise healthy women.


Subject(s)
Civil Disorders , Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology , Violence , Adult , Chile/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Logistic Models , Politics , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/psychology , Risk Factors , Social Conditions
13.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 3(1): 14-6, 1992. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-162354

ABSTRACT

Se investigó el conocimiento que poseen los médicos y químico-farmacéutico (QF) del uso de la receta retenida (RR) y la legalidad vigente, que regula el expendio de fármacos controlados. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, que consistió en una prueba de simulación, en farmacias del área oriente de Santiago y se encuestó a QF y médicos durante el mes de diciembre de l990. Del estudio se concluye que en más de un tercio de las farmcias l RR no es recibida por el QF como establece la ley. Sólo se rechazaron un l5.6 por ciento de las recetas incompletas presentadas. Un 78.3 por ciento de los QF desconocen la mayoria de los requisitos legales que debe cumplir la RR la RR no cumple el objetivo para el cual se creó: evitar la venta indiscriminada de ciertos medicamentos y la farmacodependencia


Subject(s)
Humans , Pharmacies/legislation & jurisprudence , Drug Prescriptions/standards , Drug and Narcotic Control/legislation & jurisprudence , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Legislation, Drug/statistics & numerical data , Pharmacists , Physicians , Prospective Studies , Psychotropic Drugs/supply & distribution
14.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 7(3): 126-30, jul.-sept. 1991. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-194616

ABSTRACT

Se calculó el riesgo relativo de fallecer por bronconeumonia de los menores de 5 años, según lugar de residencia en la Región Metropoliitana. De un total de 534 fallecidos en los dos años, un 87 porciento, correspondieron a menores de 1 año. La relación hombre/mujer fue de 1.12. Las 50 comunas metropolitanas se agruparon en 7 áreas. Los resultados para las áreas fueron los siguientes: Oriente=0.52, Central=0.76. Norte=0.77, Rural=0.91, Sur=1.14, Occidente=1.24, Suroriente=1.70. El riesgo relativo de fallecer por bronconeumonia fue significcativamente mayor (X(2)) en las Areas Occidentes y Sur Oriente de Santiago y fue significativamente menor en el Area Oriente


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Bronchopneumonia/mortality , Epidemiology, Descriptive
15.
Acta pediátr. Méx ; 4(1): 41-5, 1983.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-14976

ABSTRACT

Se describe un caso con la rara asociacion de hemangioma gigante de la cara principalmente y grandes fistulas arteriovenosas del pulmon y del cuello que produjeron insuficiencia cardiaca irreversible y la muerte de una nina de ano y medio de edad.Se presentan los estudios especializados que permitieron fundar el diagnostico y se discute la fisiopatologia de esta asociacion


Subject(s)
Infant , Humans , Female , Arteriovenous Fistula , Facial Neoplasms , Hemangioma , Lung Diseases
16.
Arch Inst Cardiol Mex ; 45(5): 564-81, 1975.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1190899

ABSTRACT

The FMCG in 22 patients with valvular prosthesis is analyzed and its clinical, hemodynamic and surgical correlation are established (11 from the I.N.C. and 11 from the Hospital Infantil I.M.A.N.). The average age of the patients was 15 years old, 18 had a mitral and six aortic valvulopathy, and they all required a valvular replacement. Of the mitral prosthesis, 14 were Starr-Edwards (13 of ball valve and one of disc), three Lillehei-Kaster and one Börck-Shiley. In 5 patients, the FMCG suspected disfunction that was later corroborated by catheterism in three patients and by surgery in all of them. The important differences of the FMCG between the group with good and the one with bad function were: the aparition of a rumble, a decrease in the amplitud of the closing snap, index of closing snap opering snap of less than one, lenghtening of fases PFVP and IVCP, and shortening of IVDRP. In the patients with auricular fibrilation, after long dyastoles; that would represent an adequate atrial emptying; the closing snap was more intense, the PFVP was lennthened the IVDRP was shortened when the prosthesis was not properly functioning. All the aortic prosthesis were ball valve Starr-Edwards type; in one the FMCG suspected disfunction and the patient had a sudden death outside of the Hospital. The significant differences of the FMCG were the decrease in the intensity of the opening snap, with a Hylen index of less than one, lengthening of the PFVP, IVCP and of the expulsive period (EP). The authors conclude that the FMCG is a good method for an early detection of the disfunctions of valvular prosthesis.


Subject(s)
Heart Valve Diseases/diagnosis , Heart Valve Diseases/physiopathology , Heart Valve Prosthesis , Phonocardiography , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Cineradiography , Female , Humans , Male
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