ABSTRACT
The pattern of glomerular diseases has been reported previously with contradictory results. Our primary objective is to assess the relative frequencies of glomerular disease in adult Jordanians and compare it with other institutes. A secondary objective is to assess the contribution of environmental factors, in an industrial city Zarqa, to kidney disease patterns. Methods. A retrospective study was conducted at a referral hospital center in the central region of Jordan. Assessment of native kidney biopsies, pathological reports, and the patients' characteristics were obtained from electronic medical records. Results. Our study assessed a total of 178 biopsies, of which 106 patients were included achieving the age criterion for adults. The mean age of our patient was 34 ± 12.7. The number of females (53.7%) was slightly more than males (46.3%). The average creatinine at presentation was 198 umol/L. Almost half of the patients had mild renal impairment (50.9%), while the remaining were divided between moderate (26.1%) and severe (27.3%). The indications of kidney biopsy were proteinuria (11.3%), proteinuria (54.7%), and unexplained renal impairment (34%). The leading common glomerular diseases were represented as a group with a relative frequency ranging between 11% and 13%. Both IgA nephropathy (13.2%) and lupus nephritis (12.2%) were the top conditions causing the nephritic syndrome, while focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (12.2%) and minimal change disease (11.3%) were the conditions leading to nephrotic syndrome. Our secondary analysis showed nonstatistically significantly higher glomerular filtration rates in the city of Zarqa, when compared to Amman (median 94 and 54, respectively, U = 469.5, r = 0.08, p = 0.491). Additionally, Zarqa had higher frequency rates of interstitial/tubular nephritis (χ 2(1) = 1.17, p = 0.279, Cramér's V = 0.13. Conclusion. Common glomerular diseases, as reported internationally, were common among Jordanian adults.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: COPD and coronary artery disease (CAD) are common chronic diseases with shared risk factors. COPD continues to be largely underdiagnosed and undertreated. We aimed to describe the prevalence and predictors of undiagnosed COPD in Jordanian men with CAD. Patients and methods: In a cross-sectional study conducted at a referral center in Jordan, male patients who underwent coronary angiography for suspected CAD and reported ≥10 pack-year of cigarette smoking were recruited. Pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry was undertaken for all participants, and COPD was defined as post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC <70%. The finding of ≥50% coronary luminal narrowing confirmed the presence of CAD. Results: Spirometry was undertaken for 376 men with mean age of 56.02±10.55 years, and 72.6% were active cigarettes smokers with a mean pack-year of 55.89±34.25. A CAD diagnosis was confirmed in 300 (79.8%) men. Spirometric criteria for COPD were met in 76 (15.7%) patients, of whom 91.5% were not previously diagnosed. COPD-related symptoms were common: chronic cough (44.4%), dyspnea (66.2%), and wheezes (27.9%). COPD was more common in patients with (18.0%) compared to patients without (6.6%) CAD (P=0.014). Multivariate logistic regression showed that the risk of COPD was higher in patients with CAD (OR 3.16, 95% CI, 1.10-9.09, P=0.033) and in those with chronic bronchitis (OR 13.07, 95% CI, 6.69-25.52, P<0.001). Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of COPD among male patients with CAD and most were underdiagnosed despite having respiratory symptoms. Male smokers with CAD and respiratory symptoms should be evaluated for airflow limitation and the presence of COPD.
