[Poisonous substances and geographical distribution of poisoning in hospitalized children based on data from 25 hospitals in China from 2016 to 2020].

Objective: To investigate the poisonous substances and geographical distribution of poisoning in children in China. Methods: A cross-sectional study. The clinical data of 8 385 hospitalized children from January 2016 to December 2020 were extracted from the FUTang Updating Medical Records database. These children aged 0 to 18 years and were admitted due to poisoning. They were grouped according to age (newborns and infants, toddlers, preschoolers, school-age children, adolescents), place of residence (Northeast China, North China, Central China, East China, South China, Southwest China, Northwest China), and mode of discharge (discharge under medical advice, transfer to another hospital under medical advice, discharge without medical advice, death, other). The poisonous substance and causes of poisoning in different groups were analyzed. Results: Among these 8 385 children, 4 734 (56.5%) were male and 3 651 (43.5%) female, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.3∶1. The age was 3 (2, 7) years. The prevalence of poisoning was 51.8% (4 343/8 385) in toddlers, 16.5% (1 380/8 385) in adolescents, 14.8% (1 242/8 385) in preschoolers, 14.4% (1 206/8 385) in school-age children, and 2.5% (214/8 385) in newborns and infants. Drug poisoning accounted for 43.5% (3 649/8 385) and pesticide accounted for 26.8% (2 249/8 385). Drug poisoning was more common in adolescents (684/1 380, 49.6%) and toddlers (2 041/4 343, 47.0%); non-drug poisoning was more common in school-age children (891/1 206, 73.9%), of which carbon monoxide was mainly in newborns and infants (41/214, 19.2%) and food poisoning in children of school age (241/1 206, 20.0%). Regarding regional characteristics, drug poisoning was more frequent in South China (188/246, 64.2%) and non-drug poisoning was more frequent in Southwest China (815/1 123, 72.5%). For drugs, anti-epileptic drugs, sedative-hypnotic drugs and anti-Parkinson's disease drugs had a higher proportion of poisoning in North China (138/1 034, 13.0%) than that in other regions. For non-drug poisoning, pesticides (375/1 123, 33.3%), food poisoning (209/1 123, 18.6%) and contact with poisonous animals (86/1 123, 7.7%) were more common in Southwest China than in other regions; carbon monoxide poisoning was more common in North China (81/1 034, 7.6%) and Northwest China (65/1 064, 6.3%). In Central China, poisoning happened more in toddlers (792/1 295, 61.2%) and less in adolescents (115/1 295, 8.8%) than in other regions. Regarding different age groups, poisoning in adolescent happened more in Northeast China (121/457, 26.5%), North China (240/1 034, 23.2%), and Northwest China (245/1 064, 23.0%). The rate of discharge under medical advice, discharge without medical advice, and mortality rate within the 5 years were 77.0% (6 458/8 385), 20.8% (1 743/8 385), 0.5% (40/8 385), respectively. Conclusions: Poisoning is more common in male and toddlers. Poisonous substances show a regional characteristic and vary in different age groups, with drugs and insecticides as the most common substances.

Systemic sclerosis-rheumatoid arthritis overlap syndrome complicated with Sweet's syndrome.

Herein, we report a case of a 34-year-old woman with systemic sclerosis (SSc)-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) overlap syndrome (OS) complicated with Sweet's syndrome. OS has been defined as entities satisfying classification criteria of at least two connective tissue diseases (CTD) occurring at the same or at different times in the same patient. The CTD include RA, SSc, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), polymyositis, and dermatomyositis. Sweet's syndrome also known as acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis was first described by Robert Sweet in 1964. Sweet's syndrome is characterized by fever, neutrophilia, erythematous skin lesions, and a diffuse dermal infiltrate of mature neutrophils. There are sets of associations that we will discuss in this article between OS and Sweet's syndrome.

[Clinicopathological features of acantholytic mammary Paget's disease: a report of 28 cases].

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features of acantholytic mammary Paget's disease (AMPD). Methods: From January, 2010 to October, 2016, a total of 28 patients were diagnosed as AMPD in the Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The clinical and histopathological data of these patients were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The patients were all female. The mean age of onset was (51±15)years (range, 24 to 78 years). The median course of disease was 10.5 months (range, 3 months to 2 years). All the cases were unilaterally involved. The ratio of left breast involvement to the right breast involvement was 1.55∶1. In histopathological examination, all the cases showed acantholytic pattern. In addition to that, the prototypical pattern accounted for 50.0% (14/28) of all the AMPD cases. The frequencies of other different accompanied histopathological patterns were: 3 (10.7%) upper nest, 2 (7.1%) budding, 1 (3.6%) tall nest, and 1 (3.6%) sheet-like. Hailey-Hailey-disease-like acantholysis was observed in 18 patients (64.3%), whereas pemphigus-vulgaris-like acantholysis was noted in 7 patients (25.0%) and Darier's-disease-like acantholysis in 3 patients (10.7%). About 75.0% (21/28) of the AMPD cases were found to be accompanied with underlying breast cancers. There was no recurrence in 18 of 20 patients who completed treatment and were followed up for over 1 year. Conclusions: AMPD might involve the left breast more frequently. It is mostly associated with the prototypical pattern of mammary Paget's disease. Hailey-Hailey-disease-like acantholysis may be the most frequent subtype of AMPD. Most AMPD cases are associated with underlying breast cancers, but with a low recurrence rate after treatment.

[Clinicopathological study of 56 cases of extramammary Paget's disease with or without acantholysis].

Objective: To identify the clinicopathological features of extramammary Paget's disease(EMPD) and investigate the clinical and histopathological significance of acantholysis in EMPD. Methods: From June, 2010 to October, 2016, a total of 56 patients were diagnosed as EMPD in the Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Clinical and histopathological data were retrieved from these patients' medical records and analyzed respectively. The cases were divided into two subgroups according to the histopathological pattern (with or without acantholysis): the acantholytic EMPD (AEMPD) group and the non-acantholytic EMPD (N-AEMPD) group. The clinicopathological data were compared and statistically analyzed between the two groups. Results: The AEMPD group included 22 cases (39.3%), while the N-AEMPD group included 34 cases (60.7%). The male: female ratio, the age of onset, and the median duration of the disease were 10∶1 vs 10.3∶1, (64±8)vs (64±10)years, and 42(4-240)months vs 48(3-120) months in the AEMPD and N-AEMPD groups, respectively, with no significant difference (all P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the severe dermal inflammation (27.3% vs 17.6%, P=0.600 ) and cytologic anaplasia(13.6% vs17.6%, P=0.979)between the AEMPD and N-AEMPD groups.Adnexal involvement or dermal invasion (72.7%) was significantly more common in cases with AEMPD, compared to cases with N-AEMPD (23.5%, P<0.001). And 17 cases in the AEMPD group (77.3%) were Hailey-Hailey-disease-like subtype. The recurrence rate after surgical management (29 cases) showed no significant difference between the two groups (1/12 vs 4/17, P=0.370). Conclusions: Acantholysis is common in EMPD. It is not associated with sex, the age of onset, and the duration of the disease. Acantholysis may indicate invasive growth of Paget's cells. Its occurrence has no association with severe dermal inflammation or cytologic anaplasia. Hailey-Hailey-disease-like subtype is the most common subtype in AEMPD, requiring careful consideration to avoid misdiagnosis. Postoperative recurrence is not associated with acantholysis in EMPD.

Spectral dependence of spin photocurrent and current-induced spin polarization in an InGaAs/InAlAs two-dimensional electron gas.

The converse effects of spin photocurrent and current induced spin polarization are experimentally demonstrated in a two-dimensional electron gas system with Rashba spin splitting. Their consistency with the strength of the Rashba coupling as measured for the same system from beating of the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations reveals a unified picture for the spin photocurrent, current-induced spin-polarization, and spin-orbit coupling. In addition, the observed spectral inversion of the spin photocurrent indicates a system with dominating structure inversion asymmetry.