[2 types of lateral inhibition in frog retinas]. / Dva vida lateral 'nogo tormozheniia v setchatke liagushki.

The influence of different pharmacological agents on the inhibition in the frog retina was investigated by means of recording ERG from the inner plexiform layer. Two different types of lateral inhibition were distinguished: "near", sensitive to picrotoxin, and "distant", sensitive-strychnine. The "distant" inhibition appears to be the familiar lateral inhibition transmitted by propagating spikes. The "near" picrotoxin-sensitive lateral inhibition does not depend on propagating spikes. Localization of two types of lateral inhibition in the plexiform layers is discussed.

[Model studies of lateral inhibition as a mechanism of detecting motion. II. Modeling feedback inhibition]. / Model'nye issledovaniia lateral'nogo tormozheniia kak mekhanizma detektsii dvizheniia. II. Modelirovanie vozvratnogo tormozheniia.

A program is worked out which imitates non-stationary lateral inhibition in two-dimensional retina with physiologically real characteristics. Experiments with moving and flashing stimuli of different size are carried out. It is shown that lateral inhibition may serve as a mechanism which forms selective sensitivity of the elements involved to the movement of the stimuli. Recurrent inhibition proves to be more effective than the direct one providing that a longer delay in time exists. The results obtained are explained by the peculiarities of recurrent inhibition as the feedback system.

[Torsion movements of the human eye. III. Rapid phase of torsion]. / Issledovanie torzionnykh dvizhenii glaz cheloveka. III. Bystraia faza torzii.

Kinematic characteristics of torsional saccades and their peculiarities were investigated. The torsional saccades were found to occur simultaniously in both eyes and had the same size and duration. It was shown that the peak velocity and the duration of the saccades depend on their amplitudes. The number of the saccades decreased and their sizes increased when the head tilts were faster. In the case intervals between the saccades decreased up to 20-30 ms. The likeness of the torsional movements and rotatory nistagmus was discussed.

[Torsional movements of the human eye. II. Slow phase of torsion]. / Issledovanie torzionnykh dvizhenii glaz cheloveka. II. Medlennaia faza torzii

At different experimental conditions quantitative characteristics of the slow phase of the torsional eye movements were investigated. We found the torsional drift to increase when the head tilted faster and its velocity was bigger in the dark than in the light. Asymmetry of the drift velocity was found on moving the head to and backward. It was shown that the sign of the asymmetry did not depend on rotatory movements of the cup (the suction device for eye movement registration). At the same time electric stimulation of the labyrinth changed the sign of asymmetry and without head tilting led to the torsional eye movements (nistagmus). Some subjects were able to decline the number of the torsional saccades at will, and as a result the eye made a drift up to tens of degrees long. Possible causes of imperfect vestibular and optokinetic compensation in the eye trosion were discussed.

[Histochemical studies of the sensitivity of frog retinal cells to stimulus movement and flashes]. / Gistokhimicheskie issledovaniia chuvstvitel'nosti kletok setchatki liagushki k dvizheniiu stimulov i k mel'kaniiam

The technique of quantitative UV-cytophotometry of RNA was used for comparative study of the sensitivity of frog retina cells to the movement of stimuli and flashings. A corresponding set of stimulators which includes the movement of mounted stimuli and heterogenous flashings of diffuse light showed that a type of cells exists in the interior nuclear layer of the retina which is specifically sensitive to the movement. It is suggested that in the formation of this property a dynamic reciprocal lateral inhibition on the level between bipolar and amacrine cells takes place. Application of heterogenous flashing light allowed also to reveal functional variety of bipolar cells.

[Torsional movements of the human eye. I. Torsional movements on inclining the head towards the shoulder]. / Issledovanie torzionnykh dvizhenii glaz cheloveka. I. Nekotorye osobennosti torzionnykh dvizhenii pri naklone golovy k plechu

The characteristics of the torsional eye movements during head tilting were investigated. Different conditions were used in the experiments. The subjects were in sitting and lying positions in the light and in the dark. A new method of recording with the suction device of Yarbus and the simple optical system allowed to have records without some redundant components of movement. This made record processing less complex and more accurate. The torsional drift in the slow phase of the eye movement was found present under any conditions. When being recorded simultaneously both eyes in man were in identical and synchronous movement.