ABSTRACT
The objectives of this study were to investigate: 1) whether there were morning-to-evening differences in short-term maximal performance and 2) the impact of prolonged and specific warm-up on short-term maximal performance diurnal variations in young basketball players. Fifteen basketball players of both sexes (Male = 8; Female = 7; age: 14.4 ± 0.46 yr; weight: 64.7 ± 7.1 kg; height: 175.2 ± 6.6 cm; BMI: 21.1 ± 1.9 kg/m2) completed the following short-term maximal performance tests: CMJ with and without arm swing, Lane Agility Drill, Zig-Zag agility test with and without the ball, Sprint 20 m with and without the ball with the passage at 5 and 10 m. All tests were performed after the 15-min standard warm-up procedure (with static stretching) and/or 25-min specific warm-up (with prolonged running and dynamic stretching) in the morning and evening. Vertical jumping tests and all change-of-direction speed tests (with and without a ball) with superior responses were achieved in the evening after standard warm-up among all participants (p < 0.05). In contrast, superior short-term maximal performance was observed in the morning after prolonged and specific warm-up protocol (p < 0.05). It was concluded that specific and prolonged warm-up protocols are suitable strategy to prevent diurnal variation in short-term maximal performance in young basketball players.
Subject(s)
Athletic Performance , Basketball , Muscle Stretching Exercises , Running , Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Basketball/physiology , Athletic Performance/physiology , Circadian Rhythm , Running/physiologyABSTRACT
(1) Background: Sports games are one of the best ways of engaging in physical activity for individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) and Down syndrome (DS). This systematic review of the current literature aims to identify and sum relevant data on motor skills and clarify whether there are positive effects of sports programs in motor skills games in children, adolescents, and youth with ID and DS. (2) Methods: The systematic review of the papers was carried out following the methodological guidelines and by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) consensus. The following electronic databases were researched: PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and ERIC from 2001 to 2023. (3) Results: The basketball test battery can be used to improve and monitor basketball training. Basketball players with lower levels of ID achieved better results, especially those with disabilities of the II and III degrees. Futsal has a positive impact on the coordination, and the differences between the test results of the vertical jump with and without an arm swing, that can be seen indirectly as a coordination factor, were statistically significant. (4) Conclusions: Basketball is recommended as an effective and practical rehabilitation program for children, adolescents, and youth with ID and DS. Futsal is an interesting and helpful activity for individuals with ID as well.
ABSTRACT
SUMMARY: Repeated sprint training in hypoxia (RSH) represents an innovative method in the process of development and improvement of physical performance among athletes. However, there is less scientific data on this topic. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the effect of RSH method on motor abilities and performance among athletes, obtain new information, and expand the already known conclusions. The data search was performed of 4 electronic databases for the years 2000-2021 May as follows: Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and ResearchGate. This search with English language restriction was made by using the following terms, individually/combination: "repeated sprint ability", "hypoxia", "effects", "physical performance", "VO2max" 844 studies were indentified, and 14 studies were selected (11 male studies, 1 female study, 2 both sexes). Results of this systematic review, a total sample size of 347 athletes (40 females and 307 males, aged 15.3 ± 0.5 - 35 ± 7 years), showed that RSH was an effective training method in improving all monitored variables (i.e. RSAmax, VO2max). However, it should be noted that major improvements were observed mainly in repeated sprint ability (RSA) tests, and less in aerobic tests (i.e. Wingate and Yo-Yo). In conclusion, based on current scientific studies, RSH is more effective method to improve the physical performance among athletes compared to repeated sprint training in normoxia (RSN). This study suggested that the RSH has a positive effect on the monitored variables in physical performance tests especially related to RSA.
RESUMEN: El entrenamiento de velocidad repetida en hipoxia (RSH) representa un método innovador en el proceso de desarrollo y mejora del rendimiento físico entre los deportistas. Sin embargo, existen pocos datos científicos sobre este tema. El propósito de esta revisión sistemática fue investigar el efecto del método RSH sobre las habilidades motoras y el rendimiento de los atletas, obtener nueva información y ampliar las conclusiones ya conocidas. La búsqueda de datos se realizó en 4 bases de datos electrónicas: Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science e Research Gate para los años 2000- a mayo de 2021. Esta búsqueda se realizó en artículos en idioma inglés mediante el uso de los siguientes términos, individualmente / combinación: "capacidad de sprint repetido", "hipoxia", "efectos", "rendimiento físico" y "VO2max" Se identificaron 844 estudios y se seleccionaron 14 de ellos (11 estudios realizados en hombres, un estudio realizado en mujeres y dos estudios realizados en am- bos sexos). Los resultados mostraron, un tamaño muestral total de 347 atletas (40 mujeres y 307 hombres, de 15,3 ± 0,5 - 35 ± 7 años). Se observó que la RSH fue un método de entrenamiento eficaz para mejorar todas las variables monitorizadas (es decir, RSAmax y VO2max). Sin embargo, se debe tener en consideración que se observaron mejoras importantes, principalmente, en las pruebas de capacidad de sprint repetido (RSA), y menos en las pruebas aeróbicas (es decir, Wingate y Yo-Yo). En conclusión, según los estudios científicos actuales, la RSH es un método más eficaz para mejorar el rendimiento físico entre los atletas en comparación con el entrenamiento de velocidad repetida en normoxia (RSN). Este estudio sugirió que la RSH tiene un efecto positivo sobre las variables monitoreadas en las pruebas de rendimiento físico especialmente relacionadas con RSA.
