Specific model for the coordination of primary and hospital care for patients with diabetes mellitus. Evaluation of two-year results (2015-2017).

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent chronicdiseases and has a significant health and social impact. Strict control of blood glucose levels and other risk factors for vascular disease (VD) reduces complications and mortality and is related to the quality of care received. Although care should be interdisciplinary, based on the coordination of primary care (PC) and hospital care (HC), little information is available on the effectiveness of the different existing intervention models. OBJECTIVE: To assess, in a population with DM from a healthcare area, the impact on health, quality of care, and effectiveness in the use of resources of a specific model of shared management of patients with DM (Instrument for Evaluation of Models of Chronic Care in Diabetes Mellitus; IEMAC-DM). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A quasi-experimental before-after intervention study in patients with DM in the Cádiz-San Fernando Healthcare Area (Andalusia, Spain) that allows for identifying the capacity of the program to improve the quality indicators both in the whole population with DM and in that referred to HC. For this, a working group consisting of healthcare professionals of different profiles and care levels was set up. An initial self-assessment was done using the IEMAC-DM tool and, after analysis of the preliminary results, improvement strategies were established and implemented. Finally, the clinical and resource management results were assessed before and two years after the implementation of the model. RESULTS: During the study period, no significant changes were seen in process indicators related to laboratory practices or examinations in the health area. The proportion of patients with acceptable metabolic control [glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level < 8%] was 49% in 2015 and 45% in 2017. The number of admissions related to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke remained constant, but there was an increase in the standardized ratio of major lower limb amputations (1.5 vs. 1.9). Of the 295 patients referred from PC to HC, the proportion of adequate referrals increased from 40% in 2015 to 76% in 2017 (P = .001). In the referred patients, a significant improvement was seen in the mean difference in glycosylated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c; 1.14 ± 1.73%; 95% CI: 0.73-1.55; P = .0001) and cholesterol (11.28 ± 40 mg/dL; 95% CI: 2.07-20.48; P = .012). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that an intervention based on a chronicity care model adapted to patients with DM improves certain aspects related to the quality of care and the degree of metabolic control. Improving health outcomes will require long-term evaluation and, probably, other additional interventions.

Specific model for the coordination of primary and hospital care for patients with diabetes mellitus. Evaluation of two-year results (2015-2017). / Modelo específico de coordinación entre atención primaria y hospitalaria para la atención a pacientes con diabetes mellitus. Evaluación de resultados a dos años (2015-2017).

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases and has a significant health and social impact. Strict control of blood glucose levels and other risk factors for vascular disease reduces complications and mortality and is related to the quality of care received. Although care should be interdisciplinary, based on the coordination of primary care (PC) and hospital care (HC), little information is available on the effectiveness of the different existing intervention models. OBJECTIVE: To assess, in a population with DM from a healthcare area, the impact on health, quality of care, and effectiveness in the use of resources of a specific model of shared management of patients with DM (Instrument for Evaluation of Models of Chronic Care in Diabetes Mellitus; IEMAC-DM). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A quasi-experimental before-after intervention study in patients with DM in the Cádiz-San Fernando Healthcare Area (Andalusia, Spain) that allows for identifying the capacity of the program to improve the quality indicators both in the whole population with DM and in that referred to HC. For this, a working group consisting of healthcare professionals of different profiles and care levels was set up. An initial self-assessment was done using the IEMAC-DM tool and, after analysis of the preliminary results, improvement strategies were established and implemented. Finally, the clinical and resource management results were assessed before and two years after the implementation of the model. RESULTS: During the study period, no significant changes were seen in process indicators related to laboratory practices or examinations in the health area. The proportion of patients with acceptable metabolic control [glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level<8%] was 49% in 2015 and 45% in 2017. The number of admissions related to acute myocardial infarction and stroke remained constant, but there was an increase in the standardized ratio of major lower limb amputations (1.5 vs. 1.9). Of the 295 patients referred from PC to HC, the proportion of adequate referrals increased from 40% in 2015 to 76% in 2017 (p=0.001). In the referred patients, a significant improvement was seen in the mean difference in glycosylated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c; 1.14±1.73%; 95% CI: 0.73-1.55; p=0.0001) and cholesterol (11.28±40mg/dL; 95% CI: 2.07-20.48; p=0.012). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that an intervention based on a chronicity care model adapted to patients with DM improves certain aspects related to the quality of care and the degree of metabolic control. Improving health outcomes will require long-term evaluation and, probably, other additional interventions.

Development of an acute ischemic stroke management course for hospital physicians in emergency departments and intensive care units.

The objective of this study was to evaluate a training course on acute ischemic stroke (AIS) for hospital physicians, part of a regional strategy on AIS patient care. The course comprised an initial self-study (e-Learning) stage and 1-day theoretical-practical course on initial AIS management for Critical Care and Emergency physicians in the Andalusian Health Service (Spain). Data were collected on regional implementation of the stroke code and intravenous thrombolysis treatment. Between 2006 and 2009, 12 courses were attended by 356 physicians from emergency (n=148) and critical care (n=208) departments in the Andalusian health system. The initial stage was failed by 46.4% of trainees; the 1-day AIS course was successfully completed by all trainees, who reported a high satisfaction level. By the end of 2009, all hospitals had adopted the stroke code and approximately 5-6% of patients with AIS received intravenous thrombolysis. This type of healthcare strategy proved effective to improve AIS care in our setting.

Notable aumento de la terapia trombolítica en el ACV isquémico / Significant increase in thrombolytic therapy in stroke management

En los últimos tres años se ha logrado en Andalucía, España, un avance significativo en las medidas de actuación en el ataque cerebral agudo. Este avance está relacionado en primer lugar con una mayor participación y compromiso de los profesionales de la salud en sus diferentes áreas para dar respuesta coordinada al ataque cerebral. El PLACA es un plan autonómico que se viene desarrollando desde hace cinco años en Andalucía, contribuyendo así a esta respuesta unitaria con su planificación. Colabora un grupo central formado por expertos de distintas sociedades científicas, coordinados por el Plan Andaluz de Salud y dependiente de la Dirección General del Servicio Andaluz de Salud. En este artículo se presentan los avances conseguidos en los últimos tres años con este plan, así como los objetivos futuros. Actualmente se ha logrado implementar la terapia trombolítica hasta en 55% de los hospitales de la comunidad, con una previsión del 100% para 2010. El incremento del número de trombólisis en los dos últimos años ha sido de más del doble respecto del período anterior. Se expone el importante esfuerzo económico realizado en la divulgación, información de medidas preventivas, formación de profesionales y desarrollo de telemedicina. No obstante, se considera necesario seguir avanzando. Las importantes medidas previstas para los próximos años ayudarán a continuar esta lucha, tratando de dar una respuesta más operativa y rápida, prevenir, y tratar de detener este incremento esperado de incidencia en la población, al mismo tiempo que se analizan mejor los resultados de la actitud terapeútica realizada.

Notable aumento de la terapia trombolítica en el ACV isquémico / Significant increase in thrombolytic therapy in stroke management

En los últimos tres años se ha logrado en Andalucía, España, un avance significativo en las medidas de actuación en el ataque cerebral agudo. Este avance está relacionado en primer lugar con una mayor participación y compromiso de los profesionales de la salud en sus diferentes áreas para dar respuesta coordinada al ataque cerebral. El PLACA es un plan autonómico que se viene desarrollando desde hace cinco años en Andalucía, contribuyendo así a esta respuesta unitaria con su planificación. Colabora un grupo central formado por expertos de distintas sociedades científicas, coordinados por el Plan Andaluz de Salud y dependiente de la Dirección General del Servicio Andaluz de Salud. En este artículo se presentan los avances conseguidos en los últimos tres años con este plan, así como los objetivos futuros. Actualmente se ha logrado implementar la terapia trombolítica hasta en 55% de los hospitales de la comunidad, con una previsión del 100% para 2010. El incremento del número de trombólisis en los dos últimos años ha sido de más del doble respecto del período anterior. Se expone el importante esfuerzo económico realizado en la divulgación, información de medidas preventivas, formación de profesionales y desarrollo de telemedicina. No obstante, se considera necesario seguir avanzando. Las importantes medidas previstas para los próximos años ayudarán a continuar esta lucha, tratando de dar una respuesta más operativa y rápida, prevenir, y tratar de detener este incremento esperado de incidencia en la población, al mismo tiempo que se analizan mejor los resultados de la actitud terapeútica realizada.(AU)

Estudio prospectivo de ganancia de tiempo con fibrinólisis prehospitalaria en el síndrome coronario agudo con ST elevado / Prospective study of time saved by prehospital fibrinolysis in ACS with ST-segment elevation

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