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This investigation delves into the adsorption characteristics of CO, NO, NO2, NH3, and O2 on two-dimensional (2D) Janus group-III materials, specifically Al2XY and B2XY. The examination covers adsorption energies and heights, diverse adsorption sites, and molecular orientations. Employing first-principles analysis, a comprehensive assessment of structural, electronic, and optical properties is conducted. The findings highlight NO2 as a prominent adsorbate, emphasizing the Te surface of 2D Al2STe and B2STe materials as particularly adept for NO2 detection, based on considerations of adsorption energy, height, and charge transfer. Additionally, the study underscores the heightened sensitivity of work function changes in the B2STe material. The adsorption properties of all gas molecules, except for NO2, on both materials were determined to be physical. Upon adsorption of the NO2 gas molecule onto the B2STe Janus material, it was observed that the material exhibited weak chemical adsorption behavior, which was confirmed by the adsorption energy, larger band gap change, electron localization function, work function changes and charge transfer from the material. This research provides valuable insights into the gas-sensing potential of 2D Janus materials.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the relationship between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the clinical characteristics of the acute allergic reaction patients diagnosed in an emergency clinic. Methods: The medical records of the patients with a diagnosis of acute allergic reactions that were presented to Dicle University Medical Faculty Hospital Emergency Department, Diyarbakır, Turkey, between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2014 were included in the study. The age, gender, NLR, white blood count, eosinophil, mean platelet volume (MPV), glucose, and the platelet count of all the participants were recorded. The study included 100 allergy patients and 100 healthy control group subjects. The demographic and the clinical characteristics of the groups were compared using statistical analyses. Results: The mean age, gender, lymphocyte count, eosinophil count, platelet count, and MPV were similar in the two groups (p > 0.05 for all). The mean NLR values of the allergy and the control group were 4.36 and 2.12, respectively (p = 0.008). Moreover, the serum glucose levels were significantly higher in the allergy group compared with the control group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The patients with acute allergic reactions had a significantly higher value of NLR. Thus, NLR may be a useful diagnostic indicator of allergic conditions.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the protective effect of wolfberry (WB) against acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. Methods: The rats were divided into four groups with eight rats in each group: the control group, WB group, colitis group and WB + colitis group. Distal colitis was induced in rats by intracolonic instillation of 4% acetic acid. Wolfberry + colitis group received 100 mg/kg of WB extract dissolved in saline through the intraperitoneal route for 7 days. Acute colitis was created on the 8th day, and the rats were sacrificed 48 hours later. Colonic damage was assessed by macroscopic and histological criteria as well as biochemical markers. Results: Mean total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the colitis group compared with the control and WB groups (p < 0.05). The WB + colitis group had significantly lower TAC, TOS, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels compared with the colitis group (p < 0.05). The analyses of the histopathological findings indicated that the colitis group had a significantly higher histopathological damage score than the control group (3.12 ± 0.45, 0 ± 0.00, respectively; p < 0.05). Histopathological damage score was significantly higher in the WB + colitis group than in the control group and statistically significantly lower than the colitis group (1.62 ± 0.44, 0 ± 0.00, respectively; 3.12 ± 0.45, respectively; p < 0.05 for both comparisons). Conclusion: Wolfberry extract is an agent that is effective for preventing acetic acid-induced colitis in rats.
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ABSTRACT Objective: Ethyl alcohol (EA) is a substance that is used commonly worldwide and known to have toxic effects on the liver. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of montelukast sodium (MK) on acute hepatopathy induced by a single dose of EA in rats. Methods: The study consisted of four groups each containing eight Wistar albino male rats. The groups were classified as follows: the control group received distilled water; the EA group received 6 g/kg EA diluted with distilled water orally by gavage; the MK group received 30 mg/kg MK orally by gavage; the EA + MK group received, 2 hours after the EA administration, ie 30 mg/kg MK orally by gavage. After 24 hours, all the rats were sacrificed, and their blood and liver tissue samples were taken for biochemical and histopathological examinations. Results: The administration of EA caused a statistically significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels compared with the control group (220.50 ± 66.90 and 92.38 ± 5.90 versus 84.88 ± 15.66 and 43.75 ± 10.22). The administration of EA + MK caused a statistically significant decrease in the AST and ALT levels compared with the EA alone group. Ethyl alcohol administered to the rats caused lesion in the liver including congestions, hydropic degeneration and irregular shaped area caused coagulation necrosis. The histopathological changes seen in the EA group were not detected in the EA + MK group. Conclusion: Consequently, these data suggested that MK had beneficial effects in alleviating EA-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
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PURPOSE: To explore the effect of admission physical examination findings, anamnesis, and computed tomography on dural penetration and prognosis in patients with cranial gunshot wound (CGW). METHODS: In this study, the medical data of 56 subjects who were admitted to the Emergency Department of Dicle University Hospital with CGWs between January 2011 and December 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. The effects of type of incident (suicidal vs non-suicidal), pupil diameter and light reflex, hemodynamic status, type (bullet or pellet), velocity, trajectory of foreign material, trauma scores, and imaging findings on dural penetration and mortality were explored. RESULTS: The mean age of the study population was 24.8 ± 13.50 years. Thirty (53.6 %) patients had penetrating injuries and 26 (46.4 %) had non-penetrating injuries; 9 (16.1 %) patients died and 47 (83.9 %) survived. Suicidal injury, pupil diameter and light reflex, bullet as foreign material, and high velocity and lateral trajectory of foreign material significantly affected dural penetration and mortality (p < 0.05). In addition, dural penetration, bilobar, multilobar, or bihemispheric involvement of brain parenchyma, presence of intracranial hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, ventricular hemorrhage, fracture, shift, edema, and trauma scores significantly affected mortality (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In CGWs, dural penetration and prognosis can be predicted by physical examination findings and patient characteristics on initial admission.
