ABSTRACT
The growing demand for food and the unstable price of fossil fuels has led to the search for environmentally friendly sources of energy. Energy is one of the largest overhead costs in the production of greenhouse crops for favorable climate control. The use of wind-solar renewable energy system for the control of greenhouse environments reduces fuel consumption and so enhances the sustainability of greenhouse production. This review describes the impact of solar-wind renewable energy systems in agricultural greenhouses.
ABSTRACT
Photoluminescence properties of cubic zinc blende ZnO thin films grown on glass substrates prepared by the spray pyrolysis method are discussed. X-ray diffraction spectra show the crystalline wurtzite with preferential growth in the (002) orientation and a metastable cubic zinc blende phase highly oriented in the (004) direction. Raman measurements support the ZnO cubic modification growth of the films. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of zinc blende films are characterized by a new PL band centerd at 2.70 eV, the blue emission, in addition there are two principal bands that are also found in hexagonal ZnO films with the peak positions at 2.83 eV and 2.35 eV. The origin of the 2.70 eV band can be attributed to transitions from Zn-interstitial to Zn-vacancies. It is also important to mention that the PL intensity of the 2.35 eV band of the zinc blende thin films is relatively higher than in the band present in hexagonal ZnO films, which means that zinc blende films have more oxygen vacancies, as was corroborated by means of the energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) measurements. PL spectra at 77 °K were measured and the 2.70 eV band was confirmed for the zinc blende films. Some PL bands of cubic films also appeared for the hexagonal phase, which is due, to a certain extent, to the similar ions stacking of both wurtzite and zinc blende symmetries.
