Integrated Drivers of Basal and Acute Immunity in Diverse Human Populations.

Prior studies have identified genetic, infectious, and biological associations with immune competence and disease severity; however, there have been few integrative analyses of these factors and study populations are often limited in demographic diversity. Utilizing samples from 1,705 individuals in 5 countries, we examined putative determinants of immunity, including: single nucleotide polymorphisms, ancestry informative markers, herpesvirus status, age, and sex. In healthy subjects, we found significant differences in cytokine levels, leukocyte phenotypes, and gene expression. Transcriptional responses also varied by cohort, and the most significant determinant was ancestry. In influenza infected subjects, we found two disease severity immunophenotypes, largely driven by age. Additionally, cytokine regression models show each determinant differentially contributes to acute immune variation, with unique and interactive, location-specific herpesvirus effects. These results provide novel insight into the scope of immune heterogeneity across diverse populations, the integrative effects of factors which drive it, and the consequences for illness outcomes.

Clinical characterization of acute and convalescent illness of confirmed chikungunya cases from Chiapas, S. Mexico: A cross sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The emerging chikungunya virus (CHIKV), is an arbovirus causing intense outbreaks in North America. The situation in Mexico is alarming, and CHIKV threatens to spread further throughout North America. Clinical and biological features of CHIKF outbreaks in Mexico have not been well described; thus, we conducted a cross sectional study of a CHIKV outbreak in Chiapas, Southern Mexico to further characterize these features. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We collected blood samples from patients suspected of having chikungunya fever (CHIKF) who presented to Clinical Hospital ISSSTE Dr. Roberto Nettel in Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico. In addition to the clinical examination, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) standardized for the Asian Chikungunya lineage and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunoglobulin M (IgM) were used to confirm CHIKV diagnosis. Of a total of 850 patients who presented with probably CHIKV at Hospital "Dr. Roberto Nettel", 112 probable CHIKF cases were enrolled in this study from November 2014- June 2015, of which 95 patients (84.8%) were CHIKV positive and 17 were negative (15.2%). Of these 95 CHIKV positive patients, 62 were positive by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (+qRT-PCR); and 33 were seropositive to +IgM with a negative qRT-PCR. The most frequent symptoms reported were fever (100%), headache (82.3%), polyarthralgia (72.1%), and exanthem (82.3%). Biological abnormalities observed during CHIKV infection were lymphopenia (41.1%), leukopenia (51.6%), elevated transaminases (30.5%-46.3%) and high LDH (46.3%) and CRP (60.0%). CONCLUSION: Clinical and biological data obtained from this study is providing more useful information for benchmarking purposes with outbreaks from different parts of the world and would be helpful for better patient care and treatment.

Manual de Gestión Ambiental

el reto ambiental tiene importantes connotaciones sociales y políticas,además de las económicas.Es por ello que la progresión, en materia de preservación del medio ambiente,resulta tan difícil,ya que implica, en muchos aspectos,redefinir los modales de sociedad,progreso y desarrollo.La herencia del mundo occidental,de la mano del desarrollo del capitalismo industrial y de la economía de libre mercado, ha daddo lugar a la concentración masiva de la poblaciónen las grandes ciudades con el consigueinte deterioro ambiental y humano.Por ello surge como consecuencia del sentir público la necesidad de conventir.Si bien resulta difícil vislumbrar el cómo, es evidente que las acciones ambientales se constituirán en uno de los Centrso sobre los que pivotará la politica en un futuro inmediato

El grupo operativo como abordaje al trabajo preventivo en escuelas / The operative group as boarding means to preventive work in schools

El presente trabajo es una forma de compartir una experiencia. Al describir la puesta en práctica del proyecto Escuelas, se trata de destacar todos los elementos particulares que matizan la experiencia de una manera determinada, e intentan rescatar aquellos que puedan ser comunes a esta tarea y que dan lugar a un intercambio enriquecedor de experiencias tanto para el equipo de trabajo y el proyecto, como para la tarea preventiva en general; se dan los antecedentes y la ubicación geográfica donde se realiza el proyecto, el inicio, el proceso de adaptación activa del equipo de trabajo ante la tarea -diseñando conferencias tipo para alumnos, padres de familia y maestros-; y concluyendo con reflexiones sobre la experiencia