ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to examine psychomotor development in children born to mothers with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The influence of metabolic control in pregnant diabetic mothers and complications during labor on their children's psychological and physical development was evaluated. The analysis included 59 children, 20 of mothers with GDM, 19 of mothers with DM1, and 20 children of healthy mothers. Clinical observations and medical history were recorded and children were assessed using the Brunet-Lezine Psychomotor Development Scale. Abnormalities were found more often in the children of mothers with DM1 whose illness was insufficiently controlled during pregnancy and of mothers with serious hypoglycemia while pregnant. Speech, eye-movement coordination and social aspects were affected.
Subject(s)
Child Development/physiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/psychology , Diabetes, Gestational/psychology , Psychomotor Performance/physiology , Adult , Child, Preschool , Eye Movements/physiology , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Locomotion/physiology , Posture/physiology , Pregnancy , Social Behavior , Speech/physiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to examine if the glicated haemoglobin (HbA1C) is useful as an indicator of disturbances of the carbohydrate metabolism in women who suffered from Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), and for prediction of the macrosomic infants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The examination was performed on 163 GDM women, who were treated in Diabetic Care Unit (1996-98) in Research Institute CZMP in Lódz. GDM was diagnosed between 20 and 32 week of gestation, on the ground of 50 g Glucose Challenge Test (GCT) and 2-hour glucose tolerance test (75OGTT), according to WHO. HbA1C was examined during the first visit in hospital. All women were distributed into two groups: 120--treated with diet alone (G1), 43--treated also with insulin (G2). All the parameters were statistically analized. RESULTS: Patients from G2 group were older and had higher glucose values in all diagnostic tests then patients from G1 group. The average HbA1C level in the whole GDM group was 5.9 +/- 1.0% (min. 4.3%; max 9.6%) and was substantially higher in G2 (6.5 +/- 0.9%) then G1 (5.7 +/- 1.0%): p < 0.05. The HbA1C level correlated with fasting glycemia and 1-hour 50GCT (p < 0.05) and did not correlated with 2-hour 75OGTT. We found the relationship between newborns body weight and 2-hour 75OGTT only in G2 group, but newborns body weight did not correlated with HbA1C level. There were no correlation between GDM duration and HbA1C level. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Glycosylated haemoglobin can not be the indicator of appearance the fetuses macrosomy. 2. The increased HbA1C level is predictive value for insulin treatment. 3. Body weight of children from insulin treated GDM mothers is connected with fasting and 2-hour 75OGTT glucose level.
Subject(s)
Diabetes, Gestational/metabolism , Glycated Hemoglobin/metabolism , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Infant Welfare , Infant, Newborn , Middle Aged , Pregnancy , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: Aim of the study was early diagnosis of CNS damage and dysfunction in the progeny of women with diabetes type 1 (DM1). Interdependencies between the course of diabetes in mothers and fetal-perinatal complications and neurological state of the progeny were also analysed. 35 children of mothers with DM1 and 109 in control group underwent neurological examinations at the age of 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 months. RESULTS: In the group of children of DM1 mothers four had symptoms of CNS damage such as cerebral palsy or psychomotor delay. In the remaining 9 children so-called "soft" neurological signs or minor neurological dysfunction were found. In control group 1 had a light form of cerebral palsy and 3 had symptoms of minor neurological dysfunction. The dependencies of frequency and gravity of neurological disorders in children on diabetes metabolic control and complications and hypoxemic-ischemic states, prematurity, macrosomia and hypoglycemia in newborns was observed. CONCLUSION: The symptoms of CNS dysfunctions are more frequent and more serious in children of DM1 mothers than in control group.
