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1.
Cancer ; 121(13): 2198-206, 2015 Jul 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25809536

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between health system delay and clinical disease stage in patients with breast cancer. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 886 patients who were referred to 4 of the largest public cancer hospitals in Mexico City for the evaluation of a probable breast cancer. Data on time intervals, sociodemographic factors, and clinical stage at diagnosis were retrieved. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the average marginal effects of delay on the probability of being diagnosed with advanced breast cancer (stages III and IV). RESULTS: The median time between problem identification and the beginning of treatment was 7 months. The subinterval with the largest delay was that between the first medical consultation and diagnosis (median, 4 months). Only 15% of the patients who had cancer were diagnosed with stage 0 and I disease, and 48% were diagnosed with stage III and IV disease. Multivariate analyses confirmed independent correlations for the means of problem identification, patient delay, health system delay, and age with a higher probability that patients would begin cancer treatment in an advanced stage. CONCLUSIONS: In the sample studied, the majority of patients with breast cancer began treatment after a delay. Both patient delays and provider delays were associated with advanced disease. Research aimed at identifying specific access barriers to medical services is much needed to guide the design of tailored health policies that go beyond the promotion of breast care awareness and screening participation to include improvements in health services that facilitate access to timely diagnosis and treatment.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Time-to-Treatment/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Aged , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Breast Neoplasms/therapy , Cross-Sectional Studies , Delayed Diagnosis , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Early Detection of Cancer , Female , Humans , Mexico/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging
2.
Clin Transl Oncol ; 14(8): 586-91, 2012 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22855140

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine the association between the BIK/NBK gene expression and estrogen receptor alpha expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We determined the association of BIK/NBK gene expression by real time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and estrogen receptor alpha expression by immunohistochemistry in samples of breast cancer tissue. RESULTS: We found a statistically significant correlation of BIK/NBK gene expression with the estrogen receptor alpha expression (ρ = 0.751, p = 0.004). For verify differences of BIK/NBK gene expression among ERα+ and ERα- breast cancer tissues, Mann-Whitney U test was performed, obtaining significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: BIK/NBK gene expression may have important clinical implications and provide predictive, prognostic or therapeutic marker in breast cancer patients according to the estrogen receptor alpha expression.


Subject(s)
Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Membrane Proteins/genetics , Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism , Biomarkers, Tumor/antagonists & inhibitors , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics , Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism , Female , Humans , Membrane Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Membrane Proteins/metabolism , Mitochondrial Proteins , Predictive Value of Tests
3.
Rev. Inst. Nac. Cancerol. (Méx.) ; 43(2): 76-9, abr.-jun. 1997. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-219756

ABSTRACT

A pesar de la identificación de los factores pronósticos en melanoma, sólo el diagnóstico temprano puede ofrecer altas probabilidades de curación, ya que, hasta fecha reciente, la cirugía era el único tratamiento curativo. Desde mediados de los 80, en todo el mundo se iniciaron protocolos de terapia con interferón adyuvante a la cirugía. Este trabajo fue realizado con el objetivo de evaluar si el interferon adyuvante mejoraba la supervivencia y el intervalo libre de enfermedad en sujetos con melanoma. Se incluyeron 31 pacientes menores de 70 años con melanoma del mal pronóstico y estado funcional de 0, 1 o 2 (de acuerdo a la clasificación del Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group). Todos fueron tratados quirúrgicamente con excisión amplia y disección ganglionar regional electiva o terapéutica. Quince recibieron interferón alta 2-b por seis meses. Los 16 pacientes restantes sólo fueron tratados con cirugía. El análisis comparativo de edad, sexo, localización, nivel de invasión, grosor tumoral, satelitosis y metástasis ganglionares mostró que ambos grupos tenían características similares. A ocho sujetos del grupo con interferón se les administraron tres millones de unidades; a otros seis, cinco millones y al enfermo restante, 10 millones; en todos ellos se aplicaron tres veces a la semana. El tratamiento se administró durante seis meses en 11 casos; y durante tres, cuatro, cinco y 12 meses en un caso, respectivamente. Los tres pacientes que recibieron el interferón por menos de seis meses desarrollaron recurrencia y se consideraron fallas al tratamiento adyuvante. La tolerancia fue adecuada y no hubo toxicidad importante. La supervivencia a cinco años fue de 35.7 por ciento en el grupo tratado y de 36.5 por ciento en el grupo control (p= 0.98). El intervalo libre de enfermedad fue de 28.7 y 37.8 meses, respectivamente (p = 0.67). Nueve de 16 sujetos del grupo control fallecieron, así como 11 de los 15 enfermos del grupo tratado; en éstos el tiempo medio de vida fue de 15.4 y de 28.6 meses, respectivamente (p= 0.3). Los resultados de este estudio muestran que con la dosis y tiempo utilizado no hay ningún beneficio sobre el intervalo libre de enfermedad ni en la supervivencia global. Esto confirma los resultados informados por otros autores. Es indispensable diseñar nuevas estrategias de tratamiento para los pacientes con melanoma de mal pronóstico, los cuales representan más del 50 por ciento de los casos con esta neoplasia en nuestro medio


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant , Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use , Interferon-alpha/toxicity , Melanoma/drug therapy , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neoplasm Metastasis , Neoplasm Staging , Prognosis
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