Fabrication of capsaicin functionalized reduced graphene oxide and its effect on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts.

Herein, we report a new simple and biological approach for the preparation of capsaicin adsorbed reduced graphene oxide (RGO), where capsaicin acts as a stabilizing and deoxygenating agent. The capsaicin that is decorated on graphene surface plays an important role as a capping agent to avoid the aggregation of graphene sheets. The capsaicin functionalized RGO stimulated the differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts to a larger extent, which is a significant feature for the use of biomaterials in biomedical application such as in bone tissue engineering, more speciafically in the case of diseases such as osteoporosis.

Detection of Significant Pneumococcal Meningitis Biomarkers by Ego Network.

OBJECTIVE: To identify significant biomarkers for detection of pneumococcal meningitis based on ego network. METHODS: Based on the gene expression data of pneumococcal meningitis and global protein-protein interactions (PPIs) data recruited from open access databases, the authors constructed a differential co-expression network (DCN) to identify pneumococcal meningitis biomarkers in a network view. Here EgoNet algorithm was employed to screen the significant ego networks that could accurately distinguish pneumococcal meningitis from healthy controls, by sequentially seeking ego genes, searching candidate ego networks, refinement of candidate ego networks and significance analysis to identify ego networks. Finally, the functional inference of the ego networks was performed to identify significant pathways for pneumococcal meningitis. RESULTS: By differential co-expression analysis, the authors constructed the DCN that covered 1809 genes and 3689 interactions. From the DCN, a total of 90 ego genes were identified. Starting from these ego genes, three significant ego networks (Module 19, Module 70 and Module 71) that could predict clinical outcomes for pneumococcal meningitis were identified by EgoNet algorithm, and the corresponding ego genes were GMNN, MAD2L1 and TPX2, respectively. Pathway analysis showed that these three ego networks were related to CDT1 association with the CDC6:ORC:origin complex, inactivation of APC/C via direct inhibition of the APC/C complex pathway, and DNA strand elongation, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The authors successfully screened three significant ego modules which could accurately predict the clinical outcomes for pneumococcal meningitis and might play important roles in host response to pathogen infection in pneumococcal meningitis.