Integration of GC-MS and LC-MS for untargeted metabolomics profiling.

Recently, metabolomics analyses have become increasingly common in the general scientific community as it is applied in several researches relating to diseases diagnosis. Identification and quantification of small molecules belonging to metabolism in biological systems have an important role in diagnosis of diseases. The combination of chromatography with mass spectrometry is used for the accurate and reproducible analysis of hundreds to thousands of metabolites in biological fluids or tissue samples. The number of metabolites that can be identified in biological fluids or tissue varies according to the gas (GC) or liquid (LC) chromatographic techniques used. The cover of these chromatographic techniques also differs from each other based on the metabolite group (polar, lipids, organic acid etc.). Consequently, some of the metabolites can only be analyzed using either GC or LC. However, more than one metabolite or metabolite group may be found altered in a particular disease. Thus, in order to find these alterations, metabolomics analyses that cover a wide range of metabolite groups are usually applied. In this regard, GC-MS and LC-MS techniques are mostly used together to identify completely all the altered metabolites during disease diagnosis. Using these combined techniques also allows identification of metabolite(s) with significantly altered phenotype. This review sheds light on metabolomics studies involving the simultaneous use of GC-MS and LC-MS. The review also discusses the coverage, sample preparation, data acquisition and data preprocessing for untargeted metabolomics studies. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of these methods were also evaluated. Finally, precautions and suggestions on how to perform metabolomics studies in an accurate, precise, complete and unbiased way were also outlined.

Effectiveness of Lifestyle Modification Education on Knowledge, Anxiety, and Postoperative Problems of Patients With Benign Perianal Diseases.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of preoperative planned education about lifestyle modifications on knowledge, anxiety level, and postoperative problems of the patients with benign perianal disease. DESIGN: The study was a quasi-experimental design. METHODS: The sample was a total of 102 patients undergoing surgical procedure for hemorrhoid and fissure in the general surgery unit of a state hospital in Turkey. Data were collected using the Descriptive Characteristics Determination Questionnaire, the Knowledge Determination Questionnaire, the Postoperative Problems Determination Questionnaire, and the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory. FINDINGS: Preoperative written and verbal planned education about lifestyle modifications improved knowledge and decreased anxiety levels of the patients. There were no statistically significant differences between the control and study groups in postoperative problems other than leakage. CONCLUSIONS: Results of the present study showed that nurse-conducted education on lifestyle modification of hemorrhoid and fissure was effective.

Effects of Occupational Health and Safety on Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors of Workers Employed in a Private Company in Turkey.

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that inappropriate working conditions and unsafe environments at construction sites, longer working hours, and inadequate workplaces adversely affect the health behaviors of workers. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of occupational health and safety (OHS) practices on healthy lifestyle behaviors of workers employed at a construction site of a private company in Gaziantep, Turkey. METHODS: The sampling size of this descriptive study consisted of 400 employees working at the construction site between December 2014 and January 2015. In all, 341 employees still working or participating in the study during the period of this questionnaire study were included in the sampling. Data from the survey were derived from responses to questions regarding sociodemographic characteristics, OHS applications, health state, and working conditions, as well as to the questions in on the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale (HLBS), under direct surveillance. FINDINGS: Male workers with a mean age of 30.61 ± 8.68 years constituted the study population. Of the workers, 41.9% had a primary school education. The majority received professional and OHS training (65.7% and 79.2%, respectively). Although 83.9% reported using personal protective equipment (PPE), only 2.1% said they had experienced an occupational accident. Total mean score of HLBS scale was 116.91 ± 25.62 points. Workers who had positive thoughts about their jobs demonstrated healthy lifestyle behaviors (P = .0001). A positive direct correlation was detected between the training the workers received and the use of PPE (P = .0001). In all, 38.1% of the workers reported experiencing work stress at the time of the study. Mean HLBS scores of those experiencing work stress were lower than the scores for workers not experiencing stress (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Receiving OHS and professional training and using of PPE favorably affect healthy lifestyle behaviors.