Checklist of the infraorder Gryllidea (Orthoptera: Ensifera) from Yunnan province, China, with description of one new species.

A checklist of 166 species and subspecies from 62 genera, 15 subfamilies, 5 families and 2 superfamilies of Gryllidea, is recorded from Yunnan Province of China, based on the published data and accumulated material. The detailed distribution of most species is provided in Yunnan Province. Mitius eryuanensis Yuan, Xie Liu sp. nov. is described as new species.

The Prevalence and Causes of Visual Impairment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Northeast China.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence and causes of visual impairment in a group of community people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Northeast China. METHODS: Population-based cross-sectional survey. Patients diagnosed with T2DM residing in 15 communities in Fushun, Northeast China, were enrolled between July 2012 and May 2013. All participants underwent an extensive and standardized eye examination (visual acuity testing, slit-lamp, and fundus examination). Low vision was defined as presenting VA of better-seeing eye <20/60 and ≥20/400, and blindness was defined as VA <20/400, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) definitions. The primary causes of blindness and low vision were assessed by senior ophthalmologists. RESULTS: Visual acuity measurements were available for 1998 (89.8%) of 2224 subjects in the study. The prevalence of bilateral blindness and low vision defined was 0.90% and 10.81%. Uncorrected refractive error was the first leading cause of low vision (75.0%) and blindness (38.9%). After correcting the refractive error, the first leading cause of low vision was cataract (44.4%), followed by diabetic retinopathy (29.6%) and myopic maculopathy (18.5%), while the first leading cause of blindness was proliferative DR (45.4%), followed by cataract (36.4%) and myopic maculopathy (18.2%). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested a high prevalence of low vision and blindness in this study cohort. Uncorrected refractive error and cataract remain the leading cause of visual impairment, but the major challenge is the early diagnosis and intervention of diabetic retinopathy to reduce diabetes-related blindness.

A contribution to taxonomy of the superfamily Grylloidea Laicharting from Yunnan, China (Orthoptera: Grylloidea).

This paper describes four new species of the superfamily Grylloidea from Yunnan, China, including a new species of Gryllidae: Tarbinskiellus sororius Wang, Zhang Liu sp. nov.; a new species of Mogoplistidae: Ornebius yunnanensis Wang, Zhang Liu sp. nov.; two new species of Trigonidiidae: Homonemobius curifolis Zhang, Wang Liu sp. nov. and Pteronemobius (Pteronemobius) truncates Zhang, Wang Liu sp. nov. In addition, photographs of habitus and genitalia and a distribution map are provided.

First record of the subgenus Duolandrevus (Duolandrevus) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Landrevinae) from China, with description of a new species.

The subgenus Duolandrevus (Duolandrevus) Kirby, 1906 is recorded for the first time in China, a new species i.e.: Duolandrevus (Duolandrevus) bannanus sp. nov. was collected from Xishuangbanna of Yunnan province, China. The description and illustrations of the new species are provided. A distribution map of all species of Duolandrevus (Duolandrevus) in the world is presented.

First record of Sonotrella Gorochov (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) from Laos, with description of a new species.

The genus Sonotrella Gorochov, 1988 is recorded to Laos for the first time. A new species is described and illustrated, S. (Sonotrella) laosensis sp. nov. (type locality: Laos). A distribution map of the species of Sonotrella (Sonotrella) and a key to the subgenera of Sonotrella worldwide are given.

[Pharmacokinetics for the solutable type injections of propofol glycoside in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the pharmacokinetics for two solution types of propofol glycoside injections in rats. METHODS: A high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) was established for measuring propofol in rat plasma. Two kinds of propofol glycoside injections were developed and intravenously administered to rats via tail vein, respectively, and a commercially available propofol emulsion injection was intravenously administered as a control. Propofol plasma concentration-time curves were determined, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated. RESULTS: HPLC-MS measurement was performed by using a quadrupole-orbit trap high-resolution mass spectrometer on a C18 chromatographic column. The mobile phase consisted of water and methanol (20:80, V/V). The ion source was an atmospheric pressure chemical ion source, and the negative ion was used for detection with a scanning mode of selective ion monitoring in which m/z 177.127 4 was used for propofol and m/z 149.096 1 used for thymol as an internal standard. A linear correlation between concentration and peak area ratio was constructed in the range of 50 µg/L-10.0 mg/L propofol. The limit of quantification was 50 µg/L propofol. The average recoveries of propofol from plasma were in the range of 93.6%-101.1%, and intra-day or inter-day relative standard deviation for measurement was <14%. The pharmacokinetic results showed that the two kinds of propofol glycoside injections exhibited the same pharmacokinetic behavior. However, the clearance and area under curve values of propofol for the two propofol glycoside injections were evidently increased as compared with those for propofol emulsion injection, respectively. Furthermore, their apparent distribution volumes were increased as well. Nevertheless, the propofol elimination half-life (t1/2) value of the newly developed propofol glycoside injections was the same as that of commercial propofol emulsion injection (approximately 1.5 h). CONCLUSION: The established HPLC-MS method can be used for measuring propofol concentration accurately in rat plasma. The clearance and distribution volumes of propofol glycoside injection are bigger than those of the propofol emulsion injection.