Eating behaviors, depression, and anxiety levels of pre bariatric surgery patients with obesity comorbid with or without Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder: ADHD or Major Depression? Which is more related with eating behaviors?

OBJECTIVE: A high rate of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been reported in patients undergoing obesity treatment. It is controversial whether ADHD solely or its comorbid disorders account for eating behaviors associated with obesity. METHODS: After presurgery psychiatric assessment, 100 severely obese patients (50 with ADHD and 50 without ADHD) were administered Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale(ASRS), Wender Utah Rating Scale(WURS), Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire(TFEQ), and Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI). RESULTS: Patients with obesity and ADHD had significantly greater emotional eating, susceptibility to hunger, depression, and anxiety but less restraint of eating scores than those without ADHD. Disinhibition of eating scores and presence of Binge Eating Disorder(BED) did not differ significantly between ADHD and non-ADHD groups. Obese patients with major depression had significantly higher ASRS, WURS, TFEQ, BAI scores, disinhibition of eating control, emotional eating, susceptibility to hunger, and diagnosis of BED than nondepressed ones. CONCLUSIONS: Major depression and anxiety disorder have associations with disinhibition of eating control, emotional eating, susceptibility to hunger and BED, ADHD. Disinhibition of eating and BED did not differ according to the presence of ADHD; thus, depression was associated with eating control on more constructs than ADHD in our study.

Impulsivity, Unplanned Pregnancies, and Contraception Among Women with Bipolar Disorder.

BACKGROUND: Impulsivity is one of the principal symptoms of bipolar and related disorders (BD). Unsafe sex and unplanned pregnancies are serious problems in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to investigate impulsivity levels, contraception methods, and levels of planned pregnancies among women with bipolar and related disorders (WBD). METHODS: Fifty-eight euthymic women with BD (bipolar disorder type I, II, or other) were matched by education levels with a control group of 59 healthy women. Data about their demographic, clinical-Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and Young Mania Rating Scale scores-and reproductive health features were obtained and compared between the groups. RESULTS: No difference was found regarding BIS-11 (total, nonplanning, motor, and attentional subscales) scores between the WBD and control groups. The overall rate of contraception use was higher in WBD (96.6%), but they generally preferred "traditional" methods (i.e., withdrawal and calendar). The total rate of unplanned pregnancies in WBD was 49.52%. Rate of unplanned pregnancies in WBD was significantly different from women without bipolar disorder (49.52% vs 15.04%). DISCUSSION: Levels of impulsivity in euthymic WBD under treatment were similar to those of healthy women in the control sample. WBD paid attention to contraception although they usually used traditional methods. The findings indicate that most WBD use contraception, yet the contraception is potentially ineffective especially if WBD have more unplanned pregnancies. The provision of an effective contraception method in WBD is suggested for all clinicians, in order to prevent sexually transmitted diseases and unplanned pregnancies, and thus protect the health of both mother and fetus.

[Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy on a Patient with Schizophrenia and Clinical Effects: A Case Study]. / Sizofreni Olgusunda Göz Hareketleri ile Duyarsizlastirma ve Yeniden Isleme (EMDR) Uygulamasi ve Klinige Etkileri: Olgu Sunumu.

Being exposed to traumatic experiences is rather common in patients with schizophrenia. Adverse experiences may induce the onset of psychotic symptoms or trigger current symptoms to be exacerbated. Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) is an effective therapy in the treatment of incidences with underlying traumatic experiences, there by it can be conducted on various cases in addition to other treatments such as psycho-medication or another therapy method. It was developed by Shapiro in 1980s. Although desensitization is widely applied on patients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, it is unusual for EMDR therapy to be safely and effectively performed in the treatment of psychotic disorder sor symptoms. In the present case study, EMDR treatment process and course of psychiatric state in a patient with history of child hood abuse and forced psychiatric residency will be discussed. The patient who had a diagnosis of schizophrenia for 8 years was treated with antipsychotic treatment as well as 2 sessions of EMDR, and as a result, a positive change was observed in her general clinical course. Our thoughts on this phenomenon are that EMDR treatment is an effective, safe and short-term intervention in the comorbidity of PTSD and psychotic disorders. However, the literature about the place of EMDR in the treatment of schizophrenia cases is rather limited and much more research is needed.