The study of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism in Chinese schizophrenic patients.

Accumulating evidence showed that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Recent studies have reported that the Val66Met polymorphism of the BDNF gene may be associated with susceptibility for schizophrenia and age of onset of this disease, with mix results. In the present study, the BDNF Val66Met gene polymorphism was examined in 387 inpatients (259 men and 128 women) meeting the DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia and unrelated 365 healthy controls (255 men and 110 women). The schizophrenia symptomatology was assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Age of onset was defined as the age at which the psychotic symptoms first appeared. Our results showed that genotype frequency distributions and allelic frequencies did not differ between patients and controls. No interaction was found between sex and genotypes. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed a significance of the BDNF Val66Met genotypes on the age of onset (F=3.76, p<0.02), after adjusting sex, age and duration of illness. Furthermore, ANCOVA showed that the significance of the BDNFVal66Met genotypes on age of onset was increased comparing the Val66Met heterozygotes with the combination of Val66Val and Met66Met homozygotes (F=5.85, p<0.01). Our results suggest that the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism may not contribute directly to the susceptibility to schizophrenia, but to the onset of the disease. Furthermore, our results show the heterozygous effect of the BDNF Val66Met gene on the clinical variability of schizophrenia phenotype.

Association of the manganese superoxide dismutase gene Ala-9Val polymorphism with clinical phenotypes and tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenic patients.

OBJECTIVE: Several recent studies that have investigated the genetic association between the manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene Ala-9Val single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and tardive dyskinesia (TD) have produced conflicting results. This study was to investigate whether this SNP was associated with clinical phenotypes and antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia (TD) in schizophrenia in a genetically homogeneous Han Chinese inpatient population. METHODS: Genotyping was performed for the MnSOD gene Ala-9Val SNP in Chinese schizophrenia patients with (n=176) and without TD (n=346). The severity of TD was assessed using the abnormal involuntary movement scale (AIMS), and psychopathology using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). RESULTS: The frequencies of genotypes and alleles did not differ significantly between schizophrenic patients with and without TD (both p>0.05). Also, there was no significant difference in the AIMS total score between the Val/Val and Ala allele carrier groups (p>0.05). However, the PANSS negative symptom subscore was significantly higher in patients with Val/Val genotype (21.8+/-7.3) than those with Ala alleles (20.1+/-7.7) (t=2.32, p=0.03). CONCLUSION: While the MnSOD gene Ala-9Val polymorphism did not play a major role in the susceptibility to TD in schizophrenic patients, it might be associated with negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

Smoking initiation and schizophrenia: a replication study in a Chinese Han population.

Schizophrenia is associated with a greater probability of ever smoking daily and with higher rates of initiation of daily smoking after age 20 in Caucasian populations. The aims of the current study were to replicate that schizophrenia is associated with smoking and higher risk of initiating daily smoking before schizophrenia starts among a large sample of male Chinese patients. A survival analysis of onset age for daily smoking compared 776 DSM-IV male inpatients with schizophrenia to 560 male controls. The results showed that the cumulative hazard curves for age of smoking initiation in schizophrenia and controls were significantly different (p<0.001), even after controlling for education (p<0.001). After excluding the patients who started smoking within 5 years before schizophrenia started, the cumulative hazard curve for schizophrenia was significantly different from ever-smoked controls (p<0.001), even after adjusting for education (p<0.001). These findings suggest that schizophrenic patients have a higher risk of starting daily smoking suggesting that vulnerability to schizophrenia may be associated with a higher risk of becoming a daily smoker.

Decreased levels of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor in drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia: relationship to clinical phenotypes.

OBJECTIVE: There is accumulating evidence that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may be involved in the pathophysiology of patients with schizophrenia. Clinical studies show reductions in BDNF in schizophrenic patients treated with first generation antipsychotics or second generation antipsychotics. However, there have been few systematic studies to examine the relationship between BDNF levels and psychopathology in first-episode and drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum BDNF levels were determined using enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the serum of 88 never-medicated first-episode and 90 healthy controls subjects matched for age and gender. The schizophrenia symptomatology and the depressive symptoms were assessed by the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) and the Hamilton rating (HAMD) scale for depression. RESULTS: The results showed that BDNF levels were significantly lower in first-episode patients with schizophrenia than in healthy control subjects (9.0 +/- 4.2 ng/ml vs 12.1 +/- 2.2 ng/ml; F = 37.6; df = 1, 176; p < 0.0001). A significant positive correlation between BDNF levels and PANSS positive subscore was observed (r = 0.29; df = 88; p = 0.008). Furthermore, higher BDNF levels were observed in patients with paranoid subtype of schizophrenia. However, no significant correlation between BDNF and HAMD total score was found. CONCLUSION: Low BDNF levels at the onset of psychosis suggest that it may contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and perhaps, could be a candidate biological marker for positive symptoms.

Decreased serum BDNF levels in chronic institutionalized schizophrenia on long-term treatment with typical and atypical antipsychotics.

Accumulating evidence showed that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Decreased BDNF levels have been found in the serum of schizophrenic patients with mixed results. In the present study, we assessed serum BDNF levels in a large group of 364 schizophrenic patients (157 on clozapine, 89 on risperidone and 118 on typical antipsychotics), compared to 323 healthy control subjects matched for age and gender. The schizophrenia symptomatology was assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and serum BDNF levels were measured by sandwich ELISA. The results showed that BDNF levels were significantly lower in chronic patients with schizophrenia than in healthy control subjects (9.9+/-2.0 ng/ml vs.11.9+/-2.3 ng/ml, p<0.0001). Lower BDNF levels were observed in patients treated with risperidone (9.3+/-2.3 ng/ml) compared to those with clozapine (10.2+/-2.0 ng/ml, p<0.001) and typical antipsychotics (10.0+/-2.1 ng/ml, p<0.01). Furthermore, a stepwise multiple regression analysis identified types of antipsychotic drugs (beta=-0.37, t=-3.15, p=0.001) and BDNF levels (beta=-0.26, t=-2.51, p=0.014) as the influencing factor for the positive symptom subscore of PANSS. In addition, there was a sex difference in BDNF levels in patients with schizophrenia (9.7+/-1.9 ng/ml for males vs.10.4+/-2.1 ng/ml for female, p<0.005), but not in normal controls. Our findings indicated decreased BDNF serum levels in chronic patients with schizophrenia, which may be related to clinical phenotypes, including gender, antipsychotic treatment and the severity of psychotic symptoms.

Antifungal activity of crude extracts and fat-soluble constituents of Holotrichia diomphalia larvae.

In this study, chemical compositions of fatty oils and bioactivity of crude extracts from Holotrichia diomphalia larvae as Chinese materia medica were investigated for the first time. The chemical compositions of the fatty oils were obtained by two different methods and determined by GC/MS. In total, the petroleum ether extract produced 21 compounds (96.3%) while the supercritical fluid extract produced six compounds (99.53%) for identification. The effect of petroleum ether and other crude extracts on Pyricularia oryzae was also examined. Results indicated that ethanol and petroleum ether extracts had excellent antifungal activities. These findings demonstrated that fatty oils from H. diomphalia larvae had great potential to be used as a source for natural health products.

[Study on the anticancer activities of the Clematis manshrica saponins in vivo].

OBJECTIVE: To study the anticancer activity of the Clematis manshrica saponins in vivo. METHOD: Anticancer activities were tested in mice with experimental tumor (S180, HepA and P388) in vivo. RESULT: The Clematis manshrica saponins showed a significant anticancer activities on Sarcoma-180, HepA and P388 implanted in mice. In S180 sarcoma, the average tumor inhibition rates were 42.78%, 52.06% and 58.25% (P < 0.05-0.01) respectively; The mean inhibition rates were 37.44%, 52.05% and 59.36% (P < 0.05-0.001) in Hep A tumor separately; while in P388 tumor, the mean inhibition rates were 34.50%, 46.78% and 54.39% (P < 0.05-0.01), respectively. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that Clematis manshrica has obvious antitumor effects against various transplanted tumor in mice.