ABSTRACT
In this work, a novel series of N-phenylacetamide-1,2,3-triazole-indole-2-carboxamide derivatives 5a-n were designed by consideration of the potent α-glucosidase inhibitors containing indole and carboxamide-1,2,3-triazole-N-phenylacetamide moieties. These compounds were synthesized by click reaction and evaluated against yeast α-glucosidase. All the newly title compounds demonstrated superior potency when compared with acarbose as a standard inhibitor. Particularly, compound 5k possessed the best inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase with around a 28-fold improvement in the inhibition effect in comparison standard inhibitor. This compound showed a competitive type of inhibition in the kinetics. The molecular docking and dynamics demonstrated that compound 5k with a favorable binding energy well occupied the active site of α-glucosidase.
Subject(s)
Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors , Hypoglycemic Agents , Molecular Docking Simulation , Triazoles , alpha-Glucosidases , Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors/chemistry , Triazoles/chemistry , Triazoles/pharmacology , Triazoles/chemical synthesis , alpha-Glucosidases/metabolism , alpha-Glucosidases/chemistry , Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology , Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry , Hypoglycemic Agents/chemical synthesis , Drug Design , Indoles/chemistry , Indoles/pharmacology , Indoles/chemical synthesis , Structure-Activity Relationship , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzymology , KineticsABSTRACT
Herein, a novel series of 4,5-diphenyl-imidazol-α-aminophosphonate hybrids 4a-m was designed, synthesized, and evaluated as new anti-diabetic agents. These compounds were evaluated against two important target enzymes in the diabetes treatment: α-glucosidase and α-amylase. These new compounds were synthesized in three steps and characterized by different spectroscopic techniques. The in vitro evaluations demonstrated that all the synthesized compounds 4a-m were more potent that standard inhibitor acarbose against studied enzymes. Among these compound, the most potent compound against both studied enzymes was 3-bromo derivative 4l. The latter compound with IC50 = 5.96 nM was 18-times more potent than acarbose (IC50 = 106.63 nM) against α-glucosidase. Moreover, compound 4l with IC50 = 1.62 nM was 27-times more potent than acarbose (IC50 = 44.16 nM) against α-amylase. Molecular docking analysis revealed that this compound well accommodated in the binding site of α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes with notably more favorable binding energy as compared to acarbose.
