ABSTRACT
To elucidate the assumed direct negative effect of huperlipidemia (HL) on the myocardium, histological and electron microscopic studies of the myocardia of rabbits with alimentary hypercholesterolemia which were on an atherogenic diet for 30 days and underwent transesophageal pacing tests were conducted. An experimental group comprised 7 rabbits with HL, a control one included 4 animals. In HL rabbits, the cardiac pacing test caused irreversible myocardial histomorphological changes. In normolipidemic rabbits this caused only myocardial functional overload and histological changes were moderate and reversible. The findings suggest that HL contributes to myocardial hypoxic damage due to impaired microcirculation and tissue diffusion of oxygen with higher myocardial oxygen demand.
Subject(s)
Cardiomyopathies/etiology , Hypercholesterolemia/complications , Animals , Cardiomyopathies/pathology , Hypercholesterolemia/pathology , RabbitsABSTRACT
A surgical model of EstoRex ultrasound destroyer operating at a frequency of 60 KHz, power of 6 W, and vibration amplitude at the tip of the tool of 15 microns was used to make incisions on rat liver. 5 to 7 s or 24 hr after surgery the specimens of the wound wall were fixed and further processed for electron microscopy and histochemical visualization of glucose-6-phosphatase at the ultrastructural level. In a separate series 2 mm-thick strips of the tissue were excised from the liver, processed by the destroyer for 45 s, and then exposed to a digestion treatment with mixture of trypsin and chymotrypsin for 24 hr at 37 degrees C or in solution of cathepsin L for 60 hr at 25 degrees C. The results showed that ultrasound caused not only thermal but also nonthermal ultrastructural and histochemical alterations, due probably to cavitation and viscous stresses. The ultrasound wound did not contain any proteolytically resistant material. Since ultrasound-processed tissue turned out to be highly susceptible to proteolytic digestion we suggest that the ultrasound destroyer, unlike Nd:YAG laser surgical instrument, would be a promising surgical tool with respect to wound cleaning and healing.
Subject(s)
Ultrasonic Therapy , Wounds and Injuries , Animals , Glucose-6-Phosphatase/analysis , Histocytochemistry , Liver/enzymology , Liver/metabolism , Liver/ultrastructure , Rats , Wound Healing , Wounds and Injuries/metabolism , Wounds and Injuries/pathologyABSTRACT
Kidney biopsy specimens obtained from a group of individuals with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) have been processed for light and electron microscopic immunolocalization of total immunoglobulins (Igs). In a few cases, acid phosphatase (ACPase), a lysosomal enzyme marker, was ultrastructurally visualized. In the glomeruli, horseradish peroxidase-stained Igs were revealed in capillary lumina, urinary spaces and in transit through occasional loci of the glomerular basal membranes while ACPase-containing lysosomes resided both within and outside the cells. In the proximal tubules, Igs were traced in the endocytic vesicles and vacuoles, the latter also being positive for ACPase. Statistically significant relationships have been revealed between the number of IGs-labeled proximal tubules and some clinical or pathomorphological stigmata of CGN, in particular, proteinuria and arterial hypertension levels, marked interstitial sclerosis, etc. The data obtained are discussed in regard to the mechanisms of increased macromolecular filtration and the different proteinuria selectivity levels as well as the development of interstitial sclerosis as a result of the elevated reabsorption and incomplete lysosomal degradation of Igs in CGN.
Subject(s)
Glomerular Filtration Rate , Glomerulonephritis/etiology , Immunoglobulins/metabolism , Kidney Tubules/metabolism , Absorption , Adolescent , Adult , Biopsy, Needle , Chronic Disease , Female , Glomerulonephritis/complications , Glomerulonephritis/metabolism , Histocytochemistry , Humans , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Kidney/metabolism , Kidney/ultrastructure , Male , Microscopy, Electron , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Small tissue strips were excised from rat liver and exposed to extensive irradiation with Nd:YAG laser followed by homogenization and spectrophotometric detection of 5% TCA-soluble protein fractions (oligopeptides) in both supernatants and 5NKOH-soluble sediments of the irradiated specimens. Trypsin along, or with chemotrypsin was added to the specimens to evaluate their proteolytic resistance during and after incubation for 24 h in the proteinase(s). The results showed that Nd:YAG laser irradiation resulted in significantly more oligopeptides following either schedule of the proteolysis employed in both supernatants and sediments as compared to the unaffected proteolytically tested specimens. At the same time a proteolytically resistant 5% TCA-insoluble fraction was elicited which belonged to proteins and, judging by the parallel ultrastructural data, was located in the cellular membranes. The probable mechanisms of the observed protein modifications, along with some pertinent clinical implications of Nd:YAG laser surgery, are considered.
Subject(s)
Lasers , Liver/radiation effects , Peptide Hydrolases/pharmacology , Protease Inhibitors/radiation effects , Proteins/radiation effects , Animals , Drug Resistance/radiation effects , In Vitro Techniques , Liver/drug effects , Liver/ultrastructure , Microscopy, Electron , Proteins/drug effects , Proteins/ultrastructure , RatsABSTRACT
The authors tested a number of experimental protocols and chemicals known to facilitate permeabilization of tissues to immunoperoxidase markers without ultrastructural alterations of the cells to be examined. Monoclonal antibodies producing hybridoma lymphomas served as a primary test object. None of the procedures employed (i.e., quenching of the fixative aldehydes by some reducing agents; cryopermeabilization; treatment by detergents) were shown either to intensify stainability or to increase the penetration of immunoreagents into the tissue depth. The diffusion efficiency depended only on the marker molecular mass and the thickness of the vibratome section incubated. The Elder and coworkers (1983) two-step technique has been found superior in the preservation of both immunoreactivity and fine structure of the cell.
Subject(s)
Microscopy, Immunoelectron/methods , Animals , Humans , Hybridomas/metabolism , Hybridomas/ultrastructure , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Indicators and Reagents , Lymphoma/metabolism , Lymphoma/ultrastructure , Mice , Permeability , Tissue Fixation/methodsABSTRACT
Due to the fact that there were difficulties in interpreting the cardiac scintigrams after 99mTC pyrophosphate had been given to patients with coronary heart disease without acute myocardial infarction, an experimental study was undertaken. The scintigraphic characteristics were examined in 10 cats following ligation of the interventricular artery at its middle third for more than 20 min, followed by myocardial reperfusion, histochemical and electron microscopic studies. Cat interventricular artery occlusion for a more than 20 min was found to be followed by specific ischemic changes in ECG and myocardial accumulation of 99mTc pyrophosphate. The histochemical and electron microscopic studies indicated that there were both reversible and irreversible cardiomyocyte lesions. Reversible myocardial changes were detected not only in the ischemic area, but in the other myocardial regions away from the basin of the ligated artery. If occlusion was short, the rate of myocardial tracer accumulation rapidly became lower; with long-term occlusion or profound myocardial damage caused by reperfusion, tracer accumulation became higher. There is experimental evidence for applying 99mTc-pyrophosphate scintigraphy in the clinical setting to reveal reversible myocardial changes that are most common in chronic coronary heart disease.
Subject(s)
Coronary Disease/diagnostic imaging , Disease Models, Animal , Heart/diagnostic imaging , Animals , Cats , Coronary Disease/pathology , Diphosphates , Microscopy, Electron , Myocardium/pathology , Myocardium/ultrastructure , Radionuclide Imaging , Technetium , Technetium Tc 99m PyrophosphateABSTRACT
The time course of the activity of lysosome (LE) and membrane-transport (MTE) enzymes in the cells of human coronary arteries was studied histochemically and lipid metabolism in the plasma was studied biochemically. it is shown that the formation of atherosclerotic lesions and exacerbation of the disease in the endothelium and macrophages is followed by the enhancement of positive correlation between the atherogenic ration and the activity of LE and MTE and the alteration of this correlation between these enzymes. In the sedentary mesenchymal cells the progress of atherosclerosis results in the alteration of positive correlation between both LE and MTE and between these enzymes and atherogenic ration. Atherosclerosis remission is followed by partial restoration of the above correlations between the activity of LE and MTE in the cells of atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary arteries intima.
Subject(s)
Coronary Disease/pathology , Coronary Vessels/ultrastructure , Lysosomes/enzymology , Acetylesterase/metabolism , Adult , Aged , Arteries/ultrastructure , Arteriosclerosis/pathology , Cell Membrane/enzymology , Humans , Middle AgedABSTRACT
A quantitative biochemical study of patterns of energy and lysosomic enzymes in cellular elements of the rabbit aorta under induced atherosclerosis showed these enzymes to be activated during earlier atherogenetic stages associated with the formation of atherosclerotic patches in the intima, an evidence of functional adaptation of the aortal wall building up the defence mechanisms against adversary effects of cholesterol and other lipids. Once marked atherosclerotic patches have been formed in the aorta, adaptive potentials of enzyme systems are exhausted and further changes in their activity can result in processes conducive to the development of experimental atherosclerosis.
Subject(s)
Arteriosclerosis/enzymology , Energy Metabolism , Lysosomes/enzymology , Animals , Aorta/enzymology , Aorta/pathology , Arteriosclerosis/pathology , Diet, Atherogenic , Histocytochemistry , Microsomes/enzymology , Mitochondria/enzymology , Rabbits , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Histochemical methods were used to study the dynamics of activity of energetic metabolism enzymes (EME) in cell elements of the human coronary artery (CA) wall in comparison with biochemical values of lipid metabolism in the plasma. The development of CA atherosclerosis was shown to be determined to a large extent by reciprocal relations of antiatherogenic alpha-lipoproteins and atherogenic beta-lipoproteins in their influence on EME activity. An increased EME activity at early stages of atherogenesis (lipid plaque) is an adaptation to changed homeostasis. The lipid plaque is a turning point in the process of metabolic adaptation. Evolution of atherosclerotic changes is accompanied by disjunction and transformation of correlative connections between EME activity in CA wall cells.
Subject(s)
Arteriosclerosis/etiology , Coronary Disease/etiology , Coronary Vessels/metabolism , Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism , Adult , Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase , Cholesterol/metabolism , Coronary Vessels/pathology , Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Humans , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Lipoproteins/metabolism , Malate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Middle Aged , Succinate Dehydrogenase/metabolismABSTRACT
A modified Gomori method for detecting nonspecific alpha-naphthylesterase is proposed as a morphological means for differentiation of T- and B-lymphocytes. The final product of the reaction was shown to be detected in the cytoplasm of lymphoid cells composing T-zones of organs of the immune system and also in the lymphocytes forming E-rosettes but not in the cells of B-zone. The method can be applied for morphological analysis of cellular immunity.