ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Preterm birth is considered as a risk factor for developmental disabilities, which can lead to long-term effects on the nervous system of children. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of multi-sensory stimulation on neurodevelopment of premature infants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this two-group double-blind clinical trial in Jahrom Hospital, Jahrom, Iran from Jun to Aug 2016, 80 preterm infants were randomly divided. The intervention group received multisensory stimulation for 12 min per session, 5 sessions per wk along with routine NICU care and the control group received ward's routine care. Neuromuscular maturity for each infant was assessed by New Ballard Score. Data were analyzed using independent t-test. RESULTS: Based on ANOVA with repeated measures, New Ballard score significantly changed in the intervention group before and after intervention (P= 0.001). This change was also significant in the control group (P=0. 04). However, the changes in New Ballard score were significantly different before and after intervention between the two groups (P=0.001). CONCLUSION: Multi-sensory stimulation can have beneficial effects on the development of neuromuscular in premature infants.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness and advantages of ultra-mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (UM-PCNL) versus standard PCNL (S-PCNL), as one of the most important differences between the various PCNL techniques is the size of the renal access, which contributes to the broad spectrum of complications and outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This clinical randomised trial was conducted in 2016. In all, 70 patients with renal or upper ureteric stones of 10-20â¯mm in diameter, who were candidates for PCNL, were divided equally into two groups. Group A, underwent UM-PCNL using a 9.8-F ureteroscope through a 16-F sheath; and Group B, underwent S-PCNL using a 24-F nephroscope through a 30-F sheath. The stones were fragmented by pneumatic lithotripsy. Any perioperative complications and need for analgesia were recorded, and postoperative pain was assessed in both groups using a visual analogue scale (VAS). RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in postoperative haemoglobin values, haemoglobin drop, transfusion rate, duration of hospitalisation and postoperative VAS pain score between the groups (Pâ¯<â¯0.05). There were no significant differences in operation time, need for auxiliary procedures or stone-free rate. CONCLUSION: A minimally invasive UM-PCNL using a 9.8-F ureteroscope can play an important role in the treatment of symptomatic renal and upper ureteric stones of <20â¯mm in diameter with lesser blood loss, duration of hospitalisation, need of transfusion, and postoperative pain compared with S-PCNL.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Eye examination as one of the painful procedures for retinopathy of prematurity screening can cause some pain-related physiological and behavioral changes in preterm infants. Multisensory stimulation is an analgesic non-pharmacological method that has analgesic effects on infants during painful procedures. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the effect of multisensory stimulation on induced pain during eye examination for retinopathy of prematurity screening in preterm infants. METHODS: In this double-blind clinical trial, 80 preterm infants were randomly divided into two groups. In the intervention group, multisensory stimulation program was performed for 15 minutes before the beginning of examination while the control group received the routine care. Pain score for each infant was recorded by premature infant pain profile. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, and ANOVA with repeated measures by SPSS software (version 16). RESULTS: The mean gestational age was 30.4 ± 1.7 weeks in the multisensory stimulation group and 30.6 ± 1.8 weeks in the control group. Based on ANOVA with repeated measures, the pain score was significantly different between two groups during the assessment process (P < 0.001). The changes in pain severity during the examination were also significant between the two groups (P < 0.001); so that the pain was more intensive in the control group than the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS: Multisensory stimulation program as a safe and easy method can reduce pain in neonates and may be used as a way to reduce pain during eye examination in infants.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Nausea and vomiting are one of the most common complications of cesarean sections under spinal anesthesia. Recently, the use of drugs to treat nausea and vomiting has decreased, and nonpharmaceutical and alternative traditional medicine are often preferred. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the effect of ginger extract on the incidence and severity of nausea and vomiting after cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. METHODS: In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 92 pregnant women, each of whom underwent a cesarean section under spinal anesthesia, were divided in two groups: a control group and an intervention group. The intervention group received 25 drops of ginger extract in 30 cc of water, and the control group received 30 cc of water one hour before surgery. The incidence and severity of nausea and vomiting were assessed during the surgery and two and four hours after the surgery using a self-report scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and statistical tests. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of maternal age, duration of fasting, duration of surgery, and confounding factors (P > 0.05). According to an independent t-test, there was a significant relationship between the two groups in terms of the incidence and mean severity score of nausea and vomiting during the cesarean section (P < 0.05). However, no statistically significant relationship was found between the two groups in terms of the incidence and mean severity score of nausea and vomiting two and four hours after surgery (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study showed that ginger extract can be used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.
