ETS homologous factor, controlled by lysine-specific demethylase 5B, suppresses clear cell renal cell carcinoma by inducing Filamin-B.

BACKGROUND: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains a deadly disease with a poor prognosis. Here, we identified the ETS homologous factor (EHF) and its target Filamin-B (FLNB) as molecules related to immune evasion in ccRCC. We also explored the upstream modifier that manipulates EHF in ccRCC. DESIGN: Cell proliferation and apoptosis assay, wound healing assay, and Transwell assay were designed to analyze the effects of EHF or FLNB knockdown on the biological activity of ccRCC cells. The growth of differently treated ccRCC cells was assessed by orthotopic tumors. ccRCC cells with different treatments were co-cultured with macrophages, and the role of the lysine-specific demethylase 5B (KDM5B)/EHF/FLNB axis on macrophage polarization or ccRCC progression was characterized by detecting the expression of M2 macrophage markers in the co-culture system or tumor tissues of tumor-bearing mice. RESULTS: The expression of EHF and FLNB was higher, while KDM5B was lower in HK2 cells than in ccRCC cells. EHF overexpression inhibited the biological behavior of ccRCC cells and tumor growth in mice. EHF activated FLNB transcription. Knockdown of FLNB supported the biological activity of ccRCC cells and tumor growth and reversed M2 macrophage polarization in tumor tissues of mice in the presence of EHF. KDM5B inhibited EHF expression by H3K4me3 demethylation, and EHF knockdown potentiated M2 macrophage polarization and tumor growth in vivo repressed by KDM5B knockdown. CONCLUSIONS: KDM5B inhibited the expression of EHF by repressing H3K4me3 modification and the transcription of FLNB by EHF to promote immune evasion and progression of ccRCC.

Comprehensive Bioinformatic Analysis Reveals an Autophagy-related Gene Signature for Predicting Outcome, Immune Status, and Drug Sensitivity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world, but molecular complexity and tumor heterogeneity make predictive models for HCC prognosis ineffective. Many recent studies have suggested that autophagy is important in tumor progression. Using autophagy-related genes (ARGs), we attempted to create a novel signature for individual prognosis prediction in patients with HCC. METHODS: Differentially expressed ARGs (DE-ARGs) in HCC and normal samples were screened using TCGA datasets. Univariate Cox and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to determine ARGs related to survival in HCC. An autophagy-based signature was constructed using LASSO, and its correlation with the prognosis and the immune infiltration of HCC patients was explored. RESULTS: In this study, we screened 32 survival-related DE-ARGs by analyzing TCGA datasets. Functional enrichment indicated that the 32 DE-ARGs may play important functional and regulatory roles in cellular autophagy, the regulation of multiple signaling pathways, as well as in the context of cancer and neurological diseases. Based on PPI Network, we identified several hub genes. LASSO Cox regression analysis selected five genes (CASP8, FOXO1, PRKCD, SPHK1, and SQSTM1) for a novel prognostic model. AUCs of 0.752, 0.686, and 0.665 in the TCGA whole set indicated that the model accurately predicted 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival, respectively. Cox regression analysis showed that the five-gene signature is an independent and robust predictor in patients with HCC. The high-risk group demonstrated higher levels of immune cell infiltration and exhibited a strong correlation with the immune microenvironment and tumor stem cells. In addition, we further identified PRKCD and SQSTM1 as critical regulators involved in HCC progression. The expression levels of PRKCD and SQSTM1 genes play a crucial role in chemotherapy drug sensitivity and resistance. CONCLUSION: We introduce here a novel ARG-based predictive feature for HCC patients. Effective use of this signature will aid in determining a patient's prognosis and may lead to novel approaches to clinical decision-making and therapy.

Biochemical and microstructural determinants of the development of serous retinal detachment secondary to retinal vein occlusion.

Purpose: To study the alteration of cytokine factors in aqueous humor and retinal microstructure in the formation of serous retinal detachment (SRD) secondary to retinal vein occlusion. Methods: The subjects were 39 patients with RVO, of whom 31 patients had SRD (RVO-SRD). Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) was used to measure the completeness of photoreceptor inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) and the external limiting membrane (ELM) as well as the structure of RVO-SRD, including the height and shape of SRD. The aqueous humor was collected before intravitreal injection of Ranibizumab. The concentrations of VEGF, MCP-1, IL-8, IL-6, b-FGF and TNF-α in the aqueous humor were measured. All patients participated in the 6-month follow-up examinations, which included visual acuity, intraocular pressure, ophthalmologic examination, and SD-OCT. The time of recurrence of RVO-SRD was recorded. Results: The formation of SRD was associated with the area of congested vein, disrupted IS/OS, ELM layers and high VEGF, MCP-1, IL-8, IL-6 levels. However, the height and shape of SRD were not relevant to any inflammatory factors. Moreover, high levels of MCP-1, IL-8 and IL-6 were found in large areas of congested veins. High levels of MCP-1 and IL-6 were observed in the patients with incomplete IS/OS and ELM. The recurrence of SRD was related to the high MCP-1 level. Conclusion: High concentrations of cytokine factors in aqueous humor could induce vascular leakage, exacerbate the extent of macular edema, disrupt the structure of ELM and IS/OS, and develop SRD in RVO.

[Xiongcan Yishen Formula up-regulates the clock gene expressions in the testis tissue of the rats with late-onset hypogonadism].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Xiongcan Yishen Formula (XYF) on the expressions of the clock genes in the testis tissue of the rats with late-onset hypogonadism (LOH). METHODS: Forty-eight 8-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, normal control, model control, testosterone propionate (TP), and low-, medium- and high-dose XYF. The LOH model was made in the later 5 groups of rats by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose at 480 mg/kg/d for 56 successive days, while the normal controls were injected with the same volume of normal saline. After modeling, the rats in the low-, medium- and high-dose XYF groups were treated intragastrically with XYF at 10.4, 20.8 and 41.6 g/kg/d, bid, respectively, those in the normal and model control groups with the same volume of distilled water, and those in the TP group intramuscularly with TP at 5.21 mg/kg/d, qd alt, all for 28 days. After treatment, the supernatant was obtained for measurement of the serum T level by ELISA, and the testis tissue collected for determination of the mRNA and protein expressions of BMAL1, NR1D1, PER2, CRY1, StAR and CYP11A1 by RT-qPCR and Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the normal controls, the rats in the LOH model control group showed significantly decreased serum T and mRNA and protein expressions of BMAL1, NR1D1, PER2, CRY1, StAR and CYP11A1 (P < 0.05). In comparison with the findings in the model controls, the T level was remarkably increased in the TP and XYF groups (P < 0.05), the expressions of StAR mRNA and CYP11A1 mRNA and protein markedly up-regulated in the high-dose XYF group (P < 0.05), and so was the expression of the StAR protein in the XYF and TP groups (P < 0.05), those of BMAL1 and NR1D1 proteins and PER2 mRNA and protein in the high-dose XYF group (P < 0.05), those of BMAL1 mRNA and CRY1 protein in the medium- and high-dose XYF groups (P < 0.05), that of NR1D1 mRNA in the XYF and TP groups (P < 0.05), and that of CRY1 mRNA in the medium- and high-dose XYF and TP groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Xiongcan Yishen Formula could up-regulate the expressions of the clock genes in the testis tissue of the LOH rats and increase the serum T level as well, which may underlie the mechanisms of Xiongcan Yishen Formula acting on LOH.

OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY CHARACTERISTICS OVER TIME IN BEHÇET'S UVEITIS.

PURPOSE: To analyze the characteristics of macular optical coherence tomography in patients with Behçet's uveitis (BU). METHODS: Retrospectively analyzing optical coherence tomography images and clinical data of patients with Behçet's uveitis who visited our hospital from January 2010 to July 2022. RESULTS: One hundred and one patients (174 eyes) were included. We analyzed the development of optical coherence tomography changes in these patients and its relationship with acuity vision and found that cystic macular edema, hyperreflexive retinal spots, inner nuclear layer edema, and outer nuclear layer edema appeared at any time during the disease course. Epiretinal membranes appeared beginning 1 to 2 weeks after onset and worsened over time, and foveal atrophy occurred beginning at 2 to 4 weeks. Foveal atrophy, foveal layers disappear, ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruption, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) disruption, RPE hyperreflection, and choroidal hyperreflection were correlated with visual acuity. Kaplan‒Meier survival analysis showed at 60 months of follow-up, and almost all patients with foveal atrophy, EZ disruption, RPE disruption, RPE hyperreflection, and choroidal hyperreflection had visual acuity less than logMAR 1.0. EZ disruption and RPE disruption were reversible with aggressive treatment from 4 to 12 months after onset, but was less recoverable after 2 years. In advanced stages, optical coherence tomography manifested as structural disturbances and atrophy of the macular area, highly reflective material deposition in the RPE layer, and a thick macular epimembrane. CONCLUSION: Optical coherence tomography showed that severe lesions occurred in macula of patients with Behçet's uveitis in early stage. Aggressive treatment can partially reverse it.

Emerging roles of non-coding RNAs in colorectal cancer oxaliplatin resistance and liquid biopsy potential.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies of the digestive tract, with the annual incidence and mortality increasing consistently. Oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy is a preferred therapeutic regimen for patients with advanced CRC. However, most patients will inevitably develop resistance to oxaliplatin. Many studies have reported that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, are extensively involved in cancer progression. Moreover, emerging evidence has revealed that ncRNAs mediate chemoresistance to oxaliplatin by transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, and by epigenetic modification. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which ncRNAs regulate the initiation and development of CRC chemoresistance to oxaliplatin. Furthermore, we investigate the clinical application of ncRNAs as promising biomarkers for liquid CRC biopsy. This review provides new insights into overcoming oxaliplatin resistance in CRC by targeting ncRNAs.

Regulation of wakefulness by astrocytes in the lateral hypothalamus.

The lateral hypothalamus (LH) is an important brain region mediating sleep-wake behavior. Recent evidence has shown that astrocytes in central nervous system modulate the activity of adjacent neurons and participate in several physiological functions. However, the role of LH astrocytes in sleep-wake regulation remains unclear. Here, using synchronous recording of electroencephalogram/electromyogram in mice and calcium signals in LH astrocytes, we show that the activity of LH astrocytes is significantly increased during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep-to-wake transitions and decreased during Wake-to-NREM sleep transitions. Chemogenetic activation of LH astrocytes potently promotes wakefulness and maintains long-term arousal, while chemogenetic inhibition of LH astrocytes decreases the total amount of wakefulness in mice. Moreover, by combining chemogenetics with fiber photometry, we show that activation of LH astrocytes significantly increases the calcium signals of adjacent neurons, especially among GABAergic neurons. Taken together, our results clearly illustrate that LH astrocytes are a key neural substrate regulating wakefulness and encode this behavior through surrounding GABAergic neurons. Our findings raise the possibility that overactivity of LH astrocytes may be an underlying mechanism of clinical sleep disorders.

The significance of anatomical variation of the inferior mesenteric artery and its branches for laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer: a review.

Currently, high or low ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) is a controversial issue in laparoscopic radical surgery for colorectal cancer. High or low ligation of the IMA has both advantages and disadvantages, and the level of ligation during the left colon and/or rectum resection has been a dilemma for surgeons. One important factor influencing the surgeon's decision to ligate the IMA in a high or low position is the anatomical type of the IMA and its branches. Some studies confirm that the anatomy of the IMA and its branches is critical to the anastomotic blood supply and, therefore, influences the choice of surgical approach (level of ligation of the IMA). However, many vascular variations in the anatomy of the IMA and its branches exist. Herein, we have summarized the anatomical types of the IMA and its branches, finding that the classification proposed by Yada et al. in 1997 is presently accepted by most scholars. Based on Yada's classification, we further summarized the characteristics of the IMA's various anatomical types as a guide for high or low ligation in radical colorectal cancer surgery.

Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis of Uveitis Induced by Anticancer Drugs: A Review of Literature.

There are increasing reports that anticancer drugs, especially immunotherapy and specific targeted therapy, can cause uveitis, but it is not fully understood whether the clinical features of this drug-induced uveitis differ from those of other types of uveitis and whether there are differences between these drugs. We retrospectively reviewed the published cases and case series in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane from January 2011 to October 2020. We analysed the data, including patients' basic information, medications used, duration of use, time to onset, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of uveitis. We focused on the differences in uveitis caused by immunotherapy and specific targeted therapy. Altogether 93 cases (43 men, 48 women, and 2 cases whose gender was not mentioned) reported in 55 articles were included in this study. The average age was 59.6 ± 13.5 years. Eighty percent of the patients had bilateral involvement. Sixty cases were caused by immunotherapy (64.5%), and twenty-six were caused by specific targeted therapy (27.9%). No significant difference was found in the mean time from treatment to onset between the two groups. Anticancer drug-induced uveitis can involve all parts of the uvea from anterior to posterior, manifested as anterior chamber flare, anterior chamber cells, papillitis, macular oedema, subretinal fluid, and choroidal effusion. Anterior uveitis (24 cases, 40.0%) was more common in immunotherapy, and intermediate uveitis (8 cases, 30.8%) was more common in specific targeted therapy. The mean LogMAR visual acuity in specific targeted therapy at presentation was lower than in immunotherapy, but it was not statistically significant. Corticosteroid therapy can effectively control uveitis induced by anticancer drugs. However, the survival prognosis was poor. Among the 19 patients with reported cancer prognosis, seven (36.8%) had no cancer progression, eight (42.1%) had further metastases, and four (21.0%) died of cancer. In conclusion, uveitis caused by anticancer drugs involves both eyes and manifests as various types of uveitis. Patients with specific targeted therapy are more likely to have intermediate uveitis and low vision, and immunotherapy patients are more likely to have anterior uveitis. Corticosteroids are effective against uveitis caused by anticancer drugs.

Control of Behavioral Arousal and Defense by a Glutamatergic Midbrain-Amygdala Pathway in Mice.

In response to external threatening signals, animals evolve a series of defensive behaviors that depend on heightened arousal. It is believed that arousal and defensive behaviors are coordinately regulated by specific neurocircuits in the central nervous system. The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a key structure located in the ventral midbrain of mice. The activity of VTA glutamatergic neurons has recently been shown to be closely related to sleep-wake behavior. However, the specific role of VTA glutamatergic neurons in sleep-wake regulation, associated physiological functions, and underlying neural circuits remain unclear. In the current study, using an optogenetic approach and synchronous polysomnographic recording, we demonstrated that selective activation of VTA glutamatergic neurons induced immediate transition from sleep to wakefulness and obviously increased the amount of wakefulness in mice. Furthermore, optogenetic activation of VTA glutamatergic neurons induced multiple defensive behaviors, including burrowing, fleeing, avoidance and hiding. Finally, viral-mediated anterograde activation revealed that projections from the VTA to the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) mediated the wake- and defense-promoting effects of VTA glutamatergic neurons. Collectively, our results illustrate that the glutamatergic VTA is a key neural substrate regulating wakefulness and defensive behaviors that controls these behaviors through its projection into the CeA. We further discuss the possibility that the glutamatergic VTA-CeA pathway may be involved in psychiatric diseases featuring with excessive defense.

Arbitrary superposition of plasmonic orbital angular momentum states with nanostructures.

A kind of plasmonic nanostructure is proposed that can generate the arbitrary superposition of orbital angular momentum (OAM) states in surface plasmons (SPs), which is achieved by combining the segmented spirals with nanoslit pairs. The structures can independently modulate both the phase and amplitude of SP waves, and thus enable the superposition of two OAM states with arbitrary topological charges (TCs) as well as free control of their relative amplitudes. Superposed states distributed over the entire Bloch sphere and hybrid superposed states with different TCs were constructed and experimentally demonstrated. This work will offer more opportunities for multifunctional plasmonic devices.

The value of tumor deposits in evaluating colorectal cancer survival and metastasis: a population-based retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The role of tumor deposits (TDs) in TNM staging of colorectal cancer is controversial, especially the relationship with distant metastasis. PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the effect of TDs on the survival of colorectal cancer and the occurrence of distant metastasis and to determine whether TDs (+) patients behaved similarly to stage IV patients. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of CRC patients from two large independent cohorts from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database (n = 58775) and the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (n = 742). RESULTS: Univariate logistic analyses revealed that TDs are an independent predictor of liver metastasis [p < 0.001; odds ratio (OR): 5.738; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.560-9.248] in the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University's patients. Meanwhile, TDs are also an independent predictor of isolated organ metastasis [p <0.001; odds ratio (OR): 3.028; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.414-3.79; multiple organ metastases [p < 0.001; odds ratio (OR): 4.778; 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.109-5.556]; isolated liver metastasis [p < 0.001; odds ratio (OR): 4.395; 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.099-4.713] and isolated lung metastasis [p < 0.001; odds ratio (OR): 5.738; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.560-9.248] in the SEER database. Multivariate analyses suggested TDs are an independent poor prognostic factor for distant metastasis (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results have shown that compared with patients with negative TDs, CRC patients with positive TDs are more likely to develop distant metastasis. Patients categorized as T4aN2bM0 TDs (+) and T4bN2M0 TDs (+) have a similar prognosis as those with stage IV, and hence these patients should be classified as stage IV.

Intravitreal dexamethasone implant for noninfectious uveitis in Chinese patients.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the dexamethasone intravitreal implant (DEX-I) in Non-Infectious Uveitis (NIU) in Chinese patients. METHODS: Ninety-one eyes of 77 patients (56 men, 21 women) receiving 130 implant injections for NIU were included. Treatment indication, uveitis diagnosis, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), vitreous haze score, intraocular pressure, phakic status, number of injections, time to reinjection, and systemic treatments were collected at baseline, 1 week, 1 month, 3 and 6 months after treatment. RESULTS: All patients were followed for at least 12 weeks and had a mean follow-up period of 5.1 months (range, 3-14 months) after the first implant. The main treatment indications were macular edema (ME), retinal vasculitis, retinal vasculitis with ME. Sixty-one eyes (67.03%) received only one injection, while 31 eyes (32.97%) received two or more. In eyes that received 2 injections, the mean time to the second injection was 3.83 months and in those that received 3 injections, the mean time to the third injection was 7.5 months. BCVA and CRT significantly improved at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after treatment. When compared to baseline, the mean prednisone (or equivalent) dosage significantly decreased at 3- and 6-month follow-up evaluations after DEX implantation.14.29% of eyes developed a transient increase in intraocular pressure, and a cataract was removed from 1 phakic eye. CONCLUSIONS: DEX implants, either alone or in combination with common adjunctive NIU treatments, is safe and effective in the treatment of NIU in Chinese patients.

Wind Tunnel Measurements for Flutter of a Long-Afterbody Bridge Deck.

Bridges are an important component of transportation. Flutter is a self-excited, large amplitude vibration, which may lead to collapse of bridges. It must be understood and avoided. This paper takes the Jianghai Channel Bridge, which is a significant part of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, as an example to investigate the flutter of the bridge deck. Firstly, aerodynamic force models for flutter of bridges were introduced. Then, wind tunnel tests of the bridge deck during the construction and the operation stages, under different wind attack angles and wind velocities, were carried out using a high frequency base balance (HFBB) system and laser displacement sensors. From the tests, the static aerodynamic forces and flutter derivatives of the bridge deck were observed. Correspondingly, the critical flutter wind speeds of the bridge deck were determined based on the derivatives, and they are compared with the directly measured flutter speeds. Results show that the observed derivatives are reasonable and applicable. Furthermore, the critical wind speeds in the operation stage is smaller than those in the construction stage. Besides, the flutter instabilities of the bridge in the construction and the operation stages are good. This study helps guarantee the design and the construction of the Jianghai Channel Bridge, and advances the understanding of flutter of long afterbody bridge decks.

The optimal algorithm for Multi-source RS image fusion.

In order to solve the issue which the fusion rules cannot be self-adaptively adjusted by using available fusion methods according to the subsequent processing requirements of Remote Sensing (RS) image, this paper puts forward GSDA (genetic-iterative self-organizing data analysis algorithm) by integrating the merit of genetic arithmetic together with the advantage of iterative self-organizing data analysis algorithm for multi-source RS image fusion. The proposed algorithm considers the wavelet transform of the translation invariance as the model operator, also regards the contrast pyramid conversion as the observed operator. The algorithm then designs the objective function by taking use of the weighted sum of evaluation indices, and optimizes the objective function by employing GSDA so as to get a higher resolution of RS image. As discussed above, the bullet points of the text are summarized as follows.•The contribution proposes the iterative self-organizing data analysis algorithm for multi-source RS image fusion.•This article presents GSDA algorithm for the self-adaptively adjustment of the fusion rules.•This text comes up with the model operator and the observed operator as the fusion scheme of RS image based on GSDA. The proposed algorithm opens up a novel algorithmic pathway for multi-source RS image fusion by means of GSDA.

Field Measurements and Numerical Simulations of Temperature and Moisture in Highway Engineering Using a Frequency Domain Reflectometry Sensor.

This paper presents a systematic pioneering study on the use of agricultural-purpose frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) sensors to monitor temperature and moisture of a subgrade in highway extension and reconstruction engineering. The principle of agricultural-purpose FDR sensors and the process for embedding this kind of sensors for subgrade engineering purposes are introduced. Based on field measured weather data, a numerical analysis model for temperature and moisture content in the subgrade's soil is built. Comparisons of the temperature and moisture data obtained from numerical simulation and FDR-based measurements are conducted. The results show that: (1) the embedding method and process, data acquisition, and remote transmission presented are reasonable; (2) the temperature and moisture changes are coordinated with the atmospheric environment and they are also in close agreement with numerical calculations; (3) the change laws of both are consistent at positions where the subgrade is compacted uniformly. These results suggest that the data measured by the agricultural-purpose FDR sensors are reliable. The findings of this paper enable a new and effective real-time monitoring method for a subgrade's temperature and moisture changes, and thus broaden the application of agricultural-purpose FDR sensors.

[Effects of different water potentials on leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of cucumber during post-flowering growth stage].

Impacts of different substrate water potentials (SWP) on leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of greenhouse cucumber during its post-flowering growth stage were analyzed in this study. The results demonstrated that -10 and -30 kPa were the critical values for initiating stomatal and non-stomatal limitation of drought stress, respectively. During the stage of no drought stress (-10 kPa < SWP ≤ 0 kPa), gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were not different significantly among treatments. During the stage of stomatal limitation of drought stress (-30 kPa

[Expression of cyclin D1 and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in non-small cell lung carcinoma and their association with the prognosis].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: The occurrence and development of tumors are controled by oncogene, antioncogene and tumor metastasis-related gene. Cyclin D1 is the expressive product of CCND1(a kind of oncogen). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) regulates the growth of neoplastic angiogenesis, which plays a role in the invasion and metastasis of tumor. The objective of this study was to detect the expression of Cyclin D1 and VEGF in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to explore their association with the prognosis of NSCLC. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Cyclin D1 and VEGF in pathological tissue sections of 55 cases of NSCLC and 10 cases of non-malignant tissue from lung lesions. The relationship between the expression of Cyclin D1 and VEGF in 55 NSCLC sections and the age, sex, smoke, size of tumor, histopathological type, differentiation, stage, lymph node metastasis and survival time were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The expression rates of Cyclin D1 and VEGF in the 55 NSCLC tissue sections were 61.82% and 74.55%, respectively. In 10 cases of non-malignant tissue sections, cyclin D1 expression was not detected and VEGF expression (+/-) was only in 2 cases. The expression of Cyclin D1 and VEGF showed: (1) there was no significant difference among age, sex, histopathological type, stage, differentiation, tumor size and smoking level; (2) there were significant differences between the patients with and without lymph node metastasis; (3) there were significant differences of survival time between positive and negative expression groups. It meant Cyclin D1 and VEGF would be the poor prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: The expression of Cyclin D1 and VEGF occurred in more than 60% cases of NSCLC, which may play a role in the biologic behavior and prognosis of NSCLC.