ABSTRACT
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) exiting in urine are potential biomarkers of chronic kidney diseases. Headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) was applied for extraction VOCs over the urine samples. Volatile metabolites were separated and identified by means of two-dimensional gas chromatography and time of flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC TOF MS). Patients with glomerular diseases (n = 27) and healthy controls (n = 20) were recruited in the study. Different VOCs profiles were obtained from patients and control. Developed methodology offers the opportunity to examine the metabolic profile associated with glomerulopathy. Four compounds found in elevated amounts in the patients group, i.e., methyl hexadecanoate; 9-hexadecen-1-ol; 6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-one and 2-pentanone were proposed as markers of glomerular diseases.
Subject(s)
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/urine , Volatile Organic Compounds/urine , Biomarkers/urine , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
The mechanisms that promote either resistance or susceptibility to TB disease remain insufficiently understood. Our aim was to compare the expression of cell signaling transduction receptors, CD14, TLR2, CD206, and ß2 integrin LFA-1 on monocytes from patients with active TB or nonmycobacterial lung disease and healthy individuals with M.tb latency and uninfected controls to explain the background of the differences between clinical and subclinical forms of M.tb infection. A simultaneous increase in the expression of the membrane bound mCD14 receptor and LFA-1 integrin in patients with active TB may be considered a prodrome of breaking immune control by M.tb bacilli in subjects with the latent TB and absence of clinical symptoms.
Subject(s)
Latent Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Latent Tuberculosis/immunology , Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/metabolism , Monocytes/immunology , Receptors, IgG/metabolism , Adult , Aged , Biomarkers/metabolism , CD18 Antigens/metabolism , Disease Progression , Disease Susceptibility , Female , Humans , Lectins, C-Type/metabolism , Male , Mannose Receptor , Mannose-Binding Lectins/metabolism , Middle Aged , Monocytes/microbiology , Prognosis , Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism , Signal Transduction , Toll-Like Receptor 2/metabolism , Young AdultABSTRACT
Intact Listeria monocytogenes cells or membranes isolated from them were treated with [3H]penicillin to allow identification of the penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) located in the cytoplasmic membrane. In the former case the PBPs were released from the cells following disruption of the cell wall murein with Listeria monocytogenes bacteriophage lysin. The procedure described by Dougherty et al. (1996) for Escherichia coli, with some modifications, was used to evaluate the M(r)s of the individual PBPs and allowed direct quantitation of their copy number.
