ABSTRACT
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) represents the final stage of prostate cancer (PCa). Cabazitaxel, a taxane chemotherapy drug, is used in treating CRPC. However, patients with CRPC eventually develop resistance to cabazitaxel, and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate potential genetic alterations that may play a role in CRPC resistance to cabazitaxel. Using microarray data from the GSE158494 dataset, we identified ten critical genes (CXCL8, ITGB8, CLIP4, MAP1B, WIPI1, MMP13, CXCL1, C1S, GOLGA8B, and CXCL6) associated with CRPC cell resistance to cabazitaxel. The potential function of these key genes in PCa progression was analyzed using different databases, including Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and Chinese Prostate Cancer Genome and Epigenome Atlas (CPGEA). Our findings revealed altered expression of these genes in the development of PCa. Furthermore, CXCL1 and GOLGA8B were found to influence the disease-free survival (DFS) status of patients with PCa, with GOLGA8B affecting the overall prognosis in patients with PCa. Additionally, GOLGA8B expression was associated with the infiltration of various immune cells in PCa, and it was upregulated in clinical PCa and CRPC samples. Through CCK-8 assays, we established that GOLGA8B could influence the sensitivity of CRPC cells to cabazitaxel and docetaxel. In conclusion, we identified GOLGA8B as a crucial gene that influences PCa progression and contributes to CRPC resistance to cabazitaxel.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Population-based analysis for the short-term non-bladder cancer related mortality among patients with non-metastatic bladder cancer is currently lacking. The objective of the current study was to assess and quantify cause of death after bladder cancer diagnosis. METHODS: The custom Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) dataset for standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) was utilized to identify 24,074 patients who were diagnosed with nonmetastatic (M0) bladder cancer from 2014 to 2015. SMRs for causes of death were calculated. Risk factors for bladder cancer-specific mortality, competing mortality, second-cancer mortality, and noncancer mortality were determined using either multivariable Cox or competing risk regression models. RESULTS: Among all the 4179 (17.4%) deaths occurred during the follow-up period, almost half of them (44.2%) were attributed to non-bladder cancer cause, including second non-bladder cancer (10%) and other non-cancer causes (34.2%). The most common noncancer causes of death were heart diseases followed by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Patients had a higher risk of death from second malignancies (SMR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.47-1.74) compared with death from first malignancies in the US general population, and also had higher risks of death from heart diseases (SMR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.18-1.40) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (SMR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.29-1.79) compared with the US general population. Additionally, some risk factors for competing second malignancies or noncancer mortality were determined, such as age, gender, marital status and treatment modalities. CONCLUSIONS: Death from non-bladder cancer cause contributed to almost half of all deaths in bladder cancer survivors during the short-term follow-up period. These findings can inform medical management and assist clinicians in counseling those survivors regarding their short-term health risks.
Subject(s)
Neoplasms, Second Primary/mortality , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/mortality , Adolescent , Adult , Cause of Death , Child , Child, Preschool , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasms, Second Primary/pathology , Neoplasms, Second Primary/therapy , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , SEER Program , Survival Rate , Time Factors , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/therapy , Young AdultABSTRACT
Primary angiosarcoma of the spleen is an extremely rare malignant neoplasm of vascular origin that often has a poor prognosis. The majority of cases presents with splenic rupture and hemorrhage. The present study retrospectively analyzed the case of 77-year-old female who presented with diffuse abdominal pain and distension. During laparotomy, a huge actively bleeding spleen was identified and a splenectomy was performed. Since an accurate diagnosis could not be achieved by abdominal computed tomography, a pathological examination was performed. The patient and the family refused post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The patient succumbed to uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock and lung metastases at 2 weeks post-surgery.
