Forest fire risk zoning based on fuzzy logic and analytical network process.

Forest fires have a significant impact on human life, property safety, and ecological environment. Deve-loping high-quality forest fire risk maps is beneficial for preventing forest fires, guiding resource allocation for firefighting, assisting in fire suppression efforts, and supporting decision-making. With a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) method based on geographic information systems (GIS) and literature review, we assessed the main factors influencing the occurrences of forest fires in Youxi County, Fujian Province. We analyzed the importance of each fire risk factor using the analytic network process (ANP) and assigned weights, and evaluated the sub-standard weights using fuzzy logic assessment. Using ArcGIS aggregation functions, we generated a forest fire risk map and validated it with satellite fire points. The results showed that the areas classified as level 4 or higher fire risk accounted for a considerable proportion in Youxi County, and that the central and northern regions were at higher risk. The overall fire risk situation in the county was severe. The fuzzy ANP model demonstrated a high accuracy of 85.8%. The introduction of this novel MCDA method could effectively improve the accuracy of forest fire risk mapping at a small scale, providing a basis for early fire warning and the planning and allocation of firefighting resources.

[Seasonal variation and driving factors of forest fire in Zhejiang Province, China, based on MODIS satellite hot spots]. / 基于MODISå«æ˜Ÿç«ç‚¹çš„æµ™æ±Ÿçœæž—ç«å­£èŠ‚å˜åŒ–åŠé©±åŠ¨å› å­.

Understanding the changes and driving factors of forest fire can provide scientific basis for prevention and management of forest fire. In this study, we analyzed the changes and driving factors of forest fire in Zhejiang Province during 2001-2016 based on trend analysis and Logistic regression model with the MODIS satellite fire point data combined with meteorological (daily ave-rage wind speed, daily average temperature, daily relative humidity, daily temperature difference, daily cumulative precipitation), human activities (distance from road, distance from railway, distance from resident, population, per capita GDP), topographic and vegetation factors (elevation, slope, vegetation coverage). The results showed that the number of forest fires in spring and summer had significantly increased, while the forest fires in the autumn and winter increased first and then decreased. Forest fire in autumn significantly declined. The four seasons' fire occurrence prediction models had good prediction accuracy, reaching 75.8% (spring), 79.1% (summer), 74.7% (autumn) and 79.6% (winter). The meteorological, human activity, topographic and vegetation factors significantly affected fire occurrence in spring and summer, while meteorological factors were the main fire drivers in autumn and winter in Zhejiang. The focus of forest fire management should be on human activities. Fire prevention campaign should be done in spring and summer when high-risk forest fires were scattered in the study area. In autumn and winter, observatory and monitoring equipment could be built to facilitate fire management and detect in the area of high fire risk that was concentrated in the southwest region.

[Forest fire management in the United States]. / 美国林火管理概况及分析.

With the intensification of climate change and human activities, megafires frequently occur, with serious impacts on ecosystems, atmospheric environment, and human health. The United States has accumulated a large amount of practical experience in forest fire management. A comprehensive review of the framework of forest fire management in the United States can provide an inspiring reference for forest fire prevention in China. Starting from the process of historical evolution of forest fire policy, we systematically introduced the four stages of policy evolution and the characteristics of each stage in the US. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis of forest fire management situation in the US from four aspects was conducted, including the management of combustible fuels, administrative responsibility, fire suppression and forest fire management research support. We summarized relevant literature and proposed improvement strategies for future combustibles management, policy politics and fire fighting in the United States. Through the comprehensive analysis of forest fire management in the United States, we put forward some inspiring opinions on forest fire management in China to promote the establishment of a sound forest fire management system with Chinese characteristics.