Response of patients with complex forms of PTSD to highly intensive trauma treatment: A clinical cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: Although highly intensive trauma treatment programs show promising results in the treatment of patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), it remains uncertain if patients with complex forms of PTSD can benefit equally from these intensive programs. To investigate whether patients with the dissociative subtype of PTSD (PTSD + DS) and patients with probable complex PTSD (CPTSD) draw equal benefits from a highly intensive trauma treatment program as patients with PTSD. METHOD: In this clinical cohort study, patients were included who attended a 5-day intensive program consisting of eye movement desensitisation reprocessing, exposure in vivo and trauma-sensitive yoga components. PTSD with DS was assessed with the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (CAPS-5), and a provisional diagnosis of CPTSD was assessed with the International Trauma Questionnaire. Primary outcome measure was self-reported PTSD-symptom severity measured by PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 at the start of the program (T1) and a week after the program (T2). RESULTS: Both groups, PTSD + DS (d = 0.85) and probable CPTSD (d = 0.85) benefitted significantly in terms of PTSD-symptom severity reduction and the size of the decrease was not significantly different from that of patients with PTSD. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with both forms of PTSD complexity can benefit even from a very brief intensive treatment program, which extends previous studies. The diagnoses of PTSD + DS and CPTSD seem helpful to assess the initial severity of the symptoms, but do not imply contra-indications to benefit from intensive treatment. Highly intensive treatment programs are promising interventions to effectively treat complex forms of PTSD and should be studied further in randomized clinical trials. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

A five-day inpatient EMDR treatment programme for PTSD: pilot study.

Background: Trauma-focused psychotherapies for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been demonstrated to be efficacious, but also have considerable non-response and dropout rates. Intensive treatment may lead to faster symptom reduction, which may contribute to treatment motivation and thereby to reduction of dropout. Objective: The aim of the current study was to investigate the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of an intensive five-day inpatient treatment with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and trauma-informed yoga for patients with PTSD. Method: A non-controlled pilot study with 12 adult patients with PTSD was conducted. At baseline the PTSD diagnosis was assessed with the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5) and comorbid disorders with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Primary outcome was self-reported PTSD symptom severity (PTSD Check List for DSM-5; PCL-5) measured at the beginning of day 1 (T1), at the end of day 5 (T2) and at follow-up on day 21 (T3). Reliable change indexes (RCI) and clinically significant changes were calculated. Results: From T1 to T3, PTSD symptoms significantly improved with a large effect size (Cohen's d = 0.91). Nine of the 11 patients who completed treatment showed reliable changes in terms of self-reported PTSD. At T3, two of the patients no longer met criteria for PTSD as measured with the PCL-5. One patient dropped out after the first day. No serious adverse events occurred. Conclusions: The majority of patients in our pilot study experienced symptom reduction consistent with reliable changes in this five-day inpatient treatment with EMDR and yoga. Randomized controlled trials - with longer follow up periods - are needed to properly determine efficacy and efficiency of intensive clinical treatments for PTSD compared to regular treatment. This is one of the first studies to show that intensive EMDR treatment is feasible and is indicative of reliable improvement in PTSD symptoms in a very short time frame.

Planteamiento: Se ha demostrado que las psicoterapias centradas en el trauma para el TEPT son eficaces, pero también tienen tasas considerables de falta de respuesta y abandono. El tratamiento intensivo puede llevar a una reducción más rápida de los síntomas, lo que puede contribuir a la motivación para el tratamiento y, por lo tanto, a la reducción del abandono. Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar la viabilidad y eficacia preliminar de un tratamiento intensivo de 5 días para pacientes hospitalizados con Desensibilización y Reprocesamiento por Movimientos Oculares (EMDR) y yoga basado en el trauma para pacientes con TEPT. Método: Se realizó un estudio piloto no controlado con 12 pacientes adultos con TEPT. Al inicio del estudio, se evaluó el diagnóstico de TEPT con el CAPS-5 y los trastornos comórbidos con el MINI. El resultado principal fue la gravedad de los síntomas de PTSD por medio de autoinforme (PCL-5) medida al comienzo del día 1 (T1), al final del día 5 (T2) y en el seguimiento el día 21 (T3). Se calcularon los índices de cambio fiable (RCI, por sus siglas en inglés) y los cambios clínicamente significativos. Resultados: De T1 a T3, los síntomas de TEPT mejoraron significativamente con un tamaño de efecto grande (d de Cohen = 0,91) y 9 de los 11 pacientes que completaron el tratamiento mostraron cambios fiables en términos de auto-informes de TEPT. En T3, dos de los pacientes ya no cumplían los criterios para el trastorno de estrés postraumático medido con el PCL-5. Un paciente se retiró después del primer día. No se produjeron eventos adversos graves. Conclusiones: la mayoría de los pacientes en nuestro estudio piloto experimentaron una reducción de síntomas consistente con cambios fiables en este tratamiento de 5 días con EMDR y yoga. Se necesitan ensayos controlados aleatorios, con períodos de seguimiento más largos, para determinar adecuadamente la eficacia y la eficiencia de los tratamientos clínicos intensivos para el TEPT en comparación con el tratamiento habitual. Este es uno de los primeros estudios que demuestra que el tratamiento intensivo con EMDR es factible y es indicativo de una mejora fiable en los síntomas de TEPT después de un período de tiempo muy corto.