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1.
Rev. cuba. invest. bioméd ; 31(2)abr.-jun. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-733619

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de QT largo congénito se caracteriza por la prolongación del intervalo QT y anomalías de la onda T del electrocardiograma, asociados con una predisposición para la aparición de arritmias ventriculares malignas (torsión de puntas), síncope, fibrilación ventricular y muerte súbita (MS) cardíaca. El entrenamiento para realizar las mediciones, la variabilidad de la penetración y de las mutaciones, los solapamientos, las formas mixtas y los síndromes de superposición, pueden dificultar el diagnóstico y con ello, la conducta terapéutica. Esta revisión pretende actualizar aspectos esenciales relacionados con el diagnóstico, bases genéticas, mecanismos fisiopatológicos y moleculares, así como conducta terapéutica, de esta compleja canalopatía...


The congenital long QT syndrome is characterized by a prolongation of the QT interval and T wave abnormalities on the ECG, associated to a predisposition for the appearance of malignant ventricular arrhythmias (torsade de pointes), syncope, ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Training in taking the measurements, penetrance and mutation variability, overlaps, mixed forms and overlap syndrome may all hamper diagnostic and therapeutic management. The present review intends to update essential aspects related to the diagnosis, genetic bases, physiopathological and molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic management of this complex channelopathy...


Subject(s)
Long QT Syndrome
2.
Rev. cuba. invest. bioméd ; 31(2)abr.-jun. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-57012

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de QT largo congénito se caracteriza por la prolongación del intervalo QT y anomalías de la onda T del electrocardiograma, asociados con una predisposición para la aparición de arritmias ventriculares malignas (torsión de puntas), síncope, fibrilación ventricular y muerte súbita (MS) cardíaca. El entrenamiento para realizar las mediciones, la variabilidad de la penetración y de las mutaciones, los solapamientos, las formas mixtas y los síndromes de superposición, pueden dificultar el diagnóstico y con ello, la conducta terapéutica. Esta revisión pretende actualizar aspectos esenciales relacionados con el diagnóstico, bases genéticas, mecanismos fisiopatológicos y moleculares, así como conducta terapéutica, de esta compleja canalopatía(AU)


The congenital long QT syndrome is characterized by a prolongation of the QT interval and T wave abnormalities on the ECG, associated to a predisposition for the appearance of malignant ventricular arrhythmias (torsade de pointes), syncope, ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Training in taking the measurements, penetrance and mutation variability, overlaps, mixed forms and overlap syndrome may all hamper diagnostic and therapeutic management. The present review intends to update essential aspects related to the diagnosis, genetic bases, physiopathological and molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic management of this complex channelopathy(AU)


Subject(s)
Long QT Syndrome
3.
Rev. cuba. cir ; 49(1)ene.-mar. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-575494

ABSTRACT

Se presenta el primer caso de terapia de resincronización cardíaca (TRC) intervenido en el Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras mediante técnica de cirugía torácica videoasistida. El paciente es un hombre de 67 años de edad, que presenta una miocardiopatía dilatada con disfunción sistólica ventricular izquierda grave. Al ingreso presentaba cuadro clínico de insuficiencia cardíaca avanzada, por lo que se consideró la indicación de TRC. Tras el fallo de la técnica percutánea para la colocación de un electrodo en una vena epicárdica del ventrículo izquierdo, se decidió el acceso quirúrgico de mínima invasión. El implante del electrodo epicárdico mediante cirugía torácica videoasistida fue un procedimiento seguro sin complicaciones transoperatorias ni posoperatorias. Hasta donde conocemos, esta es la primera ocasión en que se utiliza la videotoracoscopia en Cirugía Cardiovascular en Cuba(AU)


This is the first case of cardiac re-synchronization therapy (CRT) operated on the Hermanos Ameijeiras Clinical Surgical Hospital using video-assisted thoracic surgery. Patient is a man aged 67 presenting with a dilated myocardiopathy with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction. At admission he showed a clinical picture of advanced cardiac insufficiency, thus, we considered the prescription of a CRT. After the failure of the percutaneous therapy for placing a electrode in a epicardiac vein of left ventricle, we decide the minimal invasive surgical approach. The epicardiac electrode implantation by thoracic surgery was a safe procedure without transoperative and postoperative complications. We have knowledge that this is the first time that a video-thoracoscopy in Cardiovascular Surgery is performed in Cuba(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted/methods , Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy/methods , Heart Failure/surgery
4.
Rev. cuba. cir ; 49(1)ene.-mar. 2010.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-44587

ABSTRACT

Se presenta el primer caso de terapia de resincronización cardíaca (TRC) intervenido en el Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras mediante técnica de cirugía torácica videoasistida. El paciente es un hombre de 67 años de edad, que presenta una miocardiopatía dilatada con disfunción sistólica ventricular izquierda grave. Al ingreso presentaba cuadro clínico de insuficiencia cardíaca avanzada, por lo que se consideró la indicación de TRC. Tras el fallo de la técnica percutánea para la colocación de un electrodo en una vena epicárdica del ventrículo izquierdo, se decidió el acceso quirúrgico de mínima invasión. El implante del electrodo epicárdico mediante cirugía torácica videoasistida fue un procedimiento seguro sin complicaciones transoperatorias ni posoperatorias. Hasta donde conocemos, esta es la primera ocasión en que se utiliza la videotoracoscopia en Cirugía Cardiovascular en Cuba(AU)


This is the first case of cardiac re-synchronization therapy (CRT) operated on the Hermanos Ameijeiras Clinical Surgical Hospital using video-assisted thoracic surgery. Patient is a man aged 67 presenting with a dilated myocardiopathy with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction. At admission he showed a clinical picture of advanced cardiac insufficiency, thus, we considered the prescription of a CRT. After the failure of the percutaneous therapy for placing a electrode in a epicardiac vein of left ventricle, we decide the minimal invasive surgical approach. The epicardiac electrode implantation by thoracic surgery was a safe procedure without transoperative and postoperative complications. We have knowledge that this is the first time that a video-thoracoscopy in Cardiovascular Surgery is performed in Cuba


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Heart Failure/surgery , Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted/methods , Cuba
5.
Arch Cardiol Mex ; 79(2): 127-31, 2009.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19722383

ABSTRACT

Arrhythmic sudden cardiac death due to electrical causes is an important clinical and public health problem, which is not yet solved. Ventricular fibrillation is the first cause of the event. It does not adjust to a single model, being a family with diverse electrocardiographic patterns that reveal different disorganization degrees. Many of these deaths happen without witness. We present a patient who was being studied after a first medical visit because of a previous syncope with spontaneous recovery, coursing with left bundle branch block. He was not receiving any antiarrhythmic drug and was asymptomatic at the time. He was wearing a long-term ambulatory electrocardiographic recorder (Holter), which became the sole witness of his death that occurred while he was alone at home. The recording revealed various malignant ventricular arrhythmia (torsades des pointes, ventricular flutter, ventricular fibrillation), immediately preceding events were an increased heart rate, extra-systoles, and left bundle branch block. This is the first recording of the whole sequence of malignant ventricular arrhythmias leading to death in a patient wearing a Hotter device obtained by our department, which has collected 750 Hotter ambulatory records per year for more than 20 years. The literature on the subject is reviewed.


Subject(s)
Death, Sudden , Electrocardiography, Ambulatory , Aged , Humans , Male
6.
Rev. cuba. salud pública ; 35(3)jul.-sep. 2009. graf
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-40687

ABSTRACT

La evolución final de la mayoría de las enfermedades cardiovasculares es el síndrome de insuficiencia cardiaca, su tratamiento puede abordarse de diferentes formas. Para aquellos pacientes refractarios a tratamiento farmacológico, uno de los más recientemente utilizados es la resincronización biventricular. Identificar los costos y el grado de efectividad de la resincronización biventricular como una opción en el tratamiento de enfermos con insuficiencia cardiaca refractaria y bloqueo de la rama izquierda del haz de His. Se realizó una evaluación económica del tipo costo-efectividad según la clasificación de Drummond y otros. Fue considerado un horizonte temporal que osciló entre seis meses y cinco años. Las alternativas consideradas fueron: la resincronización biventricular y la terapia farmacológica como alternativa teórica de la no resincronización. El universo lo integraron 30 enfermos con insuficiencia cardiaca refractaria a tratamiento. La variable de efectividad considerada fue: muerte evitada. El 76,6 por ciento de los enfermos eran del sexo masculino y el 23,4 por ciento del sexo femenino. La mortalidad fue de 36,6 por ciento en el período de seguimiento. La efectividad del proceder alcanzó el 63,4 por ciento, con 19 muertes evitadas. El costo efectividad incremental fue de 33 805, 00 pesos. La introducción en Cuba de la alternativa de tratamiento de la insuficiencia cardiaca, conocida como resincronización biventricular resulta costo-efectiva(AU)


The final evolution of most of cardiovascular diseases is the heart failure syndrome and there are several ways to treat it. For those patients refractory to drug therapy, one of the most recent methods is biventricular resyncronization. To identify costs and level of effectiveness of biventricular resynchronization as a choice of treatment of refractory heart failure patients with His´bundle left branch blocking. A cost-effectiveness type economic assessment was made following Drummond et al´s classification. The considered period of time was 6 months to one year. The analyzed alternatives were biventricular resynchronization and drug therapy as theoretical alternative to non-resynchronization. The universe of study was 30 patients suffering heart failure refractory to treatment. The effectiveness variable was prevented death. In this group, 76,6 percent of patients were males and 23.4 percent were females. Mortality rate was 36,6 percent in the follow-up period. The effectiveness of the procedure was 63,4 percent representing 19 prevented deaths. The incremental cost-effectiveness was $ 33 805, 00 pesos. The introduction of therapeutic option known as biventricular resynchronization to treat heart failure was cost-effective(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Cost-Benefit Analysis/economics , Heart Failure/pathology , Heart Failure/therapy
7.
Rev. cuba. salud pública ; 35(3): 0-0, jul.-set. 2009.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-525585

ABSTRACT

Introducción La evolución final de la mayoría de las enfermedades cardiovasculares es el síndrome de insuficiencia cardiaca, su tratamiento puede abordarse de diferentes formas. Para aquellos pacientes refractarios a tratamiento farmacológico, uno de los más recientemente utilizados es la resincronización biventricular. Objetivos Identificar los costos y el grado de efectividad de la resincronización biventricular como una opción en el tratamiento de enfermos con insuficiencia cardiaca refractaria y bloqueo de la rama izquierda del haz de His. Métodos Se realizó una evaluación económica del tipo costo-efectividad según la clasificación de Drummond y otros. Fue considerado un horizonte temporal que osciló entre seis meses y cinco años. Las alternativas consideradas fueron: la resincronización biventricular y la terapia farmacológica como alternativa teórica de la no resincronización. El universo lo integraron 30 enfermos con insuficiencia cardiaca refractaria a tratamiento. La variable de efectividad considerada fue: muerte evitada. Resultados El 76,6 por ciento de los enfermos eran del sexo masculino y el 23,4 por ciento del sexo femenino. La mortalidad fue de 36,6 por ciento en el período de seguimiento. La efectividad del proceder alcanzó el 63,4 por ciento, con 19 muertes evitadas. El costo efectividad incremental fue de 33 805,00 pesos. Conclusiones La introducción en Cuba de la alternativa de tratamiento de la insuficiencia cardiaca, conocida como resincronización biventricular resulta costo-efectiva.


Introduction The final evolution of most of cardiovascular diseases is the heart failure syndrome and there are several ways to treat it. For those patients refractory to drug therapy, one of the most recent methods is biventricular resyncronization. Objectives To identify costs and level of effectiveness of biventricular resynchronization as a choice of treatment of refractory heart failure patients with His´bundle left branch blocking. Methods A cost-effectiveness type economic assessment was made following Drummond et al´s classification. The considered period of time was 6 months to one year. The analyzed alternatives were biventricular resynchronization and drug therapy as theoretical alternative to non-resynchronization. The universe of study was 30 patients suffering heart failure refractory to treatment. The effectiveness variable was prevented death. Results In this group, 76.6 percent of patients were males and 23.4 percent were females. Mortality rate was 36.6 percent in the follow-up period. The effectiveness of the procedure was 63.4 percent representing 19 prevented deaths. The incremental cost-effectiveness was $ 33 805.00 pesos. Conclusions The introduction of therapeutic option known as biventricular resynchronization to treat heart failure was cost-effective.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cost-Benefit Analysis/economics , Heart Failure/pathology , Heart Failure/therapy
8.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 79(2): 127-131, abr.-jun. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-565721

ABSTRACT

Arrhythmic sudden cardiac death due to electrical causes is an important clinical and public health problem, which is not yet solved. Ventricular fibrillation is the first cause of the event. It does not adjust to a single model, being a family with diverse electrocardiographic patterns that reveal different disorganization degrees. Many of these deaths happen without witness. We present a patient who was being studied after a first medical visit because of a previous syncope with spontaneous recovery, coursing with left bundle branch block. He was not receiving any antiarrhythmic drug and was asymptomatic at the time. He was wearing a long-term ambulatory electrocardiographic recorder (Holter), which became the sole witness of his death that occurred while he was alone at home. The recording revealed various malignant ventricular arrhythmia (torsades des pointes, ventricular flutter, ventricular fibrillation), immediately preceding events were an increased heart rate, extra-systoles, and left bundle branch block. This is the first recording of the whole sequence of malignant ventricular arrhythmias leading to death in a patient wearing a Hotter device obtained by our department, which has collected 750 Hotter ambulatory records per year for more than 20 years. The literature on the subject is reviewed.


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Death, Sudden , Electrocardiography, Ambulatory
9.
In. Zayas Molina, Roberto. El electrocardiograma del paciente con marcapasos cardíaco. La Habana, Ecimed, 2009. , mapas.
Monography in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-43876
10.
In. Zayas Molina, Roberto. El electrocardiograma del paciente con marcapasos cardíaco. La Habana, Ecimed, 2009. .
Monography in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-43875
11.
In. Zayas Molina, Roberto. El electrocardiograma del paciente con marcapasos cardíaco. La Habana, Ecimed, 2009. .
Monography in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-43874
12.
In. Zayas Molina, Roberto. El electrocardiograma del paciente con marcapasos cardíaco. La Habana, Ecimed, 2009. , ilus.
Monography in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-43873
13.
La Habana; Ecimed; 2009. 114 p. ilus.
Monography in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-43872
14.
J Am Coll Cardiol ; 47(9): 1828-34, 2006 May 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16682308

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Our objective in this study was to evaluate Tpeak-Tend interval (Tp-e) and other electrocardiographic parameters as risk factors for recurrence of life-threatening cardiac events in patients with the Brugada syndrome (BS). BACKGROUND: The Tp-e interval in the electrocardiogram (ECG) has been reported to predict life-threatening arrhythmias in the long QT syndrome. METHODS: Twenty-nine patients with the ECG pattern of BS and 29 healthy age- and gender-matched controls were studied. The follow-up period was 42.65 +/- 24.42 months (range 11 to 108 months). RESULTS: Upon presentation, five patients had suffered aborted sudden death, five syncope, and two presyncope. Eleven patients with the ECG pattern of BS had a prolonged (>460 ms) QTc in V2 but usually not in inferior or left leads. No patient had abnormally prolonged QT dispersion. Programmed electrical stimulation induced ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation in 5 out of 26 patients. Inducibility did not predict recurrence of events. Cardioverter-defibrillators were implanted in 14 patients (all symptomatic and two asymptomatic). During follow-up, nine symptomatic patients experienced recurrences. Previous cardiac events and a QTc >460 ms in V2 were significant risk factors (p = 0.00002 and p = 0.03, respectively). Tp-e and Tp-e dispersion were significantly prolonged in patients with recurrences versus patients without events (104.4 and 35.6 ms vs. 87.4 and 23.2 ms; p = 0.006 and p = 0.03, respectively) or controls (90.7 and 17.9 ms; p = 0.02 and p = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates significant correlation between previous events, QTc >460 ms in V2, Tp-e, and Tp-e dispersion and occurrence of life-threatening arrhythmic events, suggesting that these parameters may be useful in risk stratification of patients with the Brugada syndrome.


Subject(s)
Bundle-Branch Block/physiopathology , Electrocardiography , Tachycardia, Ventricular/diagnosis , Ventricular Fibrillation/diagnosis , Adult , Bundle-Branch Block/complications , Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , ROC Curve , Recurrence , Risk Factors , Sensitivity and Specificity , Sodium Channel Blockers , Syndrome , Tachycardia, Ventricular/complications , Ventricular Fibrillation/complications
15.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 74(4): 283-289, oct.-dic. 2004. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-755673

ABSTRACT

La muerte súbita cardíaca de causa eléctrica en sujetos con corazón "sano", constituye un problema clínico y de salud pública, aún no resuelto. Los objetivos del trabajo fueron: caracterizar pacientes reanimados de un evento de muerte súbita de causa eléctrica y conocer su evolución intervenida en tres años; y estudiar los signos eléctricos premonitorios de muerte súbita. Se estudiaron 42 sujetos, 30 hombres y 12 mujeres, edad promedio 37.7 años, con corazón "sano", por métodos clínicos y paraclínicos. Se consideraron 9 subpoblaciones, en mayor número los síndromes de Brugada y de QT largo y la fibrilación ventricular idiopática. Las arritmias responsables del evento fueron, en primer lugar, la fibrilación ventricular y la torsión de puntas. Existieron signos premonitorios en el 92.8% de los pacientes. Fueron frecuentes las recidivas de las arritmias malignas (71.4%) aunque en la estimulación eléctrica programada, sólo se logró reproducirlas en 4 de 18 pacientes. La fibrilación auricular predominó como arritmia coexistente (19%). En resumen, son frecuentes los signos premonitorios (en especial la fibrilación auricular) y las recidivas de las arritmias malignas aunque su inducibilidad en el laboratorio es pobre. La estratificación de riesgo es muy difícil, por el bajo valor predictivo de los métodos diagnósticos.


Sudden cardiac death due to electrical causes in individuals with no evidence of structural heart disease is an important clinical and public health problem, and it is not yet solved. The objectives of this study were: to characterize patients reanimated from a sudden death event of electrical cause; to know the mediated evolution during a period of three years and to study premonitory electrical signs. 42 individuals were studied, 30 were male and 12 female, mean age 37.7 years, healthy heart, by clinic and paraclinic methods. Nine subpopulations were studied, being Brugada syndrome, long QT syndrome and idiopathic ventricular fibrillation the most frequent. Ventricular fibrillation and twisting of the points were the arrhythmias responsible for most death events. There were premonitory signs in 92.8% and clinical recurrences of life-threatening events in 71.4% but they were induced during programmed electrical stimulation only in 4 of 18 patients. Atrial fibrillation was the most frequent coexistent arrhythmia (19%). In summary, there are frequent premonitory signs (particularly atrial fibrillation), and also malignant arrhythmic recurrences but a poor inducibility at the electrophysiology laboratory. It is very difficult to stratify the risk because of the low predictive value of diagnostic methods.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/complications , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology , Heart Arrest/etiology , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnosis , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/drug therapy , Cuba/epidemiology , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/epidemiology , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/prevention & control , Defibrillators, Implantable , Electrocardiography , Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac , Heart Arrest/epidemiology , Heart Arrest/therapy , Risk Factors
16.
Rev. cuba. med ; 42(2)abr.-jun. 2003. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-340650

ABSTRACT

La estimulación multisitio constituye una alternativa terapéutica para pacientes con disfunción ventricular severa. Esta técnica fue utilizada en 6 pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca refractaria, clase funcional III-IV y bloqueo de rama izquierda, para evaluar su eficacia. Se programaron intervalos PR variables para estimulación: Biventricular: entre el seno coronario o el ventrículo izquierdo y la punta del ventrículo derecho; y Bifocal: entre el tracto de salida y la punta del ventrículo derecho. Se realizó una ventriculografía nuclear en estado basal, a los 7 días y a los 6 meses posimplantación, para medir las fracciones de eyección, el sincronismo ventricular y el índice de regurgitación mitral. Durante el seguimiento, 2 pacientes hicieron insuficiencia cardíaca refractaria y uno de ellos falleció (estimulación bifocal). La mejoría de la fracción de eyección y de la capacidad funcional fueron evidentes con la estimulación biventricular. Esta técnica resultó eficaz en el tratamiento de la disfunción ventricular severa


Subject(s)
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated , Ventricular Dysfunction/therapy , Cardiac Pacing, Artificial/methods , Heart Failure/therapy , Pacemaker, Artificial
17.
Rev. cuba. med ; 42(2)mar.-abr. 2003. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-23121

ABSTRACT

La estimulación multisitio constituye una alternativa terapéutica para pacientes con disfunción ventricular severa. Esta técnica fue utilizada en 6 pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca refractaria, clase funcional III-IV y bloqueo de rama izquierda, para evaluar su eficacia. Se programaron intervalos PR variables para estimulación: Biventricular: entre el seno coronario o el ventrículo izquierdo y la punta del ventrículo derecho; y Bifocal: entre el tracto de salida y la punta del ventrículo derecho. Se realizó una ventriculografía nuclear en estado basal, a los 7 días y a los 6 meses posimplantación, para medir las fracciones de eyección, el sincronismo ventricular y el índice de regurgitación mitral. Durante el seguimiento, 2 pacientes hicieron insuficiencia cardíaca refractaria y uno de ellos falleció (estimulación bifocal). La mejoría de la fracción de eyección y de la capacidad funcional fueron evidentes con la estimulación biventricular. Esta técnica resultó eficaz en el tratamiento de la disfunción ventricular severa(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiac Pacing, Artificial/methods , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/therapy , Ventricular Dysfunction/therapy , Pacemaker, Artificial
18.
Arch Cardiol Mex ; 72(3): 203-8, 2002.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12418295

ABSTRACT

The Brugada syndrome is the most frequent electrical cause of sudden death in patients with structurally normal heart. It is characterized by ST segment elevation in V1-V3 leads, pseudo right bundle branch block and proneness for episodes of life-threatening ventricular cardiac arrhythmias. The aim of this study was to characterize patients with Brugada syndrome identified in Cuba between 1995 and 2001. Fourteen patients with these electrical signs (13 male and 1 female, mean age 42.8) were studied. Seven of them were symptomatic and seven were not. The pharmacological test with sodium channel blockers was very useful (it was positive for all the patients). HV interval was normal. Programmed ventricular stimulation was performed. Ventricular arrhythmia was inducible in 3 symptomatic patients and 2 asymptomatic. All the symptomatic patients and those asymptomatic in whom ventricular arrhythmia was inducible received automatic defibrillators. One clinical recurrence of ventricular arrhythmias was observed. Antiarrhythmic drugs were only used rarely. Clinical history and electrocardiographic tracings were very important to diagnose this syndrome. There were light, transient or masked electrical signs. The treatment of choice is the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.


Subject(s)
Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology , Death, Sudden , Electrocardiography , Heart Block/physiopathology , Adult , Cuba , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Syndrome
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