Studying the association of polymorphic variants of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes with breast cancer in female residents of Altai Krai.

The incidence of homozygote deletion of glutathione S-transferase genes M1 and T1 (null genotypes; or GSTM1"-" and GSTT1"-") was studied in breast cancer patients living in Altai Krai. DNA was isolated from blood samples of 695 breast cancer patients (291 patients with familial cancer and 404 patients with sporadic cancer) and 263 women without history of tumor diseases. The frequency of GSTM1"-" and GSTT1"-" genotypes was estimated in breast cancer patients (47.2 and 19.1%, respectively) and non-cancer participants (46.8 and 19.0%, respectively). No differences were found in the frequency of genotypes. The frequency of genotype combination GSTM1"-"+GSTT1"-" in patients with sporadic breast cancer (11.6%, 47 of 404 patients) was higher than in the control (6.1%, 16 of 263 patients; OR=2.03; 95% CI=2.09-3.83; p=0.02). The genotype frequency of genes in the control group did not differ from that in European residents of the Caucasian race.

Associations of polymorphic variant of MnSOD gene with breast cancer in residents of the Altai Region.

he incidence of MnSOD genotypes in residents of the Altai Region suffering from breast cancer and individuals without a history of cancer corresponded to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. No association of MnSOD with the incidence of sporadic breast cancer was detected. No association of MnSOD, tobacco smoking, or menopausal status, on the one hand, and breast cancer development, on the other, was detected.

[The drug arginine aspartate (pargin) in the therapy of hyposomal states]. / Preparat arginina aspartat (parzhin) v terapii giposomal'nykh sostoianii.

Arginine aspartate (Pargine), a stimulator of endogenous STH, was given to 13 adolescents with retarded growth resulting from a relative deficiency of STH for 6 mos. Two patients discontinued treatment after 3 mos., two others are still on therapy. In 3 adolescents the rate of growth against a background of therapy was insufficient (1.3 cm over 6 mos.). Six patients demonstrated a positive effect: the rate of growth over 6 mos. was 4.13 +/- 0.39 cm, the basal level of STH increased by 6.3 +/- 2.46 ng/ml. The drug use did not accelerate skeletal differentiation in either of the patients. A conclusion is that the drug can be used to influence growth processes in patients with hyposomal conditions.

[The sex steroid content of the blood serum in women suffering from postmenopausal osteoporosis]. / Soderzhanie polovykh steroidov v syvorotke krovi zhenshchin, stradaiushchikh postmenopauzal'nym osteoporozom.

The levels of estradiol, estrone, androstendione, and testosterone were investigated in 25 women aged 56-69 with postmenopausal osteoporosis and in healthy women using radioimmunoassays. Relatively high levels of estradiol, estrone and androstendione were revealed in the study group as compared to the control group. The results obtained showed no association between the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis and deficiency of estrogens because in the healthy controls a decrease in the level of sex hormones was more noticeable. Taking into account the mechanism of the effect of estrogens on osseous tissue and its receptors, calcitonin secretion and, possibly, vitamin D3 synthesis, one can regard a relative elevation of the level of estrogens in postmenopausal osteoporosis as a compensatory protective phenomenon.

[Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of vitamin D3 preparations (1-alpha-hydroxy- and 1-alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in various forms of osteoporosis and osteomalacia]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka éffektivnosti preparatov vitamina D3 (1-alpha- i 1-alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) pri razlichnykh vidakh osteoporoza i osteomaliatsii.

Clinical investigations have shown that 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (oxydevit, alphacalcidiol) and 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (rocaltrol) are act vitamin D3 agents producing a positive clinical effect in different types of osteoporosis and osteomalacia. Clinical improvement of the patients' status (alleviation of the pain syndrome, an increase in motor activity) was noted in 1-2 mos., an x-ray picture of regeneration of the bone structure of both axial and peripheral skeleton--in 6-12 mos. after the initiation of therapy. Therapy was attended by an increase in the serum content of total and ionized calcium, the return of alkaline phosphatase activity to normal, and a decrease in the level of parathormone. During prolonged therapy these agents administered at daily doses of 0.25-2 micrograms caused no pathological side-effects and hypercalcemia. In osteoporotic conditions all these drugs were equal in their clinical effectiveness. Rocaltrol has some advantages in the presence of associated liver pathology.

[Pathogenesis of functional retardation of physical and sexual development in adolescents. Status of somatotropic and gonadotropic function]. / K patogenezu funktsional'noi zaderzhki fizicheskogo i polovogo razvitiia u podrostkov. Sostoianie somatotropnoi i gonadotropnoi funktsii.

A study of somatotropic and gonadotropic functions in male adolescents with functional retardation of physical and sexual development has shown an important role of the deficiency of gonadotropins, especially FSH, in the pathogenesis of this condition. LH secretion in retarded physical development (RPD) is lowered to a lesser degree and positively correlates with testosterone deficiency. The feedback in the hypothalamohypophyseogonadal function in RPD is less frequently affected and to a lesser degree than gonadotropic functions. Of the tested methods (tests with TRH, L-DOPA and bromocriptine) STH reserves are better revealed with L-DOPA and TRH tests, gonadotropic reserves, especially LH,--with TRH and bromocriptine tests. The stimulating TRH effect on the growth hormone is indicative of the versatility and nonspecificity of its action on the pituitary gland in functional developmental disorders.

[Involutional osteopathies: the clinical x-ray, biochemical and hormonal aspects of the diagnosis]. / Involiutsionnye osteopatii: kliniko-rentgenologicheskie, biokhimicheskie i gormonal'nye aspekty diagnostiki.

A study of patients with involution osteopathy has shown that the development of this disease is associated with osseous tissue dystrophic changes (osteoporosis) and, to a lesser extent, with osteomalacia. Involution osteopathy is not accompanied by severe changes in indices of phosphoric-calcium metabolism; it is characterized by a tendency to an increase in the levels of total and ionized calcium and a decrease in the level of serum phosphorus. A lowered level of calcitonin with a tendency to a decrease in the level of the somatotropic hormone and the unchanged content of parathormone was revealed in involution osteopathy. The blood level of sex steroids (both estradiol and testosterone) in women was decreased, a degree of a rise of gonadotropins in them was lower than that in healthy postmenopausal women. In men with involution osteopathy the mean level of serum testosterone was within low normal limits, the LH content remained normal, and a FSH level was raised. The level of prolactin in patients of both sexes was unchanged.

[Pseudohypoparathyroidism. Clinical characteristics and experience with its treatment with vitamin D 3 preparations]. / Psevdogipoparatireoz. Klinicheskie osobennosti i opyt lecheniia preparatami vitamina D3.

The paper is concerned with the literature data on pathogenesis and a clinical course of 2 types of PHPT. Clinicolaboratory findings show that PHPT is a polymorphous syndrome of which the most common signs are skeletal changes, low stature, the tetanoid syndrome in hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, the normal or raised level of endogenous PTH, insensitivity to exogenous PTH, soft tissue and brain calcification, mental deficiency. An insufficient or paradoxical PTH reaction and an adequate CT reaction are noted after calcium drug loading. Therapy with I alpha OH D3 and I alpha, 25/OH2 D3 has demonstrated its superiority over other vitamin D forms leading to fast normalization of calcium-phosphoric metabolism and elimination of the tetanoid syndrome.

[Hormone content of the blood in juvenile osteoporosis]. / Izuchenie soderzhaniia gormonov v krovi pri iuvenil'nom osteoporoze.

Juvenile osteoporosis should be regarded as a polyetiological disease developing against the background of constitutional osteopathy in which endocrine disorders play a certain role. A tendency to a decrease in the levels of calcitonin and parathyroid hormone was found in juvenile osteoporosis; mild signs of hypogonadism (secondary) and a relative decrease in hypophyseal somatotropic activity promoted its detection. Two groups of patients were defined: I--with raised AP activity and a normal or lowered level of serum inorganic phosphorus without hormonal disorders; II--with lowered or normal AP activity and a normal level of phosphorus, mild hormonal disorders. Prolonged multimodality therapy with calcitonin, anabolic steroids, active forms of Vitamin D3, calcium agents, physiotherapy and exercise therapy was found effective in juvenile osteoporosis.

[Differential diagnosis of ovarian dysgenesis and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in women]. / Differentsial'naia diagnostika sindroma disgenezii iaichnikov i gipogonadotropnogo gipogonadizma u zhenshchin.

Similarity of anamnestic findings and the majority of clinico-experimental manifestations of the ovary dysgenesis (OD) and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) syndromes in women makes difficult the differential diagnosing of these states. The most significant differential diagnostic sign of OD and HH is the blood serum gonadotrophin content; OD is characterized by a high follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) content with irregular release, less elevated and more stable luteinizing hormone (LH) level, while HH reveals sharply reduced monotonous FSH and LH levels. On an average, the blood serum testosterone content is significantly higher in OD than in HH.