Author Correction: Neuroprotectants attenuate hypobaric hypoxia-induced brain injuries in cynomolgus monkeys.

Following the publication of our paper (Zhang et al., 2020), it has come to our attention that we erroneously listed two funding sources unrelated to this study in the "ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS" section. Hereby, we wish to update the "ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS" section as a correction.

Cobalt-Catalyzed Cycloamination: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Polycyclic N-Heterocycles.

The first earth-abundant cobalt-catalyzed cycloamination of indolylquinones and various (hetero)aromatic amine under ligand-free conditions for the synthesis of polycyclic N-heterocycles has been developed. The process allows facile access to polycyclic N-heterocycles with tolerance of chloride, bromide, amino, thio, etc. groups in moderate to high yields (up to 89%). In addition, The photophysical properties of the synthesized products were evaluated. These products exhibit interesting fluorescence properties, which is promising for fluorescent probes.

Chemoselective Hydrosilylation of the α,ß-Site Double Bond in α,ß- and α,ß,γ,δ-Unsaturated Ketones Catalyzed by Macrosteric Borane Promoted by Hexafluoro-2-propanol.

The B(C6F5)3-catalyzed chemoselective hydrosilylation of α,ß- and α,ß,γ,δ-unsaturated ketones into the corresponding non-symmetric ketones in mild reaction conditions is developed. Nearly 55 substrates including those bearing reducible functional groups such as alkynyl, alkenyl, cyano, and aromatic heterocycles are chemoselectively hydrosilylated in good to excellent yields. Isotope-labeling studies revealed that hexafluoro-2-propanol also served as a hydrogen source in the process.

Dehydration in water: frustrated Lewis pairs directly catalyzed allylization of electron-rich arenes and allyl alcohols.

A frustrated Lewis pair (FLP)-catalyzed allylation of allyl alcohols with electron-rich arenes has been developed. Interestingly, in this reaction, the electron-rich arenes and allyl alcohols are dehydrated in water. What's more, water was the sole byproduct of the reaction. In this protocol, various allyl alcohols can be converted into allyl cations and attacked by the electron-rich arenes to form aryl cation intermediates. Finally, the aryl cation intermediates are deprotonated to give the 1,3-diarylpropenes. In this protocol, indole allyl alcohols can undergo a bimolecular ring closure reaction, and structurally diverse tetrahydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazoles could be smoothly obtained. The reaction is not sensitive to oxygen and has been performed on a gram-scale.

Neuroprotectants attenuate hypobaric hypoxia-induced brain injuries in cynomolgus monkeys.

Hypobaric hypoxia (HH) exposure can cause serious brain injury as well as life-threatening cerebral edema in severe cases. Previous studies on the mechanisms of HH-induced brain injury have been conducted primarily using non-primate animal models that are genetically distant to humans, thus hindering the development of disease treatment. Here, we report that cynomolgus monkeys ( Macacafascicularis) exposed to acute HH developed human-like HH syndrome involving severe brain injury and abnormal behavior. Transcriptome profiling of white blood cells and brain tissue from monkeys exposed to increasing altitude revealed the central role of the HIF-1 and other novel signaling pathways, such as the vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling pathway, in co-regulating HH-induced inflammation processes. We also observed profound transcriptomic alterations in brains after exposure to acute HH, including the activation of angiogenesis and impairment of aerobic respiration and protein folding processes, which likely underlie the pathological effects of HH-induced brain injury. Administration of progesterone (PROG) and steroid neuroprotectant 5α-androst-3ß,5,6ß-triol (TRIOL) significantly attenuated brain injuries and rescued the transcriptomic changes induced by acute HH. Functional investigation of the affected genes suggested that these two neuroprotectants protect the brain by targeting different pathways, with PROG enhancing erythropoiesis and TRIOL suppressing glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. Thus, this study advances our understanding of the pathology induced by acute HH and provides potential compounds for the development of neuroprotectant drugs for therapeutic treatment.

[Adaptive EEMD residue related baseline correction algorithm].

Baseline correction is an important part of spectral analysis; the existing algorithms usually need to set the key parameters and does not have adaptability. The spectral baseline is fitted by the residue according to the feature of ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD for short). The correlation between residual and original signal, the self-correlation and the cross-correlation of residual form the residual related rule. The residual related rule is proposed to judge whether the residual is a component of baseline, based on which adaptive EEMD residual related base line algorithm is proposed. With experiment on the simulated spectrum data of superimposing curve background and the linear background, the results showed that in the case of known baseline mathematical assumption: EEMD residual related method is not so good for polynomial fitting, it is almost no difference from linear fitting, but is better than the wavelet decomposition. In the absence of spectral background knowledge, the real Raman spectrum data are tested. The model is established between Raman spectra treated by the procedure above and chlorophyll, and the model corrected by EEMD residual related baseline method has the biggest correlation coefficient and prediction coefficient, but the smallest root mean square error of cross validation and relative prediction deviation. The effect of EEMD residual related baseline method effects on the peak position, peak intensity and peak width is the smallest in all kinds of baseline correction methods. EEMD residual method has the best baseline correction effect. Experiments show that this algorithm can be used for Raman spectra baseline correction, without prior knowledge of the sample composition analysis, and there is no need to select appropriate fitting function, fitting data points, fitting order as well as basis function and decomposition levels, also there is no need of mathematical hypothesis of baseline signal distribution, so the adaptability is very strong.