Investigation of adsorption performance of calcium oxide particles upon various treatments.

This study describes the improvements of adsorption capacities for raw calcium oxide (CaO) particles subjected to ultrasonication, activation with nitric acid and thermal treatments. The influence of acids and bases on CaO particle surface was assessed with respect to several variables including treatment methods, adsorption contact times, particle size and specific surface area characteristics, concentration and temperature along with various thermodynamic parameters. Structural analyses and physical characteristics of CaO particles were evaluated using FT-IR and SEM methods. SEM micrographs of samples revealed uniform distributions of CaO particles of average diameter 0.5-2.0 µm. The CaO surfaces showed CH3COOH as having the greatest amounts of adsorbate and modeling of the experimental adsorption isotherm data agreed well with the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. Enhancements in adsorption performance of untreated CaO particles were noted with the ultrasonication, activation with HNO3 and thermal treatment processes. The Langmuir-type adsorption demonstrated that single layer adsorption capacities of adsorbate CH3COOH at 25 oC on sonicated CaO (386.6 mg/g), with nitric acid and thermal activation (354.9 and 320.8 mg/g, respectively) were greater than that of the unsonicated CaO (296.3 mg/g) particles. Adsorption spontaneities of the processes were confirmed by the decreases in adsorption free energy values, ΔGads0, changing from -16.1 to -17.1 kJ mol-1 with temperature range 283-338 K.

Synthesis, characterization, in vitro cytotoxicity and antimicrobial investigation and evaluation of physicochemical properties of novel 4-(2-methylacetamide)benzenesulfonamide derivatives.

In this study, several sulfonamide derivatives, 4-(2-methylacetylamino)benzenesulfonamides were synthesized. Chemical structures of the derivatives were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, LC-MS-MS, UV-Vis, FTIR, photoluminescence and elemental analysis. Sulfanilamide was reacted with 2-bromopropionyl bromide, in the presence of pyridine, to form bromo-substituted sulfonamide key intermediates, which were subsequently treated with secondary amines to obtain novel sulfonamide derivatives. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial activities and cytotoxicity. Increases in ring size, and rings bearing a nitrogen heteroatom led to improvements in antimicrobial activities. As the presence of CA IX and CA XII enzymes have been implicated in some cancerous tumors, the studies presented herein focuses on targeting these enzymes. It was found that the synthesized derivatives had in vitro anti-cancer properties, where compounds (3-6) were found to be active against all cancerous cells, and no cytotoxic effects on normal cells were observed.

Synthesis of sulfanilamide derivatives and investigation of in vitro inhibitory activities and antimicrobial and physical properties.

Novel sulfanilamide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity as a target for the treatment of glaucoma, and antibacterial properties for use in chemotherapy. Synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and photoluminescence. In vitro inhibitory activities were measured by UV-Vis and some of the compounds were found have greater inhibitory effects than the lead compound sulfanilamide. The correlation between inhibitory activity, biological properties and the physicochemical properties of water solubility and partition coefficients was also investigated. Sulfanilamide derivatives gave intense emissions upon irradiation by UV light and a dimethyl substituted compound and a cyclic analog have photoluminescence quantum yields 42% and 31% and long excited-state lifetimes of 3.92 and 2.91 ns, respectively.

Structure-activity relationships for 1-alkyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indoles at the cannabinoid CB(1) and CB(2) receptors: steric and electronic effects of naphthoyl substituents. New highly selective CB(2) receptor agonists.

In an effort to improve indole-based CB(2) cannabinoid receptor ligands and also to develop SAR for both the CB(1) and CB(2) receptors, 47 indole derivatives were prepared and their CB(1) and CB(2) receptor affinities were determined. The indole derivatives include 1-propyl- and 1-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indoles both with and without a 2-methyl substituent. Naphthoyl substituents include 4- and 7-alkyl groups as well as 2-, 4-, 6-, 7-methoxy and 4-ethoxy groups. The effects of these substituents on receptor affinities are discussed and structure-activity relationships are presented. In the course of this work three new highly selective CB(2) receptor agonists were identified, 1-propyl-3-(4-methyl-1-naphthoylindole (JWH-120), 1-propyl-2-methyl-3-(6-methoxy-1-naphthoylindole (JWH-151), and 1-pentyl-3-(2-methoxy-1-naphthoylindole (JWH-267). GTPgammaS assays indicated that JWH-151 is a full agonist at CB(2), while JWH-120 and JWH-267 are partial agonists. Molecular modeling and receptor docking studies were carried out on a set of 3-(4-propyl-1-naphthoyl)indoles, a set of 3-(6-methoxy-1-naphthoyl)indoles and the pair of N-pentyl-3-(2-methoxy-1-naphthoyl)indoles. Docking studies indicated that the CB(1) receptor affinities of these compounds were consistent with their aromatic stacking interactions in the aromatic microdomain of the CB(1) receptor.