Glaciological Mass balance of Znosko Glacier, King George Island.

The present article objective is to determine the net mass balance of the glacier Znosko for periods 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. It is situated on King George Island which belongs to the groups Shetland of the South, Antarctic Peninsula region. For this objective, during February 2018 a net of 19 stakes (which were controlled once during February 2019 and 2020) were installed on the glacier ablation zone, drilling in the accumulation zone and about flights using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) to control the glacier zone and geomorphological changes. For the year 2020, it was determined a glacier area of 1.71 ± 0.02 km2, moreover, using five different methods of interpolation, it was obtained on average, as a result, a specific net balance of -590.7 ± 46.6 mm w.e (in water equivalent) for 2018-2019 and -686.7 ± 28.2 mm w.e for 2019-2020, being the ELA altitude 146.5 ± 18.2 m and 144.2 ± 8.3 m respectively. The two consecutive years represent negative net mass balances which are in accordance with other similar studies on this region, also glacier data were obtained on a zone that is characterized by its difficult access.

Production of New Biopesticides from Cymbopogon citratus for the Control of Coffee Rust (Hemileia vastatrix) under Laboratory and Field Conditions.

One of the diseases with the greatest economic impact on coffee cultivation worldwide and particularly in Peru is coffee rust (Hemileia vastatrix). The search for sustainable control methods as disease management strategies in coffee cultivation is necessary. The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of five biopesticides based on lemon verbena (Cymbopogon citratus) for the control of rust applied in laboratory and field conditions to allow the recovery of coffee (Coffea arabica L. var. typica) in La Convención, Cusco, Peru. Five biopesticides (oil, macerate, infusion, hydrolate and Biol) and four concentrations (0, 15, 20 and 25%) were evaluated. The biopesticides were evaluated under laboratory conditions (light and dark) at different concentrations. The design used was completely randomized in a factorial scheme. The biopesticides were incorporated into the culture medium and inoculated with 400 uredospores of rust, and the germination percentage was evaluated. Under field conditions, the biopesticides at the same concentrations were evaluated for 4 weeks after application. Under these field conditions, the incidence, severity and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) of selected plants with a natural degree of infection were evaluated. In the laboratory, the results showed that all biopesticides were effective in reducing the germination of rust uredospores to values <1% of germination in relation to the control, which showed values of 61% and 75% in the light and dark, respectively, independent of the concentration used, with no significant differences between them. In the field, 25% oil promoted the best response with values <1% and 0% incidence and severity, respectively, in the first two weeks after application. The AUDPC for this same treatment showed values of 7 in relation to 1595 of the control. Cymbopogon citratus oil is an excellent biopesticide that can be used to control coffee rust.

Enuresis nocturna en un adolescente con trastorno de ansiedad durante la pandemia de COVID-19 / Nocturnal enuresis in an adolescent with anxiety disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic

RESUMEN Se presenta el caso de un adolescente con enuresis nocturna desde la niñez, y síntomas de ansiedad durante la adolescencia, asociado con factores psicosociales y dinámica familiar. Durante la pandemia COVID-19, los síntomas de enuresis se exacerbaron y presentó intensos síntomas de ansiedad en relación al temor de adquirir una enfermedad grave y miedo a morir, motivos por los cuales fue llevado a emergencia en varias oportunidades; la sintomatología ansiosa respondió favorablemente a fármacos antidepresivos y enfoques de psicoterapia individual y familiar. Enuresis nocturna es un trastorno de eliminación poco frecuente en la adolescencia, cuyo diagnóstico y tratamiento son de importancia debido a su impacto en el funcionamiento psicosocial y a mayores probabilidades de comorbilidad. Se discute asimismo los efectos de la pandemia COVID-19 en adolescentes y el riesgo de presentar ansiedad, depresión y estrés asociados con la enuresis.

SUMMARY The case of an adolescent with nocturnal enuresis since childhood, and anxiety symptoms during adolescence, associated with psychosocial factors and family dynamics, is presented. During the COVID-19 pandemic, he presented intense symptoms of anxiety related to fears of dying and/or experiencing a serious illness, reasoned for which he was taken to the emergency room on several occasions. The patient responded favorably to antidepressant medications, and individual and family psychotherapy approaches. Nocturnal enuresis es an elimination disorder rarely seen in adolescence, and whose diagnosis and treatment are important due to its impact on the patient's psychosocial functioning and greater probabilities of comorbidity. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents and its higher risk of presenting anxiety, depression and stress associated with enuresis, are also discussed.

First report of southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, infecting pomegranate, Punica granatum, in Peru.

Punica granatum plants showing symptoms caused by root-knot nematodes were detected in the municipality of Majes, Arequipa, Peru. Based on the morphological, esterase phenotypes, and molecular analyses of the mitochondrial DNA region between the cytochome oxidase subunit II and 16 S rRNA genes (mtDNA) and species-specific sequence characterized amplified region, the causal agent of the observed symptoms was identified as Meloidogyne incognita. Pathogenicity was confirmed by fulfilling a modified version of Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. incognita infecting P. granatum in Peru.Punica granatum plants showing symptoms caused by root-knot nematodes were detected in the municipality of Majes, Arequipa, Peru. Based on the morphological, esterase phenotypes, and molecular analyses of the mitochondrial DNA region between the cytochome oxidase subunit II and 16 S rRNA genes (mtDNA) and species-specific sequence characterized amplified region, the causal agent of the observed symptoms was identified as Meloidogyne incognita. Pathogenicity was confirmed by fulfilling a modified version of Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. incognita infecting P. granatum in Peru.

Chenopodium album is a weed host of Meloidogyne incognita (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae) in Peru.

Chenopodium album plants showing symptoms caused by root-knot nematodes were detected in the La Joya, Arequipa, Peru. Based on the morphological, esterase phenotypes, and molecular analyses of the mitochondrial DNA region between the cytochome oxidase subunit II and 16S rRNA genes (mtDNA) and species-specific characterized amplified region, the causal agent of the observed symptoms was identified as Meloidogyne incognita. Pathogenicity was confirmed by fulfilling a modified version of Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. incognita parasitizing C. album in Peru.

First report of southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, infecting Brassica nigra in Peru.

Brassica nigra plants showing symptoms caused by root-knot nematodes were detected in the municipality of La Joya, Arequipa Province, Peru. Based on morphology, esterase phenotypes, and species-specific characterized amplified region (SCAR) sequence, the causal agent was identified as Meloidogyne incognita. Pathogenicity was confirmed by a modified version of Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. incognita infecting Brassica nigra in Peru.

Encuesta a médicos residentes de psiquiatría sobre la calidad de su formación como especialistas / A survey of Psychiatry residents about the quality of their training as specialists

El psiquiatra en formación debe cumplir estándares que le permitan desarrollar con éxito su labor profesional. Los programas de posgrado de psiquiatría deberían evaluar constantemente la formación de los residentes para asegurar que alcancen su máximo potencial y atiendan con mayor eficiencia la demanda de Salud Mental. Objetivo: Recoger información sobre las actividades formativas y la opinión de los residentes sobre la calidad de dichaformación. Método: Se aplicó una encuesta auto-administrada para valorar la satisfacción acerca del programa formativo de la universidad. Se evaluaron las áreas de aspectos formativos, opiniones y satisfacción. El instrumento fue evaluado por juicio de expertos y afinado durante el proceso. Se encuestaron 54 residentes de distintas sedes luego de haber dado su consentimiento. Resultados:El 59,3% de los residentes fueron mujeres. El 77,8% llevan un curso de psicofarmacología, el 59,3% de psicopatología, el 63% de psicoterapia y el 26,4% de salud mental comunitaria. Solo el 11 % ha realizado trabajos de investigación diferentes a su tesis y sólo 2 han publicado estos trabajos en una revista indizada. El 92,6% cuentan con un tutor y de éstos, el 35% se reúne con él una vez semestral o anual. Las actividades académicas más frecuentes fueron los casos clínicos y exposiciones. Las atenciones en consulta externa tendieron a incrementarse a lo largo de los tres años. El 16,7% de residentes del primer año no hicieron entrenamiento en terapia electroconvulsiva. Sólo el 37,8% consideró estar satisfecho o muy satisfecho con la formación impartida por la universidad y sólo el 40,8% con la función de su tutor. La mayor satisfacción se observó en relación a a sede, el nivel académico de los docentes y la formación en emergencia y hospitalización y la menor en relación a la formación en psicoterapia e investigación. ...

The psychiatrist in training must meet standards javascript:void(Set_Locked(0,'CANCELA%20EDICAO%20DE%20REGISTRO.x'))that enable a successful development of his professional work. Postgraduate programs should constantly evaluate psychiatry residents in training to ensure that they reach their full potential and efficiently meet the demand for Mental Health Services. Objective: To collect information about the educational activities and the opinion from residents about the quality of their training. Methods: A survey was administered to medical residents in order to assess their self- satisfaction about the training program of the university. The evaluated areas were medical training aspects, opinions and global satisfaction with the curriculum. The instrument was evaluated by expert judgment and refined and adjusted during the process. A number of 54 residents were surveyed at different locations after giving consent. Results: 59.3 % of the residents were women. 77.8 % of the residents had a course of psychopharmacology, 59.3 % of psychopathology, 63% of psychotherapy and 26.4 % of community mental health. Only 11 % of the residents did research work different from the thesis and only 2 have published these papers in an indexed journal. A 92.6 % had a tutor and of these, 35% met with him only once in a semester or year. The most frequent academic activities of the medical residents were clinical cases and presentation of scientific literature reviews. The outpatient consultation activities tended to increase throughout the three years. Only 37.8 % said they were satisfied or very satisfied with the training provided by the university and only 40.8 % with the role of the tutor. The greatest satisfaction was observed in relation to the institution, the academic level of the teachers and training in emergency and hospitalization whereas the lower was observed in relation to training in psychotherapy and research...

Efecto del cambio de patrón de lateralidad a función en grupo e inhibición propioceptiva periodontal en sujetos con guía canina / Effect of the changes of lateral pattern to group function and periodontal propioceptive inhibition in individuals with canine guidance

En este estudio se evaluó la influencia muscular en la modificación del patrón de lateralidad de guía canina a función en grupo y la inhibición propioceptiva periodontal en posiciones funcionales y parafuncionales entre personas de 16 a 21 años de edad que presentan normoclusión.

Rehabilitación de piezas tratadas endodónticamente con espigos de fibra de cuarzo. Reporte de un caso clínico / Rehabilitation of endodontically treated teeth with quartz fiber post. Case report

El presente reporte de caso clínico muestra el uso de espigos de fibra de cuarzo para la posterior reconstrucción de coronas completas libres de metal. La elección adecuada del caso para la colocación de espigos preformados es muy importante ya que de esto va a depender el éxito o fracaso de la restauración final. La colocación de este tipo de espigos se está utilizando recientemente con gran éxito debido a sus excelentes propiedades físicas y mecánicas.