Morphometric abnormalities in the spleen of the progeny of mice fed epigallocatechin during gestation and nursing.

It is very difficult to cure pregnant females suffering from infections, because of the risk which might occur during treatment by several, even herbal, medications. Many of these substances, among them extracts from plants, have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and immunostimulatory properties owing to their polyphenols content, but also may reveal unwanted effects on the fetal development because of their anti-angiogenic properties. The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether daily feeding pregnant and nursing mice 0.2 mg/kg epigallocatechin (EGC), previously recognized as angiogenesis inhibitor, may lead to abnormalities in morphology of spleen and in some parameters of immune function of their adult, 6-week old progeny. Morphometry of EGC offspring spleens revealed lower number of lymphatic nodules and their larger diameter than those found in the control offspring. Cellularity of spleens was lower in EGC offspring than in the controls. Cytometric analysis showed that this decline concerns lymphocytes with CD335 (p<0.001), CD19 (p<0.01) and CD4 (p<0.05) markers. No differences were observed in the humoral response to the immunization with SRBC, and in the proliferative response of splenocytes to mitogens PHA, ConA and LPS.

Morphometric abnormalities in spleen and kidney of the progeny of mice fed American cranberry extract (Vaccinium macrocarpon) during pregnancy and lactation.

Cranberries and cranberry-derived diet supplements are often recommended for the treatment of urinary tract infections, also during pregnancy. These products contain strongly anti-angiogenic chemical compounds which could not be indifferent to the developing fetus. In the present work we evaluated the effect of feeding pregnant and lactating mice American cranberry extract (daily dose 0.88 mg) on the morphology and some parameters of spleen and kidney function of their adult progeny. Six weeks after delivery the morphometry of spleen and kidney, cytometric analysis of spleen lymphocytes, evaluation of humoral response to SRBC (Sheep Red Blood Cells), and examination of serum creatinine/urea concentration, were performed in the offspring. Spleens of progeny from experimental (E) group differed from the spleens of progeny of control mice in the lower number of lymphatic nodules and their larger diameter. Cytometry of spleen cells from progeny of E mothers revealed more CD19+ and CD8+ lymphocytes than in the control group. No difference was seen in the response to immunization by red blood cells of sheep (SRBC) between control and E offspring. An increase in the diameter of glomeruli was observed in the kidneys of the experimental group in comparison with the control group. No abnormalities in creatinine and urea serum level were observed. A higher concentration of VEGF and bFGF in E offspring sera in comparison to the controls was seen. CONCLUSION: Although the observed differences between the control and experimental group were not large, caution is recommended in using cranberries and their extracts during pregnancy until more research will be done on this topic.

Feeding Pregnant and Lactating Mice Rhodiola kirilowii Extracts helps to Preserve Thymus Function of their Adult Progeny.

Plants belonging to Rhodiola kirilowii species, members of Rhodiola genus and Crassulaceae family, grow wildly in Tibet, Mongolia and China mountains and are traditionally used as adaptogens, antidepressants and anti-inflammatory remedies. Nowadays, R. kirilowii is cultivated in some countries, also in Poland. In our previous papers we reported immuno- and angio-modulatory effects of aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of radix and rhizome of this plant in non-pregnant and pregnant mice. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of feeding pregnant and further lactating mice these extracts on selected thymus function parameters in adult progeny. The counts of M-30+ apoptotic cells, in the thymuses obtained from progeny of mice fed during pregnancy and lactation water or 50% water-alcoholic extract of Rhodiola kirilowii, were significantly lower (p<0.05) than apoptotic cells counts observed in the control mice. No significant differences in the counts of IL-7-positive cells in the thymuses obtained from progeny of the control mice and mothers treated with water or hydro-alcohol extracts of Rhodiola kirilowii were observed.

Spleen content of selected polyphenols, splenocytes morphology and function in mice fed Rhodiola kirilowii extracts during pregnancy and lactation.

UNLABELLED: The genus Rhodiola (Crassulaceae) consists of many species, growing mainly in Asia and traditionally used as adaptogens and anti-inflammatory drugs. In order to elaborate herbal immunostimulator which could be safely given to pregnant women, we performed a study on immunotropic effects of feeding pregnant and lactating mice Rhodiola kirilowii extracts. This paper presents the results of the first part of our study - spleen content of selected polyphenols, spleen cellularity, splenocytes phenotype and their response to mitogens. Experiments were performed on adult inbred females of Balb/c strain, mated with adult males. Females, since copulatory plug was noted, up to the 28-th day after delivery were fed daily with 20 mg/kg b.m. water (RKW) or hydro-alcoholic (RKW-A) extracts of Rhodiola kirilowii. RESULTS: 1. Significantly lower proportion of pregnant mice in experimental groups than in the control. 2. Cellularity of spleen and flavonol quercetin spleen concentration were significantly lower in experimental groups in comparison to the controls. 3. Flavanols ((+)-catechin and epicatechin) levels were significantly higher in the spleens of experimental mice than in the controls. 4. Positive correlation between spleen cellularity and quercetin, and negative correlation between spleen cellularity and epicatechin content were observed. 5. Spleen mass and spleen lymphocytes phenotype and proliferation in RKW and RKW-A fed mice did not differ from the control. These results, together with suspicion of some embryo-toxicity, are worrying and eliminate the possibility of use Rhodiola kirilowii extracts for long-term treatment in pregnant females.

In vivo inhibitory effect of Aloe vera gel on the ability of mouse parental splenic lymphocytes to induce cutaneous angiogenesis in recipient F1 mice.

UNLABELLED: Lymphocyte-induced angiogenesis test (LIA) is a model of local graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction, marker of the earliest events resulting from activation of donor lymphocytes after contact with host semi-allogeneic histocompatibility antigens. The effect of in vivo oral administration of Aloe vera gel for 21 days to maternal strain (Balb/c) donor mice on the ability of their splenic lymphocytes to induce cutaneous angiogenesis (LIA test) in F1 Balb/c x C3H recipients, was studied. RESULTS: Neovascular reaction evaluated 72 hours after cells grafting was significantly lower in F1 mice grafted with lymphocytes collected from Aloe- fed donors, than in recipients of lymphocytes collected from respective controls. CONCLUSIONS: This observation opens the promise of safe and ethically acceptable possibility of use of Aloe vera gel in human donors in prevention of GVHD in recipients of bone marrow grafts.

Inhibitory effect of herbal remedy PERVIVO and anti-inflammatory drug sulindac on L-1 sarcoma tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis in Balb/c mice.

Anticancer activity of many herbs was observed for hundreds of years. They act as modifiers of biologic response, and their effectiveness may be increased by combining multiple herbal extracts . PERVIVO, traditional digestive herbal remedy, contains some of them, and we previously described its antiangiogenic activity. Numerous studies documented anticancer effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. We were the first to show that sulindac and its metabolites inhibit angiogenesis. In the present paper the combined in vivo effect of multicomponent herbal remedy PERVIVO and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug sulindac on tumor growth, tumor angiogenesis, and tumor volume in Balb/c mice was studied. These effects were checked after grafting cells collected from syngeneic sarcoma L-1 tumors into mice skin. The strongest inhibitory effect was observed in experimental groups treated with PERVIVO and sulindac together. The results of our investigation showed that combined effect of examined drugs may be the best way to get the strongest antiangiogenic and antitumor effect.

Suppressive effect of electromagnetic field on analgesic activity of tramadol in rats.

The electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have been shown to alter animal and human behavior, such as directional orientation, learning, pain perception (nociception or analgesia) and anxiety-related behaviors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of electromagnetic fields of high-frequency microwaves on pain perception and anti-nociceptive activity of tramadol (TRAM) - analgetic effective in the treatment of moderate to severe acute and chronic pain states. Electromagnetic fields exposures of a)1500 MHz frequency and b) modulated, 1800 MHz (which is identical to that generated by mobile phones) were applied. Paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to thermal stimulus was measured in vehicle or tramadol (TRAM) treated animals before and after 30, 60 and 90 minutes from injections. The differences in the level of pain (PWL) between control group and rats exposed to EMF alone in three measurements, were not observed. Tramadol alone significantly increased PWLs to thermal stimulus in comparison to vehicle results at 30 (p < 0.001) and 60 minutes (p < 0.05) after drug injection. EMF exposure of both frequencies transiently suppressed analgesic effect of tramadol, significantly reducing paw withdrawal latency in animals treated with this drug at 30 minutes from the drug injection.

The effect of herbal remedy on the development of Trichinella spiralis infection in mice.

The effect of Alchinal (a complex preparation consisting of three substances: Echinacea purpurea extract, Allium sativum extract, cocoa) on the development of Trichinella spiralis infection in mice was studied. The preparation was administered to the animals orally, twice a day in 30 microl doses for 10 days after infecting mice with Trichinella larvae (500 larvae per mouse). It was demonstrated that after Alchinal administration, the number of adult forms (10 dpi--days post infection) and muscular larvae (36 dpi) significantly decreased. It is suggested that the remedy studied causes antiparasitic immunity enhancement in mice. Modulation of immunity by individual component(s) and/or joint action of the substances contained in Alchinal increases the antiparasitic defence of the organism.