Satisfacción de la imagen corporal en adolescentes y adultos mexicanos y su relación con la autopercepción corporal y el índice de masa corporal real / Body image satisfaction in Mexican adolescents and adults and its relation with body selfperception and real body mass index

Introducción: La percepción que se tengan de la imagen corporal (IC) podría determinar la búsqueda de atención nutricia, aunque no siempre hay concordancia del índice de masa corporal (IMC) autopercibido con el real. Objetivo: Correlacionar el IMC autopercibido con el real y su relación con la satisfacción de la IC en una muestra de adolescentes y adultos mexicanos. Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico, con 556 participantes: 330 adolescentes y 217 adultos, con las siguientes evaluaciones: de autopercepción y de la satisfacción de la IC; asimismo, antropométrica. Resultados: El IMC fue mayor entre adultos 23±6 vs 29.3±5 p<0.001, quienes duplicaron la cifra de sobrepeso y obesidad de los adolescentes 79% vs 43%. La mitad de todos los participantes tuvo concordancia de su IMC percibido con el real (p<0.001). De los adultos con sobrepeso u obesidad 68% estuvieron satisfechos con su IC, mientras que en los adolescentes esto correspondió a más del 80%. Las variables predictoras de insatisfacción de la IC fueron ser adulto, ser mujer y tener sobrepeso/obesidad (p=0.013). Los que refirieron que su figura corporal les inspiraba un juicio positivo reportaron estar satisfechos con su IC y la mayoría presentaron un IMC real de normal o sobrepeso. Conclusiones: En la mitad de los participantes hubo concordancia entre la IC autopercibida y el IMC real. La satisfacción con la IC fue más frecuente entre los de menor IMC real y autopercibido, pero una gran proporción de los de sobrepeso y obesidad también refirieron satisfacción con su IC, aunque sea una condición de riesgo (AU)

Introduction: Body Image (BI) perception could determine the nutritional care search, even though there is not always concordance between the real BMI and the self-perceived one. Objetive: To determine the correlation between self-perceived and real BMI, and their relation with body image (BI) satisfaction in a sample of Mexican adolescents and adults. Subjects and methods: An cross-sectional and analytical study, conformed by 556 participants; of which 330were adolescents and 217 were adults with anthropometric, self-perception and BI satisfaction assessment. Results: The BMI was higher 23±6 vs 29.3±5 p<0.001in adults, which doubled the level of overweight and obesity present in the adolescents 79% vs 43%. About 50%of participants had concordance between their real BMI and their perceived one (p<0.001). Of all adults with overweight and obesity 68% had satisfaction with their BI, whereas the prevalence of satisfaction with the BI in adolescents was 80%. The predictive variables of BI insatisfaction were being an adult, being a woman and having overweight/obesity (p=0.013). Those ones who referred a positive judgment about their BI, they also reported being satisfied with their BI and presented a real normal or overweight BMI. Conclusions: Half of the participants had concordance of their perceived BI with their real BMI. The satisfaction with BI was more frequent between the lower real and perceived BMI, but subjects with overweight and obesity also reported satisfaction with their BI even though it is considered a risk condition (AU)

[Body image satisfaction in Mexican adolescents and adults and its relation with body selfperception and real body mass index]. / Satisfacción de la imagen corporal en adolescentes y adultos mexicanos y su relación con la autopercepción corporal y el índice de masa corporal real.

INTRODUCTION: Body Image (BI) perception could determine the nutritional care search, even though there is not always concordance between the real BMI and the self-perceived one. OBJETIVE: To determine the correlation between self-perceived and real BMI, and their relation with body image (BI) satisfaction in a sample of Mexican adolescents and adults. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: An cross-sectional and analytical study, conformed by 556 participants; of which 330 were adolescents and 217 were adults with anthropometric, self-perception and BI satisfaction assessment. RESULTS: The BMI was higher 23±6 vs 29.3±5 p<0.001 in adults, which doubled the level of overweight and obesity present in the adolescents 79% vs 43%. About 50% of participants had concordance between their real BMI and their perceived one (p<0.001). Of all adults with overweight and obesity 68% had satisfaction with their BI, whereas the prevalence of satisfaction with the BI in adolescents was 80%. The predictive variables of BI insatisfaction were being an adult, being a woman and having overweight/obesity (p=0.013). Those ones who referred a positive judgment about their BI, they also reported being satisfied with their BI and presented a real normal or overweight BMI. CONCLUSIONS: Half of the participants had concordance of their perceived BI with their real BMI. The satisfaction with BI was more frequent between the lower real and perceived BMI, but subjects with overweight and obesity also reported satisfaction with their BI even though it is considered a risk condition.

Introducción: La percepción que se tengan de la imagen corporal (IC) podría determinar la búsqueda de atención nutricia, aunque no siempre hay concordancia del índice de masa corporal (IMC) autopercibido con el real. Objetivo: Correlacionar el IMC autopercibido con el real y su relación con la satisfacción de la IC en una muestra de adolescentes y adultos mexicanos. Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico, con 556 participantes: 330 adolescentes y 217 adultos, con las siguientes evaluaciones: de autopercepción y de la satisfacción de la IC; asimismo, antropométrica. Resultados: El IMC fue mayor entre adultos 23±6 vs 29.3±5 p.

Control prenatal y zinc sérico: su repercusión en el recién nacido de madres adolescentes / Prenatal control and serum zinc: impact on the newborn to adolescent mothers

Introducción: Las adolescentes embarazadas son un grupo vulnerable nutricionalmente porque deben cumplir con sus propias necesidades de crecimiento y las del embarazo. El control prenatal es importante para un consumo de nutrimentos y una resolución del embarazo adecuado. Objetivo: Asociar el trimestre de inicio de control prenatal y el zinc sérico consumido con algunas características neonatales. Material y métodos: Estudio de cohorte, analítico y prospectivo con adolescentes embarazadas que se atendieron en el Instituto Nacional de Perinatología con las siguientes evaluaciones, en el último trimestre gestacional: consumo de zinc (frecuencia de consumo de alimentos), zinc sérico (espectrofotometría), antropométrica (peso, estatura) y revisión del expediente clínico (inicio del control prenatal y datos del neonato). Análisis estadístico: prueba t de Student, χ² de Pearson y regresión lineal. Aprobado por los comités de ética e investigación. Resultados: El 59% de las participantes inició el control prenatal en el primer trimestre gestacional; de ellas, el 56% tuvo parto vaginal, 92% de neonatos fueron a término, 85% con peso adecuado y mayor consumo de zinc. Las concentraciones séricas de zinc a la semana 28 y 32 de gestación explicaron 35% el peso al nacer R² = 0.358, β 2837 IC 1761, 3914, p = 0.001, 16% del perímetro cefálico (R² = 0.163 β = 35 EE = 1.9, IC 31.2, 39, p = 0.001), 25% de la edad gestacional (p = 0.003) y el 43% la longitud al nacer R² = 0.431, β 55.5 IC 49.62, p = 0.001). Conclusiones: El control prenatal en el primer trimestre se asoció a un mayor consumo de zinc. Las concentraciones de zinc sérico normales se asociaron con más frecuencia a neonatos a término y con mayor longitud, peso y perímetro cefálico.

Introduction: Adolescents pregnant are a vulnerable group in the nutritional area because they have their self growth requirements and for the child. Prenatal care is important to achieve healthy nutrition and better pregnant outcomes. Aims: To associate the gestational trimester beginning prenatal care, zinc (Zn) serum concentrations and its intake with neonatal characteristics. Methods: This is a cohort study with pregnant adolescents assisted by Perinatology National Institute. In the last trimester of gestation, we determine anthropometry characteristics, zinc intake (food frequency), serum zinc (espectrofotometry) and clinical records in order to get newborn somatometry. Statistic analysis: T Student, χ² de Pearson and lineal regression. The study was approved by INPer's Research and Ethic Committee. Results: More than 50% adolescents pregnant began their prenatal care at the first gestational trimester, 56% had eutocic part, 92% were at term, and 85% had newborn's normal weight and normal zinc intake. Normal zinc serum concentrations explained 35% of NB weight (R² = 0.358, IC 1761, 3914, p = 0.001), 16% of head circumference (R² = 0.163, IC 31.2, 39, p = 0.001), 25% of gestational age at term (p = 0.003), and 43% of newborn height (R² = 0.431, IC 49.62, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Prenatal care in the first trimester was associated with a higher zinc intake. Zinc normal serum concentration was associated with normal gestational age at term, higher weight, head circumference and height stature.

Asociación del índice de masa corporal y conductas de riesgo en el desarrollo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en adolescentes mexicanos

La percepción corporal y su insatisfacción se relacionan con las conductas alimentarias de riesgo (CAR), pudiendo desarrollar trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TAC) frecuentemente identificados en los adolescentes. El objetivo fue describir la asociación del índice de masa corporal (IMC) con los hábitos y las CAR en un grupo de adolescentes. Fue un estudio transversal, descriptivo realizado con 671 adolescentes de 12 a 15 años de edad, ambos sexos. Se aplicó una encuesta validada en población mexicana que identificó las CAR para el desarrollo de los TAC. Se obtuvo el IMC, además de información sobre práctica y conocimiento del consumo de alimentos. La prevalencia promedio de las CAR fue 12%, el sobrepeso u obesidad se presentó en 48% de los participantes, 20% de ellos no desayunaba, y sólo el 16% tomaba sus alimentos sin ningún distractor (p=0.012). La variables asociadas a las CAR para el desarrollo de TAC fueron: realizar cualquier actividad simultánea al consumo de alimentos (RM:4.23, p=0.006), sobrepeso u obesidad (RM:2.59, p=0.001), comer sin compañía (RM:2.04, p=0.005), no comer frutas (RM:1.96, p=0.008) y/o leche (RM:1.79, p=0.026), ser mujer (RM:1.74 p=0.024) y no desayunar (RM:1.57, p=0.035). El consumo de alimentos que los adolescentes practicaron fue diferente del que recomendaron para estar sanos, fue menor en verduras, frutas y leguminosas, y mayor en azúcares, lípidos y bebidas gaseosas. Se concluye que existe una asociación entre el IMC y las CAR. No se encontró coherencia entre lo que los adolescentes refirieron comer y lo que ellos recomiendan, según sus conocimientos.

Association between body mass index and risk feeding behaviors to develop eating disorders in Mexican adolescents. The body self-perception and its dissatisfaction are related with the risk for developing abnormal eating behaviors (AEB), especially in eating disorders (ED) in adolescents. The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between dietary habits and the risk for AEB and their association with body mass index (BMI) in a group of adolescents in the metropolitan area of Mexico City. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted with a sample of 671 adolescents, both sex, between 12 and 15 years. A validated questionnaire was used to assess the risk for developing AEB. BMI was obtained, and information from the practice and knowledge of food consumption was available. The prevalence of the risk for developing AEB in this study was 12%. It showed that 48% of participants were overweight or obese, 20% did not eat breakfast, 16% took their food without doing other activity simultaneously (p=0.012). The variables associated with the risk AEB, for developing of ED were doing any activity simultaneously with food intake (OR:4.23 p=0.006), overweight-obesity (OR:2.59 p=0001), eating without company (OR:2.04 p=0.005), not eating fruit (OR:1.96 p=0.008) or milk (OR:1.79 p=0.026), being female (OR:1.74 p= 0.024) and skipping breakfast (OR:1.57 p=0,035). Food intake differed with what themselves recommended being healthy, which was lower in vegetables, fruits, leguminous and higher in sugars, fats and soda. We conclude there is a relationship between BMI and the risk for developing AEB. There was no consistency between what adolescents say they should eat to be healthy and what they eat.

[Association between body mass index and risk feeding behaviors to develop eating disorders in Mexican adolescents]. / Asociación del índice de masa corporal y conductas de riesgo en el desarrollo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en adolescentes mexicanos.

The body self-perception and its dissatisfaction are related with the risk for developing abnormal eating behaviors (AEB), especially in eating disorders (ED) in adolescents. The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between dietary habits and the risk for AEB and their association with body mass index (BMI) in a group of adolescents in the metropolitan area of Mexico City. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted with a sample of 671 adolescents, both sex, between 12 and 15 years. A validated questionnaire was used to assess the risk for developing AEB. BMI was obtained, and information from the practice and knowledge of food consumption was available. The prevalence of the risk for developing AEB in this study was 12%. It showed that 48% of participants were overweight or obese, 20% did not eat breakfast, 16% took their food without doing other activity simultaneously (p = 0.012). The variables associated with the risk AEB, for developing of ED were doing any activity simultaneously with food intake (OR: 4.23 p = 0.006), overweight-obesity (OR: 2.59 p = 0001), eating without company (OR: 2.04 p = 0.005), not eating fruit (OR: 1.96 = 0.008) or milk (OR:1.79 p = 0.026), being female (OR: 1.74 p = 0.024) and skipping breakfast (OR: 1.57 p = 0,035). Food intake differed with what themselves recommended being healthy, which was lower in vegetables, fruits, leguminous and higher in sugars, fats and soda. We conclude there is a relationship between BMI and the risk for developing AEB. There was no consistency between what adolescents say they should eat to be healthy and what they eat.