ABSTRACT
Nuclear receptor coactivator 1 (NCOA1) plays crucial roles in the regulation of gene expression mediated by a wide spectrum of steroid receptors such as androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor α (ER α), and estrogen receptor ß (ER ß). Therefore, dysregulations of NCOA1 have been found in a variety of cancer types. However, the clinical relevance and the functional roles of NCOA1 in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are less known. We found in this study that elevated levels of NCOA1 protein and/or mRNA as well as amplification of the NCOA1 gene occur in human ESCC. Elevated levels of NCOA1 due to these dysregulations were not only associated with more aggressive clinic-pathologic parameters but also poorer survival. Results from multiple cohorts of ESCC patients strongly suggest that the levels of NCOA1 could serve as an independent predictor of overall survival. In addition, silencing NCOA1 in ESCC cells remarkably decreased proliferation, migration, and invasion. These findings not only indicate that NCOA1 plays important roles in human ESCC but the levels of NCOA1 also could serve as a potential prognostic biomarker of ESCC and targeting NCOA1 could be an efficacious strategy in ESCC treatment.
Subject(s)
Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology , Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma/pathology , Gene Amplification , Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1/genetics , Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1/metabolism , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Movement , Cell Proliferation , Esophageal Neoplasms/genetics , Esophageal Neoplasms/metabolism , Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma/genetics , Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma/metabolism , Female , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Humans , Male , Prognosis , Survival Analysis , Tumor Burden , Up-RegulationABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To screen the fractions from guava leaf to ascertain the effective anti-diarrhea fraction and to establish the method of quality control. METHODS: A series of samples from guava leaf were prepared through extraction and separation by solvents progressively, and their effect on the mice diarrhea models induced by senna decoction were tested individually; and the constituent correlated with the effect of the samples on the models was determined by HPLC. RESULTS: The effect of the fractions with moderate-polar glucosides from guava leaf was better than that of the other fractions; the effect of the fractions with the glucosides was correlated with the content of the quercetin glucosides in the fractions. CONCLUSION: The fractions with the moderate-polar glucosides is the effective anti-diarrhea fraction of guava leaf; determination of the quercetin glucosides can be used for quality control of guava leaf and its extracts.
Subject(s)
Antidiarrheals/pharmacology , Diarrhea/pathology , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Psidium/chemistry , Quercetin/analysis , Animals , Antidiarrheals/chemistry , Antidiarrheals/isolation & purification , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Diarrhea/chemically induced , Disease Models, Animal , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology , Female , Male , Mice , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Quality Control , Quercetin/chemistryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To develop self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) of Jiaotai Pill active components and its quality control method. METHODS: The solubility of berberine hydrochloride in different auxiliary-materials were investigated, and the self-microemulsion formula was optimized by studying the self-microemulsifying efficiency. The content of berberine hydrochloride and cinnamaldehyde in the preparation were determined by HPLC. RESULTS: The optimal self-microemulsion formula was composed of OP, propanediol, cinnamon oil, and total alkaloid from Rhizoma Coptidis with the ratio of 4:8:3:6. The average size of the microemulsion particle was 15.8 nm; the average content of berberine hydrochloride and cinnamaldehyde in the preparation was above 20.0% and 10.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The acquired microemulsion with small particle size is stable. The determination method of berberine hydrochloride and cinnamaldehyde in the preparation is accurate and reliable.
