A study on the belt and road initiative's trade and its influencing factors: Evidence of China-South Asia's panel data.

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a development plan proposed by China that aims to build a new platform for international cooperation and create new drivers of shared development. South Asia is a key area in the Belt and Road Initiative, including eight countries. As the BRI implemented, China's trade with South Asia has been gradually strengthened. This paper explores the influencing factors of China-South Asia trade under the background of the BRI by using Gravity Model of Trade. The results show that economic growth in China and South Asia, increase of savings rate and improvement of industrialization in South Asia has a significant positive effect on China-South Asia trade. While the development gap between China and South Asia has negative effect on China-South Asia trade.

The Spatial Spillover Effect of Clean Energy Development on Economic Development: A Case of Theoretical and Empirical Analyses from China.

Does clean energy development (CED) have a spatial spillover effect on economic growth (EG)? Using the panel data of 30 provincial administrative units from 2000 to 2019 in China, this study empirically investigates the spatial spillover effect of CED on EG. From the perspective of the supply side rather than the consumption side, using the spatial Durbin model (SDM), the study finds that CED does not have a significant impact on EG, while there is an apparent positive spillover effect of CED on EG in China, meaning that CED in one province can boost EG in the surrounding provinces. Theoretically, this paper provides a new perspective for studying the relationship between CED and EG. In practice, it provides a reference for further improving the government's future energy policy.

Agricultural Insurance and Agricultural Economic Growth: The Case of Zhejiang Province in China.

Based on the theories of welfare economics, this paper analyzed the mechanism of agricultural insurance (AI) affecting agricultural economic growth (AEG), theoretically, and carried out an empirical analysis by using the random effects model and thirteen years of panel data, which included the annual data of 11 cities in Zhejiang Province, China, from 2007 to 2019. The gross output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery (GOVA) of 11 cities in Zhejiang Province is selected as the explained variable, agricultural insurance premium income (AIPI) as an explanatory variable. We selected area of waterlogging removal (AWR), rural electricity consumption (REC), total power of agricultural machinery (TPAM), and crop-sown area (CSA) as control variables. The study shows that: (1) the AIPI has a significant positive impact on the growth of GOVA. When other conditions remain unchanged, a 1% increase in AIPI increases the GOVA by 0.166%, accordingly; (2) The control variables of REC, TPAM, and CSA are statistically significant for the growth of the GOVA. The elasticity coefficient of REC is 0.325, the elastic coefficient of the TPAM is 0.287, and the elasticity coefficient of CSA is -0.281.

Does Clean Energy Use Have Threshold Effects on Economic Development? A Case of Theoretical and Empirical Analyses from China.

Increasingly serious energy security and environmental problems have become the main constraints to China's economic development. Therefore, it is critical to explore the threshold effect of clean energy use on China's economic growth. Based on the panel data of 30 Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2019 and using energy intensity (EI) as the threshold variable, this study adopts a panel threshold model to explore the threshold effect of clean energy development on the economy. Empirical results indicate that clean energy has a significant threshold effect on economic development, with the threshold value of EI being 0.7655. When EI is less than 0.7655, clean energy development has a more positive effect on economic growth. When the EI exceeds 0.7655, the impact is significantly positive but with a smaller coefficient. EI weakens the role of clean energy development in promoting economic growth. After 2015, the EI of most provinces in the sample was below the threshold value, which indicates that in recent years, with the economic cost of developing clean energy decreasing, the role of clean energy development in promoting the economy has become more significant. Therefore, we propose policy implications to better promote the effect of clean energy development in promoting economic growth.

Total Factor Productivity and High-Quality Economic Development: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China.

This paper focuses on the total factor productivity (TFP) and high-quality economic development in China by examining 11 Chinese provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2007 to 2018. We use the Solow residual method to calculate the TFP growth rate of the 11 provinces and cities. Based on the panel data, we have analyzed the influencing factors of TFP theoretically and empirically from the overall region and upstream region, and midstream region and downstream region, respectively. The regression results show that: (1) The whole characteristics generally show the TFP growth trend of the upstream region, midstream region and downstream region are consistent with that of the overall region, and the growth rate of TFP slows down gradually. Meanwhile the differences in TFP growth between the upstream region, midstream region and downstream region show an increase at first and then a decrease. (2) Regarding the influencing factors, there are differences in the direction and extent of the impact of each factor such as the level of openness, R&D investment, industrial structure, government expenditure and human capital on the TFP of the overall region, upstream region, midstream region and downstream region. (3) Based on the results of the theoretical and empirical analysis, we have proposed a series of measures for the sustainable high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

An Empirical Analysis of Energy Consumption, FDI and High Quality Development Based on Time Series Data of Zhejiang Province.

This paper aims to identify the relationship among energy consumption, FDI, and economic development in China from 1993 to 2017, taking Zhejiang as an example. FDI is the main factor of the rapid development of Zhejiang's open economy, which promotes the development of the economy, but also leads to the growth in energy consumption. Based on the time series data of energy consumption, FDI inflow, and GDP in Zhejiang from 1993 to 2017, we choose the vector auto-regression (VAR) model and try to identify the relationship among energy consumption, FDI, and economic development. The results indicate that there is a long-run equilibrium relationship among them. The FDI inflow promotes energy consumption, and the energy consumption promotes FDI inflow in turn. FDI promotes economic growth indirectly through energy consumption. Therefore, improving the quality of FDI and energy efficiency has become an inevitable choice to achieve the transition of Zhejiang's economy from high speed growth to high quality growth.