Characterization and Mapping of a Rolling Leaf Mutant Allele rlT73 on Chromosome 1BL of Wheat.

Leaf rolling is regarded as an important morphological trait in wheat breeding. Moderate leaf rolling is helpful to keep leaves upright and improve the photosynthesis of plants, leading to increased yield. However, studies on the identification of genomic regions/genes associated with rolling leaf have been reported less frequently in wheat. In this study, a rolling leaf mutant, T73, which has paired spikelets, dwarfism, and delayed heading traits, was obtained from a common wheat landrace through ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis. The rlT73 mutation caused an increase in the number of epidermal cells on the abaxial side and the shrinkage of bulliform cells on the adaxial side, leading to an adaxially rolling leaf phenotype. Genetic analysis showed that the rolling leaf phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene. Further Wheat55K single nucleotide polymorphism array-based bulked segregant analysis and molecular marker mapping delimited rlT73 to a physical interval of 300.29-318.33 Mb on the chromosome arm 1BL in the Chinese Spring genome. We show that a point mutation at the miRNA165/166 binding site of the HD zipper class III transcription factor on 1BL altered its transcriptional level, which may be responsible for the rolling leaf phenotype. Our results suggest the important role of rlT73 in regulating wheat leaf development and the potential of miRNA-based gene regulation for crop trait improvement.

Perioperative targeted therapy for oncogene-driven NSCLC.

Targeted therapy has stepped into the perioperative treatment arena and launched a radical revolution in the treatment of early-stage oncogene-driven non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A series of practice-changing clinical trials has enriched the therapeutic perspectives of potentially curable NSCLC. While the CTONG1104 trial took the first step in investigating the adjuvant gefitinib - a first-generation epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), for the treatment of resected EGFR-mutated NSCLC - the subsequent ADAURA study marked adjuvant osimertinib as the standard of care for resected EGFR-mutant NSCLC. Other targeted agents matched for ALK, ROS1, NTRK, BRAF V600, and RET molecular alterations are also currently being evaluated in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings, and there is an urgent need to study biomarker selection, optimal duration, and paradigm making. All these efforts are intended to hit the same target, which is to treat patients on a more personalized level. We review herein the recent major breakthroughs in perioperative targeted therapy for oncogene-driven NSCLC, focusing especially on data from published clinical trials. We discuss challenges from surgical, pathological, and oncological perspectives, and provide recommended strategies for the clinical management of early-stage NSCLC patients.