ABSTRACT
The adaptive immune system is responsible for generating immunological response and immunological memory. Regulation of adaptive immunity including B cell and T cell biology was mainly understood from the protein and microRNA perspective. However, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are an emerging class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that influence key factors in lymphocyte biology such as NOTCH, PAX5, MYC and EZH2. LncRNAs were described to modulate lymphocyte activation by regulating pathways such as NFAT, NFκB, MYC, interferon and TCR/BCR signalling (NRON, NKILA, BCALM, GAS5, PVT1), and cell effector functions (IFNG-AS1, TH2-LCR). Here we review lncRNA involvement in adaptive immunity and the implications for autoimmune diseases (multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis) and T/B cell leukaemias and lymphomas (CLL, MCL, DLBCL, T-ALL). It is becoming clear that lncRNAs are important in adaptive immune response and provide new insights into its orchestration.
Subject(s)
Adaptive Immunity/genetics , Disease/genetics , RNA, Long Noncoding/physiology , Animals , Humans , Lymphocyte Activation/genetics , RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics , Signal Transduction/genetics , Signal Transduction/immunology , T-Lymphocytes/physiologyABSTRACT
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has attracted attention as a photosensitizer in the field of photodynamic therapy (PDT) due to its low toxicity and high photostability. In the present work, nitrogen-doped TiO2 (N-TiO2) nanoparticles had their photokilling efficiency evaluated on a murine melanoma cell line (B16-F10) and fibroblasts (NIH 3T3). The N-TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by a modified hydrogen peroxide sol-gel process using triethylamine as nitrogen precursor. XRD measurements showed that all TiO2 and N-TiO2 samples consisted of an anatase crystalline phase and no trace of rutile was detected. N-TiO2 nanoparticles showed higher absorbance in the visible region than pure TiO2. Nanoparticle dosage increase from 0.1 mg/ml to 0.5 mg/ml played a role in cell viability, causing high cytotoxicity in melanoma and fibroblast cells. The cytotoxic potential of N-TiO2 on cells was analyzed using visible light, UV-A irradiation and dark conditions. All samples were cytotoxic in a PDT test, and N-TiO2 caused 93% death in melanoma cells under UV irradiation treatment at 0.5 mg/ml. Gene expression analysis of this sample showed, under ultraviolet photoexcitation, an increase of pro-apoptotic BAX gene expression, suggesting cell death by apoptosis.
Subject(s)
Melanoma/drug therapy , Nanoparticles/therapeutic use , Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy , Titanium/therapeutic use , Animals , Catalysis , Light , Mice , NitrogenABSTRACT
Objetivo: Objetivou-se desenvolver uma intervenção educativa em saúde para comunidades quilombolas, visando à orientação sobre o risco genético de gerarem filhos com anemia falciforme (AF), as manifestações orais da doença, noções gerais de autocuidado e aconselhamento genético. Métodos: A amostra pré-intervenção foi de 267 indivíduos, destes, 230 participaram da etapa pós-intervenção. Aplicou-se um questionário pré e pós-intervenção e a distribuição de frequência foi calculada usando o teste Qui-Quadrado, com nível de significância de p < 0,05. Resultados: Pré-intervenção, 72,3% dos entrevistados desconheciam sobre traço e AF e 94,8% não sabiam a forma de transmissão; pós-intervenção, este último índice diminuiu para 32,6%, 60% relataram já ter ouvido falar sobre o tema e 36,1% alegaram conhecer o assunto. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se a efetividade positiva da intervenção e a importância de um programa permanente de educação em saúde e aconselhamento genético ser oferecido para comunidades quilombolas. .
